Joint, and Muscle Injuries • FRACTURE Dislocations •Joint is pulled apart •Bone are not aligned properly Dislocations: What To Do •Check CSM •Splint (do not reduce) •Medical attention –Sometimes you may try to reduce a n anterior shoulder, kneecap or finger (wilderness) •Never reduce: spine, elbow, wrist, knee, hip Anterior Shoulder Dislocation •Victim holds upper arm away from body •Sling won’t work •Extreme pain •Shoulder appears squared off •Loss of function •Physician realignment Knee Dislocation •Major artery behind knee –May need to avoid application on cold •No ankle pulse? Try to realign once? •Stabilize knee in present position •Medical attention •UC Davis athlete •Splinting lab Additional Extremity Injuries •Sprains •Strains •Contusions •Tendonitis –Treat all with RICE Sprains •Ligament damage •Ligaments connect bone to bone •Primary stabilizer of joints –Treatment: RICE Strains •Pulled muscle •Occurs when: –Muscle extended beyond its normal range of motion •muscle is not warmed up (stretched) • Possible Signs of a Strain •Sharp pain / stiffness •Extreme tenderness •Cavity, indention, bump •Severe weakness or loss of function Tendonitis Inflammation of a Tendon •Musculotendenous unit –Tendon connects muscle to bone •Tennis elbow •Little leaguers elbow •Treatment: RICE Muscle Contusions (Bruises) •Swelling •Pain •Tenderness •Discoloration –Treatment: RICE Muscle Cramps (Uncontrolled Spasms) •Night cramps and heat cramps •May be caused by: –Dehydration –Electrolyte imbalance •Charley horse Muscle Cramps: What To Do •Stretch the muscle or Apply pressure •Consume fluid with electrolytes –Gatorade / sports drinks / lightly salted water •Pinch upper lip, hard?? –Acupuncture technique •DO NOT MASSAGE Ankle and Foot Injuries •Leave shoe on? Some controversy •Horseshoe shaped pad •RICE •Anti-inflammatory drugs RICE •Rest •Ice •Compression •Elevation RICE •RICE will eliminate or reduce swelling = faster recovery •NEVER use HEAT initially for sprains, strains, fractures, bruises etc. Rest •Speeds up healing •Reduces blood flow to the area •Reduces swelling –Using body part increases blood flow to the area Ice •Vasoconstriction •Apply 20-30 minutes every 2-3 hours (variable) •Apply for the first 48-72 hours –(variable – p. 230: 24-48 hours) –Severe injury? 72 hrs. recommended Icing Methods •Commercial hot/cold packs •Ice bags (1part alcohol, 3 parts water) •Ice cups •Frozen vegetables •Cold, wet towels from the freezer •Snow •Contrast baths (l min. cold, 4 min. warm: variable) Caution With Ice •Frostbite •Do not ice posterior knee (nerve damage) •Raynaud’s syndrome Compression •Fill hollow areas with padding •Wrap towards the heart –Loosen at night Elevation •Controls swelling and pain •Elevate first 72 hours Using Heat for Injuries •48-72 hours after injury (variable) •Vasodilation Blood Under the Nail •Heat pointed metal object, burn through nail •Drill through the nail??? •Treat as minor wounds • • • • –