The Highest Level of Brain Activity I Three States of Cognition Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations The role of nervous system Input Integration Output REGULATION Potential input Potential output ANTICIPATION Receptor Effector Cortex Cortex Three States of Cognition Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : Mind Sociology : Social Mind Neuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Why? A human is an individual A human is a social being Decision making Why? A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Socail conflict Decision makingYou have to live with yourself You have to live with others Why? A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Socail conflict Decision makingYou have to live with yourself You have to live with others Why? A human is an individual A human is a social being Psychological conflict Socail conflict Decision making Values Philosophy of life You have to live with yourself You have to live with others Philosophy Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Wikipedia Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Philosophy Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Wikipedia Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Collective consciousness or collective conscio us is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. Wikipedia PROTOSCIENCE PHILOSOPHY RELIGION PROTOSCIENCE PHILOSOPHY RELIGIONSCIENCE PROTOSCIENCE PHILOSOPHY RELIGIONSCIENCE Based on facts Based on theory MixKnowledge Faith Material Spiritual Information processing https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg Fact Theory Simple Complex Fact Theory Cannot be provenCan be proven Yes/No Maybe Simple Complex Factual Abstract Fact Theory Cannot be provenCan be proven Yes/No Maybe Simple Complex Factual Abstract Three States of Cognition Philosophy : Mind behind Mind Psychology : MindNeuroscience: Brain PS Deb http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations FACTS THEORIES Why? A human is an entity A human is a social being Psychological conflict Socail conflict Decision makingYou have to live with yourself You have to live with others Philosophy of life is a personal philosophy, whose focus is resolving the existential questions about the human condition. Wikipedia Collective consciousness or collective conscious is the set of shared beliefs, ideas and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. Wikipedia Cognitive map Cognitive map Cognitive maps ✓ Comlex ✓ Unique ✓ Multiple viewpoints https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi a/commons/thumb/d/d4/Paul_D_Mac Lean.jpg/220px-Paul_D_MacLean.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Spinal cord and brain stem • Reflex activity – „hardware“ • Speed / economy • Fixed action patterns (FAP) - the highest level of reflex activity • FAP activity may be controlled if it does not threat to bodily functions (e.g. Holding the breath) http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations Whelan PJ. Shining light into the black box of spinal locomotor networks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2010;365:2383–2395. • Reflex activity – „hardware“ • Speed / economy • Fixed action patterns (FAP) - the highest level of reflex activity • FAP activity may be controlled if it does not threat to bodily functions (e.g. Holding the breath) http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations Whelan PJ. Shining light into the black box of spinal locomotor networks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 2010;365:2383–2395. Spinal cord and brain stem https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Neocortex • Relatively slow / non-economical • The highest analytic functions • The highest executive functions • Most developed in humans http://www.emunix.emich.edu • Relatively slow / non-economical • The highest analytic functions • The highest executive functions • Most developed in humans http://www.emunix.emich.edu Neocortex Association areas • Neither receptive • Nor effector • Integrative function • Parieto-occipito-temporal • Frontal • Limbic http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Parieto-occipito-temporal association area http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations • Linking and interpretation of information from several sensory modalities • Visual – acoustic – sensory analysis • Object recognition and categorization • Language comprehension • Attention ➢Motor/non-motor planning/organization - strategy - anticipation ➢Thinking – mental models processing ➢Attention – „information filtering“ ➢Behavioral control • Facilitation of „wanted“ • Inhibition of „unwanted“ https://www.slideshare.net/thelawofscience/cns-13256395 Frontal association area Basal ganglia • Corpus striatum • Nucleus caudatus • Putamen • Globus pallidus (Pallidum) • Externum • Internum • Nucleus subthalamicus • Substantia nigra • Pars compacta • Pars reticulata • Thalamic motor nuclei http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations Basal ganglia • Corpus striatum • Nucleus caudatus • Putamen • Globus pallidus (Pallidum) • Externum • Internum • Nucleus subthalamicus • Substantia nigra • Pars compacta • Pars reticulata • Thalamic motor nuclei http://www.slideshare.net/CsillaEgri/presentations • Direct pathway ➢ Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway ➢ Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia • Direct pathway ➢ Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway ➢ Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia • Direct pathway ➢ Motor cortex activation • Indirect pathway ➢ Motor cortex inhibition http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Basal ganglia https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Concept of the limbic system • Voluntary https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png • Automatic Concept of the limbic system • Voluntary https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png • Automatic Potenciálni konfliktLimbic system Control Modulation • Integration of information from inner and outer environment • Hypothalamus • Emotions • Motivation • Instinct behavior http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/enger/student/olc/art_quizzes/genbiomedia/0665.jpg Concept of the limbic system https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of innera and outer information DRIVE https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2f/60/99/2f609962e23fdce7a008fb224d316256.gif Integration of innera and outer information DRIVE Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex • Papez circuit • Via neuromodulationg systems • Consciuosness • Mood • Via thalamus • Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) • Influence gating function of pther thalamic nuclei http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg https://decodingfilm.files.wordpress.com/20 14/09/tea.png?w=272&h=300