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Department of Anatomy
Auditory and vestibular system
MUDr. Marek Joukal, Ph.D.
ORGANUM VESTIBULOCOCHLEARE
External ear (auris externa)
Auricle (auricula)
meatus acusticus externus
membrana tympani
Middle ear (auris media)
Tympanic cavity (cavitas tympani)
Ossicles (ossicula auditus)
Mastoid cells (cellulae mastoideae)
Eustachian tube (tuba auditiva)
Inner ear (auris interna)
labyrinthus osseus
labyrinthus membranaceus
AURICULA
Helix
crus helicis
Tuberculum auriculae
Scapha (eminentia scaphae)
Anthelix
crura anthelicis, fossa triangularis
Concha auriculae (eminentia conchae)
cymba conchae, cavum conchae
Tragus
Antitragus, incisura intertragica
Lobulus auriculae
cartilago auriculae, lamina tragi
lobulus auriculae (fatty tissue)
ligamenta et musculi auriculae
(intraauriculares, extraauriculares)
Skin (lateral and medial side)
Morphology of the auricle
AURICULA (vessels, nerves) Arteries:
a. temporalis superficialis
a. auricularis posterior
Veins: tributaries of v. jugularis
externa
Lymph:
nodi lymph. retroauriculares
nodi lymh. parotidei
Nerves:
nn. auriculares anteriores
(n. auriculotemporalis)
ramus auricularis n. vagi (n.V.)
n. auricularis magnus
(plexus cervicalis)
MEATUS ACUSTICUS EXTERNUS
porus acusticus ext.
(cavum conchae)
cartilago meatus acustici ext.
meatus acusticus ext. osseus
sulcus tympanicus
incisura tympanica
membrana tympani
tragi
glandulae ceruminosae
cerumen
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MEATUS ACUSTICUS EXTERNUS
isthmus
frontal
transverse
MEMBRANA TYMPANI
Anulus fibrocartilagineus
Umbo membranae tympani
Stria mallearis
Prominentia mallearis
Plica mallearis ant.
Plica mallearis post.
Pars tensa
Pars flaccida
Light reflex
MEMBRANA TYMPANI
Inclination:
Angle 450 with transverse plane
Declination
Angle 500 with sagital plane
Morphology:
stratum fibrosum
stratum cutaneum
stratum mucosum
CAVUM TYMPANI
Paries:
membranaceus (lateral)
labyrinthicus (medial),
caroticus (ventral)
mastoideus (dorsal)
tegmentalis (superior)
jugularis (inferior)
PARIES LABYRINTHICUS
Promontorium (sulcus promontorii)
Fenestra vestibuli
Fenestra cochlae
Prominentia canalis n. VII.
Prominentia canalis semicircularis lateralis
PARIES MEMBRANACEUS
Membrana tympani
Recessus epitympanicus
Recessus hypotympanicus
PARIES CAROTICUS
Canalis musculotubarius
Canaliculi caroticotympanici
Procesus cochleariformis
Fissura petrotympanica
PARIES MASTOIDEUS
Antrum mastoideum
Prominentia canalis n. VII.
Eminentia pyramidalis
Apertura int. canaliculi chordae tympani
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PARIES TEGMENTALIS
Canaliculus n. petrosi minor
PARIES JUGULARIS
Apertura int. canaliculi tympanici
Tympanic cavity
).
OSSICULA AUDITUS
Incus
Corpus incudis
Crus breve, crus longum
Proc. lenticularis
Stapes
Caput stapedis
Basis stapedis
Crus ant., post.
Malleus
Caput
Collum
Manubrium
Processus ant.
Processus lat.
ART. INCUDOMALLEARIS
ART. INCUDOSTAPEDIA
Facets: caput mallei, corpus incudis
Type: saddle, synchondrosis
Movements: limited
Facets: proc. lenticularis, caput stapedis
Type: spheroid, syndesmosis
Movements: limited
Lig. mallei superius
Lig. mallei laterale
Lig. mallei anterius
Lig. incudis superius
Lig. incudis posterius
Lig. anulare stapedis
Membrana stapedia
Connections of the ossicles MUSCULUS TENSOR TYMPANI
O: semicanalis m. tensoris tym.
I: manubrium mallei
In: n. mandibularis
F: tension of the TM
MUSCULUS STAPEDIUS
O: eminentia pyramidalis
I: crus posterius stapedis
In: n. VII
F: removes the stapes from fenestra vestibuli, relaxation of TM
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CAVUM TYMPANI (mucosa)
Plica chordae tympani:
Plica mallearis ant. (proc. anterior mallei)
Plica mallearis post. (from collum mallei posteriorly)
Plica incudis, stapedis
Recessus membranae tympani:
anterior (TM – plica mallearis ant.)
posterior (TM – plica mallearis post.)
superior (Prussak´s space)
(lat.: pars flaccida TM; med.: collum mallei;
cran.: lig. mallei lat.; caudal.: recessus post.)
TUBA AUDITIVA
connects:
cavum tympani with pharynx
3,5-4 cm
Ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae
(paries caroticus TM)
Ostium pharyngeum tubae auditivae
(nasopharynx)
TUBA AUDITIVA
Pars ossea tubae auditivae
Semicanalis tubae auditivae (canalis musculotubarius)
Pars cartilaginea tubae auditivae
Isthmus tubae auditivae
OSTIUM PHARYNGEUM TUBAE AUDITIVAE
Plica salpingopalatina
Torus levatorius
Torus tubarius
Plica salpingopharyngea
Tonsilla tubaria
Cells in processus mastoideus
Antrum mastoideum
Lined with mucosa
Relation to sinus sigmoideus
CELLULAE MASTOIDAE LABYRINTHUS OSSEUS
Vestibulum
Canales semicirculares
Cochlea
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VESTIBULUM
Medial wall: Crista vestibuli (pyramis vestibuli)
Recessus ellipticus (utriculi), macula cribrosa superior
Recessus sphericus (sacculi), macula cribrosa media
Recessus cochlearis, macula cribrosa inferior
Lateral wall: Fenestra vestibuli (fenestra et canaliculus cochlae)
VESTIBULUM
Superior wall: canalis semicircularis lat.
(crus ampullare, crus simplex)
canalis semicircularis ant.
(crus ampullare, crus commune))
Posterior wall: canalis semicircularis post.
(crus ampullare)
Anterior wall: scala vestibuli
Inferior wall: lamina spiralis ossea
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CANALES SEMICIRCULARES
canalis semicircularis lat.
crus ampullare , crus simplex
(in transverse plane)
canalis semicircularis ant.
crus ampullare, crus commune
(perpendicular to axis of pyramis)
canalis semicircularis post.
crus ampullare, crus commune
(parallel with axis of pyramis)
In three perpendicular planes
COCHLEA
Cupula cochleae
Basis cochlae
Canalis spiralis cochlea
Lamina spiralis ossea
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Tr. spiralis foraminosus
Modiolus
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Modiolus, canalis spiralis cochlae
Canales longitudinales modioli (tr. spiralis foraminosus)
Lamina spiralis ossa
Canalis spiralis modioli (ganglion spirale cochlae)
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Utriculus
Sacculus
Ductus semicirculares
Ductus utriculosaccularis
Ductus reuniens
Ductus endolymphaticus
Ductus cochlearis
LABYRINTHUS MEMBRANACEUS
SACCULUS, UTRICULUS
Static organ (sense of the change of posture)
macula statica sacculi (sagit.) et utriculi (trans.)
Hair cells – statolithy (otolithy)
DUCTUS SEMICIRCULARES
Kinetic organ (chages of movements)
ampulla membranacea
cristae ampullares
DUCTUS COCHLEARIS
Caecum cupulare (cupula cochlae)
Caecum vestibulare (recessus cochlearis)
Scala vestibuli et scala tympani
Helicotrema
Endolymph, perilymph
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Ductus
cochlearisMembrana
tectoria
membrana basilaris
membrana vestibularis
Organ
of Corti
DUCTUS COCHLEARIS
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pars cochlearis
pars vestibularis
nervus utriculoampullaris
nervus saccularis
nervus ampullaris post.
NERVUS VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS
Area vestibularis sup. - n. utriculoampullaris
Area vestibularis inf. - n. saccularis,
foramen singulare (n. ampullaris post.)
FUNDUS MEATUS ACUSTICI INTERNI
introitus
can. n. VII
area
cochlea
area
vestibul.
sup.
area
vestibul.
inf.
NERVUS VESTIBULOCOCHLEARIS
References:
Čihák R: Anatomie 3. Avicenum, zdravotnické nakladatelství, Praha, 1988.
Netter F. H.: Interactive Atlas of Clinical Anatomy. Illinois, 1997
Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta.
Putz,R., und Pabst, R. 20. Auflage. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993
Grim, R. et al.: Základy anatomie 4a CNS. Galén, 2014.