SKIN (INTEGUMENTUM COMMUNE)

The surface of an adult body -  1.6 – 2.2 m^2

The thickness - 1.5 – 4 mm

Melanin – naevi (moles)

Additional cutaneous organs– hair, nails and glands


Types of skin:

Hirsute, glabrous


Microscopic structure:


Epidermis:

0.03 – 0.1 mm thick.

Stratum basale + stratum spinosum = stratum germinativum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum corneum

Keratinocytes – keratin

Melanocytes -melanosomes - melanin

Melanocyte stimulating hormone - adenohypophysis

Albinism

7-dehydrocholesterole - vitamin D3 (cholecalciferole).

Langerhans’s cells

Merkel’s cells


Corium – dermis:

0.5 – 3 mm thick

Stratum papillare

Stratum reticulare

Mm. arectores pilorum

Tunica dartos


THE SUBCUTIS (TELA SUBCUTANEA)

Retinacula cutis

Bursae synoviales

Panniculus adiposus


BLOOD VESSELS

Plexus reticularis

Plexus subpapillaris


LYMPH VESSELS

Rete cutaneum superficiale

Rete cutaneum profundum


NERVES

Free nerve endings

Capsulated end corpuscles


RELIEF

Lineae flexionis (creases)

linea oppositionis pollicis

linea manus clausae

linea oclusionis digitorum trium ulnarium

linea axialis manus

linea restricta

linea rasceta

Simian crease

Sulci cutis

Cristae cutis

Pori sudoriferi

Arches, curves and whorls

Toruli tactiles

Areae cutaneae

Striae cutaneae

Striae gravidarum

Lines of the split


DERIVATIVES OF THE EPIDERMIS

Hair (pilus):

Scapus pili

Radix pili

Bulbus pili

Folliculus pili

Papilla pili

Medulla pili

Cortex pili

Cuticula pili.

Anagen – 10 years

Katagen – 3 weaks

Telogen – 4 months

Alopecia

M. arrector pili

Goose pimples


Primary hair (lanugo):

Flumina pilorum

Vortices pilorum

Vernix caseosa

Hypertrichosis lanuginosa


Secondary hair:

Pili

Capilli

Ciliae

Supercilium


Tertiary hair (terminal):

Hypertrichosis vera.

Hirci

Pubes (crines)

Barbae

Tragi

Vibrissae

Sinus hair


UNGUIS (ONYX)

0,5 – 1 mm thick

Radix unguis

Corpus unguis

Margines laterales

Vallum unguis

Eponychium

Matrix unguis

Matrix germinativa

Matrix sterilis (hyponychium)

Lectulus unguis- cristae lectuli unguis



GLANDS OF THE SKIN

Glandulae sebaceae:

holocrine type of gland

Sebum

Meibomian glands

Comedo

Acne.

Glandulae sudoriferae – sweat glands:

Eccrine sweat glands - sweat

Apocrine glands-scent glands:

-         glandulae sudoriferae axillares

-         glandulae circumanales

-         glandulae ceruminosae– cerumen

-         glandulae sudoriferae nasales

-         glandulae ciliares of Moll


MAMMA

Sinus mammarum

Areola mammae

Glandulae areolares (of Montgomery)

Papilla mammae-

Area cribriformis papillae

Ductus lactiferi

Fascia pectoralis superficialis

Premammary and retromammary fat

Lig. suspensorium Cooperi – retinacula cutis

Glandula mammaria

Processus axillaris

Lobuli mammae

Alveoli

Colostrum

Lactation

Prolactin – adenohypophysis

oxytocin - neurohypophysis

A.thoracica interna – rr. perforantes anteriores

A.thoracica lateralis

Rr.mammarii from rr.cutanei laterales from the 2^nd to 4^th aa. intercostales

Circulus venosus Halleri

V.thoracica int.

V.thoracica lateralis

Vv.intercostales

Nn. intercostales

Nn. supraclaviculares


Areolomamma

Mamma areolata

Mamma papillata

Mamma disciformis

Mamma hemisphaeroidea

Mamma piriformis

Mamma pendula