•GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY 1 •Meiosis. Development of gamets. Fertilization. Cleavage. •Implantation. Changes in blastocyst during implantation. •Differentiation of embryoblast. •Germ disc. Development of embryonic mesoderm and notochord. Somites. The other axial organs of embryo. •Flexion of embryo. Development of the umbilical cord. mitoza a meioza MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS – the main differences růst a zrání folikulů •PRIMORDIAL •FOLLICLES •PRIMARY •UNILAMINAR •FOLLICLE •PRIMARY •MULTILAMINAR •FOLLICLES •SECONDARY •FOLLICLE •GRAAFIAN •FOLLICLE •GROWTH AND MATURATION OF OVARIAN FOLLICLES •PRIMARY •OOCYTE •in these follicles •SECONDARY •OOCYTE •Corona •radiata •Zona pellucida •Follicular fluid •Mitotic spindle in metaphase 2 • OOCYTE •Thecalutein cells •Fibrin clot CORPUS LUTEUM •Granulosa lutein cells OVULATION Ruptured follicle • Theca folliculi • externa and interna •Membrana •granulosa •Zona pellucida •CORTEX OVARII •oocyte II sperm penetration ovum begining of cleavage •pronuclei diploid set of chromosomes •polar body •mitotic •spindle •cleavage •secondary oocyte in metaphase 2 •implanted •blastocyst •FERTILIZATION AND IMPLANTATION •cumulus •oophorus •zona •pellucida FERTILIZATION e1p_j1_zygote e1q_j2_2blasto e1r_j2_4blasto e1s_j3_8blasto e1t_j4_morula e0b_blastozyste •Zygote •– 18 h after fertilization 24 h 45 h •72 h Morula – 96 h •Blastocyst rýhování a implantace •CLEAVAGE AND IMPLANTATION Mitotic spindle within zygote Polar bodies MORULA BLASTOCYST •Syncytiotrophoblast •Primitive chorionic cavity •Embryonic pole • ENDOMETRIUM •UTERINE GLANDS •Trophoblast •Embryoblast •Extraembr. •mesoderm •Primitive •yolk sac Chorion •Operculum •Amniotic cavity •Trophoblastic •lacunae •Cytotrophoblast •Endoderm •Ektoderm •Connecting stalk •Amnion •Germ disc •Definitive •yolk sac •Extraembryonic •coelom implantace • •IMPLANTATION – DAY 7 •Trophoblast •Primitive •chorionic cavity •Endoderm •Uterine epithelium •Syncytiotrophoblast •Ectoderm •Blood capillary Uterine gland implantace 2 •IMPLANTATION – DAY 8 1/2 •Trophoblast • •Primitive •chorionic cavity • • •Endoderm • •Cytotrophoblast • •Amniotic sac • • •Syncytiotrophoblast • • • • •Uterine gland • •Trophoblastic lacune implantace 3 •IMPLANTATION – DAY 10 •Primitive (primary) yolk sac •Extraembryonic mesoderm •Endoderm • • •Ectoderm • • •Cytotrophoblast • • • • •Syncytiotrophoblast •Trophoblastic Amniotic Cytototrophoblastic • lacune cavity bud implantace 4 •IMPLANTATION – DAY 13 • Extraembryonic Definitive (secondary) • coelom yolk sac •Primary •chorionic villus • •Endoderm • • •Ectoderm • • •Cytotrophoblast • • •Syncytiotrophoblast •Connecting stalk Trophoblastic lacune •(extraembryonic mesoderm) (with capillary outlet) zárod •DORSAL SIDE OF GERM DISC – DAY 14 • •Wall of amniotic cavity Prochordal plate •Connecting stalk •Wall of yolk sac • •Endoderm Ectoderm •Primitive •streak zárod •GERM DISC - DAY 16 • •Yolk sac •Cut edge •of amnion •Primitive •streak •Primitive •node •Ectoderm •Amnion •Wall of yolk sac •Mesoderm Endoderm •A – view on dorsal side: •B – transverse section • through germ disc: zárod •GERM DISC - DAY 16 • •Amnionic •wall •Amniotic cavity •Prochordal •plate •Notochordal •process •Cloacal •membrane •Primitive •node •Primitive •Streak • •Allantois •Ectoderm •Primitive •pit •Notochordal Primitive •process streak •Prochordal plate • • •A – view on dorsal side B – longitudinal section zárod •GERM DISC - DAY 17 • •A – longitudinal section, B, C – transversal sections •Canal of Lieberkühn •Wall of yolk sac •Prochordal • plate •Notochordal • process •Connecting stalk •Primitive pit •Cloacal •membrane •Notochordal Embryonic •/head/ proces mesoderm •Embryonic Endoderm •mesoderm • Notochordal plate •Ectoderm •Amnion •Allantois •DIFFERENTIATION OF MESODERM • • Somite •Sclerotome •Nephrotome •Paired •aorta •dorsalis •Aorta dorsalis •Primitive gut • •Aorta dorsalis •Dermatome •Myotome •Basis of arcus vertebrae • •Basis of corpus vertebrae • • paraxial •MESODERM intermediate • lateral • Splanchnopleura • •Somatopleura Vývoj mezodermu -paraaxiální -intermediární -laterální flexe •Amnionic cavity •Neural plate •Septum transversum Connecting stalk •Allantois •Nephrotom •Intreembryonic •coelom •Pericardiac •cavity •Yolk sac • •Paraxial •mesoderm •Embryonic •somatopleura •Embryonic •splanchnopleura •section plane •section plane •Umbilical •vein •inkorporation •of yolk sac into •primitive gut •Anterior and posterior neuroporus •Pharyngeal •membrane •Neural •tube •Ectoderm •Cloacal •membrane • Neural tube •Somite •Dorsal •aortae •Communication between •extra and intraembryonic •coelom •Primitive •umbilical cord •Primary •brain •vesicles •Forgut •Midgut •Hindgut •Cranial (head) fold •Caudal (tail) fold •Yolk sac • Midgut •Lateral folds •Ductus •omphalomesentericus •Yolk sac •EMBRYO FLEXION Flexe zárodku •EMBRYOLOGY •Set of embryological pictures I, II • •