Exam questions Clinical Introduction – Surgery

1.    Accident, injury, trauma care organization.

2.    Mass injuries, plan for trauma care.

3.       Transportation of injured – methods and positions.

4.    Examination of an injured patient – ABCDE approach.

5.    Immediate and subsequent complications of injuries.

6.    Delayed complications of injuries, complicating diseases.

7.    Injuries – classification, characteristics. Tetanus prevention.

8.       Wound healing and complications.

9.       First aid for arterial or venous bleeding.

10.   Wound care outside the hospital, surgical treatment.

11.   Injuries to blood vessels and nerves.

12.   Injuries to muscles and tendons.

13.   Injuries to joints.

14.   Injuries to bones, diagnosing fractures.

15.  Classification of fractures.

16.   Fracture healing and complications.

17.  Conservative treatment of fractures.

18.  Surgical treatment of fractures.

19.  Open fractures.

20.  Fracture complications, compartment syndrome.

21.  Bandages, splints, orthoses.

22.  War surgery – organization and general principles, classification of patients, gunshot wounds.

23.  Blast injury, crush syndrome.

24.  Burns – classification, extent, overall response.

25.  Local and general treatment of burns.

26.   Overheating, sunburn, cooling down, frostbite, acid and lye burns.

27.  Electrical and lightning injuries. Drowning.

28.   Bite wounds, rabies.

29.   Basics of surgical oncology – surgery in oncology, complex treatment of malignant tumors.

30.  Immunology in surgery and transplantation.

31.  Asepsis and antisepsis, disinfection, sterilization.

32.  Surgical infections, distribution, dissemination.

33.  Diagnosis and treatment of surgical infection and sepsis.

34.  Hospital-acquired infections, prevention.

35.  Post-operative wound infections and systemic infections.

36.   Most common infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, Gram-positive infections.

37.  Colostridium, Gram-negative, specific, and parasitic infections.

38.  Septic diseases of the fingers and hand, surgical treatment.

39.  Antibiotics in surgery – prophylaxis and treatment.

40.   Body’s reaction to surgery (trauma).

41.  Disorders of the body’s internal environment, and acid-base homeostasis.

42.  Enteral nutrition, basic diets.

43.   Principles of infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition.

44.  Examination of a patient with acute abdomen (clinical + paraclinical).

45.  Case history of acute conditions in surgery – acute abdomen, accidents.

46.  Operative and conservative treatment, indication and contraindication for surgery,
classification of surgeries.

47.  Preoperative preparation of the patient.

48.  Perioperative period.

49.   Total anesthesia, risks and complications.

50.  Local anesthesia, its types, the main types of local anesthetics, complications.

51.  Securing the patency of the airway. Endotracheal intubation.

52.  Types of operating theatres, their location, structure, equipment, devices, and hygienic
regime.

53.   Surgical teams, their preparations for surgery, surgical documentation.

54.   Positioning the patient for surgery, complications, preparation of the surgical field.

55.  Surgical technique – skin cut, surgical approaches, physiological operations, drains.

56.  Stopping bleeding during surgery, preparation.

57.  Tissue suturing, suture materials.

58.  Amputation of limbs, exarticulation, replantation.

59.  Flaps in plastic surgery.

60.   Skin and tissue transplantation in plastic surgery.

61.  Terminology and characteristics of basic types of surgical procedures.

62.  Coniotomy (cricothyrotomy) and tracheotomy.

63.  Urinary retention, catheterization.

64.  Post-operative care.

65.  Post-operative complications.

66.  Pressure ulcers.

67.  Obtaining venous access.

68.  Transfusion preparations, replacement solutions.

69.  Transfusion technique, transfusion with pressure infusion bag

70.  Complications of blood transfusion.

71.  Shock – classification, patophysiology.

72.  Clinical picture of shock.

73.  Treatment and consequences of a shock.

74.   Hemorrhagic shock, measures in massive blood loss. Traumatic shock.

75.  Thromboembolic disease.

76.  Embolism, its types, symptoms, treatment, and prevention.

77.  Treatment of an unconscious patient.

78.  Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

79.  Rehabilitation.

80.  Pain management.

81.  Legal liability, AMA (against medical advice).