Basic knowledge: cranial nerves
- Appearance of nerve from brainstem and course through baseskull
- Nuclei of cranial nerve in brainstem segment
- Functional zones of nerve nuclei and types of nerve fibers
- Main branches and structural innervation
CN III
CN IV
CN VI
Innervation by CN III:
mm. recti orbitales except
m. rectus lat.
m. levator palpebrae sup.
m. obliquus inf.
m. dilator (symp.) et sphincter pupillae
(parasymp.)
Innervation by CN IV:
m. obliquus sup.
Innervation by CN VI:
m. rectus lat.
Fissura orb. sup.
Innervation by CN VI
m. rectus lat.
Innervation by CN IV
m. obliquus sup.
CN VII
Fissura petrotympanica
CN VII
Innervation by n. VII:
Mimic muscles
gl. lacrimalis
gl. submandibularis
gl. sublingualis
small salivatory gl. in mucosa of
soft and hard palatum
Taste buds in anterior 2/3 of tongue
and in mucosa of soft and hard
palate
Chorda tympani
CN V
n. V/1 - n. ophthalmicus
Fissura orb. sup.
Innervation by CN V1:
Skin of upper eyelids and frontal region
Conjunctiva and cornea of eye
Mucosa of celullae ethmoidales
CN V1 - ophthalmic nerve
CN V2 – maxillary nerve
Somatosensory innervation by CN V2:
Skin of lower eyelids, nasal wings, cheek,
gingiva and teeth of maxilla
Pterygopalatine ggl.
Innervation by pterygopalatine ggl.:
gl. lacrimalis
m. orbitalis
mucosa of nasal cavity
mucosa of soft and hard palate
rr. orbitales
m. orbitalis
Pterygopalatine ggl.
CN V3 – mandibular nerve
CN V3 – mandibular nerve
CN V3 – mandibular nerve
Somatosensory innervation by CN V3:
Skin of mandibula
Gingiva and teeth of mandibula
Ggl. oticum et submandibulare
ggl. oticum
CN IX
CN IX
Mucose covering pharynx and posterior
1/3 of tongue, taste from posterior 1/3 of
tongue (rr. pharyngei, rr. linguales)
tuba auditiva
Innervation by CN IX:
Somatosensory
Pharyngeal mucosa
Tonsilla palatina, tuba auditiva
Mucosa of posterior 1/3 of tongue
Sensory (taste)
Taste buds of posterior
1/3 of tongue
Viscerosenzory
Glomus caroticum
Sinus caroticus
Motor
m. stylopharyngeus
Parasympathetic
gl. parotis
CN X
CN X
Somatosenzory afferentation
from pinna and meatus ac. ext.
Taste afferentation
from epiglottis
To internal organs
Pharyngeal muscles
except m. stylopharyngeus
Muscles of soft palate except
m. tensor veli palatini
Laryngeal muscles
except m. cricothyroideus
m. cricothyroideus
Vagus nerve branches
r. meningeus
rr auriculares
rr. pharyngei
rr. laryngei sup.
rr. cardiaci cervicales sup.
n. laryngeus reccurensn. lar. inf.
rr. cardiaci cervicales inf.
rr. cardiaci thoracici
rr. bronchiales
rr. tracheales,
rr. oesophagei, plexus oesophageus,
plexus pulmonalis
truncus vagalis ant., post. -----rr. gastrici ant. post.,
rr. coeliaci
rr. hepatici
rr. renales
Innervation by CN X:
Somatosensory
Pinna and meatus acusticus ext.
Meninges, mucosa of larynx
Sensory (taste)
Taste buds of epiglottis
Viscerosenzory
Glomus caroticum
Sinus caroticus
Branchiomotor
Pharyngeal muscles except m. stylopharyngeus
Muscles of soft palate except m. tensor veli palatini
Laryngeal muscles
m. cricothyroideus – n. laryngeus sup., r. externus
Rest laryngeal muscles – n. laryngeus reccurens (source r. internus n. XI.)
Visceromotor
Internal organs
ncl. ambiguus
ncl. spinalis n. V.
n. XI
n.IX.
ncl. solitarius
ncl. parasymp. n. X.
r. meningeus
r. auricularis
rr. pharyngei
n. laryngeus sup.
(r. ext. et int.)
r. cardiacus thor. inf.
r. cardiacus cerv. sup.
r. cardiacus cerv. inf.
m. cricothyroideus
n. laryngeus rec. sin.
n. laryngeus rec. dx.
a. subclavia. dx.
Vagus Nerve Stimulator (VNS)
CN XI
CN XI
Spinal
motoneurons
CN XII
Intrinsic tongue muscles and
m. genioglossus, hyoglossus et
styloglossus
Infrahyoid muscles
Spinal
motoneurons
CN XII
Lesion of the hypoglossal nerve – tongue turns to side of unlesioned nerve