Development and teratology of cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
8.3.2021
Anna Mac Gillavry

Development of the heart
Formation of primary heart field
•WHEN? - middle of the 3rd week (day 16)
•WHAT? - progenitor heart cells
•WHERE? - from epiblast through the primitive streak to the visceral layer of lateral plate
mesoderm
•DO WHAT? - form PHF

D31E9A83-DBEB-4A2E-BA06-D61ECCA2602C-L0-001.jpeg
•T.W. Sadler, Langman´s medical embryology, 14th edition


Formation of the heart tube
•WHEN? - day 20-22
•WHAT? - the paired heart tubes
•WHERE? - thoracic region
•DO WHAT? - the caudal portion fuse except for the caudalmost part




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•https://www.drawittoknowit.com/course/embryology/glossary/developmental-process/heart-tube-looping


•WHEN? - day 23-28
•WHAT? - the primitive heart tube
•DO WHAT? - cephalic portion bends ventrally, caudally and to the right; caudal portion bends
dorsally, cranially and to the left




https://youtu.be/a0qyagIgBPw



PHF portion of atria and the entire left ventricle



Formation of the cardiac septa
•WHEN? - day 27-37
•WHAT? – septum in the common atrium
 – septum in the atrioventricular canal
 – septum in the truncus arteriosus and conus cordis
 – septum in ventricles

Septum in the common atrium



Septum in the atrioventricular canal



Right superior truncus swelling grows distally to the left; left inferior truncus swelling grows
distally to the right


Congenital heart defects (CHDs)

In 1% of live born infants

 (a) Normal and (b–e) abnormal septation and alignment of the outflow tract. (b) Double outlet
right ventricle (DORV). (c) Transposition of the great arteries (TGA). (d) Persistent truncus
arteriosus (PTA). (e) Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).