VEINS
• CAPILLARIES, SINUSOIDS, POSTCAPILLARY
VENULES
• VENULES, VEINS
• TUNICA INTIMA, MEDIA, ADVENTITIA
• VASA VASORUM, SYMPATHETIC AND
AFFERENT NERVES
• VALVES, SINUS
• PHLEBOGRAPHY
• VENAE COMITANTES
v. cava superior
v. cava inferior
Vena cava superior V. CAVA SUP.
- v. brachiocephalica dx. et sin.
- v. azygos
Venae brachiocephalicae
Angulus venosus dx. a sin.
Vena jugularis interna
• INTRACRANIAL TRIBUTARIES
(region supplied by a. carotis interna)
• EXTRACRANIAL TRIBUTARIES
(region supplied by a. carotis externa)
Intracranial tributaries
venae cerebri
venae emissariae
venae diploicae
venae ophtalmicae
Anterior (separately, from stem…)
• v. facialis
• v. lingualis
• v. thyroidea superior
• v. thyroidea media
Medial (separately)
• v. pharyngea (plexus pharyngeus)
Posterior (vena jugularus externa)
• v. auricularus posterior
• v. occipitalis
Stem (vena retromandibularis)
• v. temporalis superficialis
• v. maxillaris (plexus pterygoideus)
Extracranial tributaries
Žíly hloubky obličeje
Vena jugularis anterior Venae pharyngeae
(plexus pharyngeus)
VENA CAVA SUPERIOR
Vena subclavia
VENA JUGULARIS INTERNA
Vena axillaris
Vena thoracoepigastrica and vena cephalica
Trig. clavipectorale
(deltoideopectorale)
Veins of the upper extremity
Deep - following arteries Superficial (vena cephalica, vena basilica)
VENAE MEMBRI SUPERIORIS
V. AZYGOS
- v. lumbalis ascendens dx. + v. subcostalis dx.
(vv. lumbales dx.)
- v. phrenica sup. dx.
- vv. intercostales post. dx. (5th – 11th)
- v. intercostalis suprema dx. (2nd – 4th)
- v. hemiazygos
- vv. oesophageales, bronchiales,
mediastinales
V. HEMIAZYGOS
- v. lumbalis ascendens sin. + v. subcostalis sin.
(vv. lumbales sin.)
- v. phrenica sup. sin.
- vv. intercostales post. sin.
(9th-11th)
- v. hemiazygos accessoria
(vv. intercostales post. sin.
5th – 8th)
- vv. oesophageae
- vv. bronchiales,
- vv. mediastinales
v. cava inferior
v. iliaca comm. sin.v. iliaca comm. dx.
v. iliaca ext.
v. iliaca int.
LE
pelvis
abdomen
L4-5
v. hemiazygos accessoria
v. lumbalis asc. dx.
vv. lumbales
v. subcostalis dx.
v. azygos
v. hemiazygos
Th 4
Th 7-9
Cavo-caval anastomoses
VENA CAVA INFERIOR
Vena portae
Porto-caval anastomoses
PORTAL-CAVAL / PORTAL-SYSTEMIC
ANASTOMOSES
1. Vv. gastricae – vv. oesophageae
2. Vv. paraumbilicales
(caput Medusae, Burrow’s veins)
3. Plexus rectalis - hemorrhoids
4. Retzius’ veins
5. Vv. hepaticae – vv. phrenicae
Vena iliacae (comm., externae et internae)
Parietal and visceral tributaries (plexuses)
V. ILIACA COMMUNIS
- v. iliaca ext - v. femoralis
- v. epigastrica inf.
- v. circumflexa ilium prof.
- v. iliaca int.
V. ILIACA INTERNA
- plexus venosus vesicalis – vv. vesicales
- plexus venosus prostaticus – v. dorsalis penis prof.
- plexus venosus vaginalis – v. dorsalis clitoridis prof.
- plexus venosus uterinus – vv. uterinae
- plexus venosus rectalis – v. rectalis sup., media, inf.
- plexus venosus sacralis – vv. sacrales lat.
Veins of the lower extremity
Deep
Superficial
V. SAPHENA PARVA
Varices
VARICOSE VEINS
femur
v. saphena magna
Fetal blood
circulation
Illustrations were copied from:
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta.
Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:
Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993)
Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy.
Windows Version 2.0
Čihák R: Anatomie 2 (Splanchnologia). Avicenum,
zdravotnické nakladatelství, Praha, 1988.