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Department of Anatomy
Overview of the arteries and veins,
Lymphatic system
MUDr. Marek Joukal, Ph.D.
Arteriae
(terminales, collaterales)
Arteriolae
Vasa capillaria (7-15 µm)
Venulae
Venae
Anastomoses
Vasa (vessels)
ARTERY VEIN
tunica intima
(endotel, elastin)
tunica media
(muscular)
tunica externa
(adventicia)
vasa vasorum
MORPHOLOGY OF THE WALL
valvulae
venosae
TRUNCUS PULMONALIS
arteria pulmonalis dx. et sin. (angle 1800)
vv. pulmonales dextrae et sinistrae (sup. et inf.)
lig. arteriosum (ductus arteriosus)
AORTA
L4 (bifurcatio aortae)
AORTA ASCENDENS
ARCUS AORTAE
AORTA DESCENDENS
Aorta thoracica
Aorta abdominalis
Th3
2. art. sternocostalis dx. AORTA ASCENDENS Arteria coronaria cordis dx. et sin.
Bulbus aortae
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ARCUS AORTAE
truncus brachiocephalicus (art. sternoclavicularis dx.)
arteria carotis communis sin.
arteria subclavia sin.
ARTERIA CAROTIS COMMUNIS
A. carotis interna et externa
Trigonum caroticum
Glomus caroticum (chemoreceptor)
C4
ARTERIA CAROTIS EXTERNA
Ventral branches:
a. thyroidea sup.
a. lingualis
a. facialis
Dorsal branches:
a. occipitalis
a. auricularis post.
Medial branches:
a. pharyngea asc.
Lateral branches:
a. sternocleidomastoidea
Terminal branches:
a. maxillaris
a. temporalis spf.
a. laryngea sup.
r. cricothyroideus
rr. glandulares
(r. infrahyoideus)
(r. sternocleidomastoideus)
ARTERIA THYROIDEA SUP.
Béclard´s angle
Trigonum Pirogowi
ARTERIA LINGUALIS
r. suprahyoideus
a. sublingualis
rr. dorsales linguae
a. profunda linguae
ARTERIA FACIALIS
a. palatina ascendens, r. tonsillaris
a. submentalis, rr. glandulares
a. labialis sup. et inf.
(circulus arteriosus oris)
a. alaris nasi
a. angularis
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ARTERIA PHARYNGEA ASCENDENS
rr. pharyngei
a. meningea post. (foramen jugulare)
a. tympanica inf. (canaliculus tympanicus)
ARTERIA OCCIPITALIS rr. musculares (r. sternocleidom.)
r. auricularis
r. mastoideus
rr. occipitales
rr. musculares
rr. glandulares
r. auricularis
a. stylomastoidea
- a. tympanica post.
- rr. mastoidei
- r. stapedialis
r. occipitalis
A. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDEA
A. AURICULARIS POST. rr. parotidei
a. transversa faciei
rr. auriculares ant.
a. zygomaticoorbitalis
a. temporalis media
r. frontalis
r. parietalis
ARTERIA TEMPORALIS SUPERFICIALIS
A. MAXILLARIS Pars mandibularis
a. meningea media
a. alveolaris inf.
r. mylohyoideus
rr. dentales
rr. gingivales
a. mentalis
a. auricularis prof.
a. tympanica ant.
pars mandibularis
pars pterygoidea
pars pterygopalatina
ARTERIA MAXILLARIS
Pars pterygoidea
a. masseterica
aa. temporales prof.
rr. pterygoidei
a. bucalis
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a. infraorbitalis
a. alveolaris sup. post.
a. palatina descendens
a. canalis pterygoidei
a. sphenopalatina
A. MAXILLARIS - pars pterygopalatina
Fissura scalenorum
Pars intrascalenica (med.)
Pars interscalenica (post.)
Pars extrascalenica (lat.)
ARTERIA SUBCLAVIA
Sulcus a. subclaviae
cupula pleurae
costa prima
Pars intrascalenica:
a. vertebralis
a. thoracica interna
tr. thyreocervicalis
Pars interscalenica:
tr. costocervicalis
Pars extrascalenica:
a. transversa colli
ARTERIA SUBCLAVIA rr. spinales
rr. musculares
a. basilaris
aa. cerebri post.
ARTERIA VERTEBRALIS
a. musculophrenica
a. epigastrica sup.
aa. intercostales ant.
(rr. perforantes, rr. mammarii)
a. pericardiacophrenica
rr. mediastinales
(aa. thymicae, rr. bronchiales,
rr. sternales)
ARTERIA THORACICA INTERNA
A. pericardiacophrenica
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a. thyroidea inf.
a. cervicalis ascendens
a. cervicalis spf.
a. suprascapularis
TRUNCUS THYREOCERVICALIS
a. cervicalis prof.
a. intercostalis suprema
TRUNCUS COSTOCERVICALIS
ARTERIA TRANSVERSA COLLI
r. ascendens (superficialis)
r. descendens (profundus)
= a. dorsalis scapulae
Parietal branches
aa. intercostales post. (VAN)
a. subcostalis
a. phrenica sup.
Visceral branches:
rr. bronchiales
rr. oesophagei
rr. pericardiaci
AORTA THORACICA
AORTA ABDOMINALIS
Parietal branches
a. phrenica inf.
(a. suprarenalis sup.)
4 aa. lumbales
a. sacralis mediana
(a. lumbalis ima,
rr. sacrales)
Visceral branches - paired
a. suprarenalis media
a. renalis
r. uretericus
a. suprarenalis inf.
rr. praepelvici
r. retropelvicus
a. testicularis (a. ovarica)
rr. ureterici
(r. tubarius)
AORTA ABDOMINALIS
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AORTA ABDOMINALIS
Visceral branches – unpaired
truncus coeliacus Th12
a. mesenterica sup. L1
a. mesenterica inf. L3
TRUNCUS COELIACUS
a. gastrica sin.
a. hepatica communis
a. hepatica propria
a. gastrica dx.
r. dexter (a. cystica)
r. sinister
a. gastroduodenalis
a. gastroepiploica dx.
a. pancreaticoduodenalis. sup.
a. lienalis
rr. pancreatici
a. gastroepiploica sin.
aa. gastricae breves
rr. lienales
ARTERIA LIENALIS ARTERIA MESENTERICA SUP.
a. pancreaticoduodenalis inf.
aa. jejunales et ilei (10-18)
a. ileocolica
a. colica dx.
a. colica media
a. colica sinistra
aa. sigmoideae
a. rectalis sup.
anastomosis magna
(Halleri)
ARTERIA MESENTERICA INFERIOR ARTERIA ILIACA COMMUNIS
(bifurcatio aortae L4)
A. iliaca externa
A. iliaca interna
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Parietal branches
a. Iliolumbalis
a. sacralis lat.
a. obturatoria
(r. pubicus - corona mortis)
a. glutaea sup.
a. glutaea inf.
a. pudenda interna
ARTERIA ILIACA INTERNA
a. rectalis inf.
a. perinealis – rr. scrotales post.
(rr.labiales post.)
a. penis (a. clitoridis)
a. profunda penis (clitoridis)
a. dorsalis penis (clitoridis)
ARTERIA PUDENDA INTERNA
Visceral branches
aa. vesicales sup.
(a. umbilicalis)
a. vesicalis inf.
a. rectalis media
♂ a. ductus deferentis
♀ a. uterina
ARTERIA ILIACA INTERNA
a. epigastrica inf.
r. pubicus (corona mortis)
a. cremasterica
(a. ligamenti teretis)
a. circumflexa ilium profunda
ARTERIA ILIACA EXTERNA
VEINS
v. cava superior
v. cava inferior
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VENA CAVA SUPERIOR VENAE BRACHIOCEPHALICAE
Angulus venosus dx. a sin.
vv. thyroideae inferiores – plexus thyroideus impar
vv. thymicae, vv. mediastinales, vv. pericardiacae
v. vertebralis
v. thoracica interna
v. intercostalis suprema
Vena jugularis interna
• INTRACRANIAL TRIBUTARIES
(region supplied by a. carotis interna)
• EXTRACRANIAL TRIBUTARIES
(region supplied by a. carotis externa)
Intracranial tributaries
venae cerebri
venae emissariae
venae diploicae
venae ophtalmicae
Anterior (separately, from stem…)
• v. facialis
• v. lingualis
• v. thyroidea superior
• v. thyroidea media
Medial
v. pharyngea (plexus pharyngeus)
Vena jugularis externa
• v. auricularus posterior
• v. occipitalis
vena retromandibularis
• v. temporalis superficialis
• v. maxillaris (plexus pterygoideus)
Extracranial tributaries
Žíly hloubky obličeje
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Vena jugularis anterior Venae pharyngeae
(plexus pharyngeus)
VENA CAVA SUPERIOR
Vena subclavia
V. transversa colli
v. suprascapularis
v. cava inferior
v. iliaca comm. sin.v. iliaca comm. dx.
v. iliaca ext.
v. iliaca int.
LE
pelvis
abdomen
L4-5
Parietal:
vv. iliacae communes
vv. lumbales
v. sacralis mediana
vv. phrenicae inferiores
Visceral:
vv. renales
vv. suprarenales
vv. testiculares/ovaricae – R: v.cava inferior, L: v. renalis sin.
vv. hepaticae
ductus venosus (fetal blood circulation)
Vena iliacae communes
v. iliaca externa
v. epigastrica inf., v. cirkumflex ilium profunda
v. iliaca interna
parietal tributaries:
vv. iliolumbales, vv. sacrales lat.,
vv. gluteae sup. et inf., vv. pudendae internae
visceral tributaries:
plexus venosus sacralis, vesicalis, uterinus,
prostaticus, vaginalis, rectalis
v. hemiazygos accessoria
v. lumbalis asc. dx.
vv. lumbales
v. subcostalis dx.
v. azygos
v. hemiazygos
Th 4
Th 7-9
Cavo-caval anastomoses
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VENA CAVA INFERIOR
Vena portae
Vv. cysticae
V. gastrica sinistra
V gastrica dextra
Vena mesenterica superior
• Vv. pancereaticoduodenales
• Vv. pancreaticae
• V. gastroomentalis dextra
• Vv. jejunales et ileales
• V. ileocolica
• V. colica dextra et media
Vena lienalis
• Vv. gastricae breves
• V. gastroomentalis sinistra
• Vv. pancreaticae
• V. mesenterica inferior
• V. rectalis superior
• Vv. sigmoideae
• V. colica sinistra
L2
Porto-caval anastomoses
1. vv. gastricae et vv. esophageae
2. vv. paraumbilacales – „caput Medusae“
3. Burow´s veins – plexus venosus vesicalis –
paraumbilical veins
4. Rectal amastoses
5. Retroperitoneal anastomoses – Retzius veins
6. Diaphragmatic veins and small veins from area nuda
Fetal blood
circulation ■ lympha 1,5-2l/day
■ lymphatic vessels (vasa lymphatica)
■ lymphatic nodes (nodi lymphatici)
■ lymphaatic organs
capillaries (vasa lymphocapillaria)
Lymphatic net (rete lymphocapillare)
collector vessels(collectores lymphatici)
trunks (trunci lymphatici)
tonsillae
spleen
thymus
Lymphatic system
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vas afferens
vas efferens
tr. subclavius sin.
tr. intestinalis
tr.lumbalis
dx.
tr. jugularis
sin.
tr. bronchomediast. sin.
tr. lumbalis sin.
DUCTUS THORACICUS
L1-2
tr. jugularis
dx.
tr. subclavius dx.
tr. bronchomediast. dx.
DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER
● nodi lymphatici occipitales
● nodi lymphatici retroauriculares
● nodi lymphatici parotidei
● nodi lymphatici submandibulares
● nodi lymphatici submentales
● nodi lymphatici retropharyngei
nll. cervicales
superficiales
nll. cervicales profundi
• superficiales
alongside vena jugularis externa
• profundi
alongside vena jugularis interna
alongside nervus accesorius
alongside arteria transversa coli
(supraclavicular)
• anteriores
superficial - alongside vena jugularis anterior
deep – around larynx, trachea, thyroid gland
Nodi lymphatici cervicales
n.l. axillares
● n.l. laterales (brachiales)
● n.l. subscapulares
● n.l. pectorales
(n.l. interpectorales)
● n.l. centrales
● n.l. apicales
truncus subclavius
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Funkce uzlinyLymphatic vessels of the thorax
1) Lymphatic nodes and vessels of the lungs
• n.l. pulmonales et bronchiales,
• n.l. tracheobronchiales et tracheales
2) N.l. mediastinales anteriores
R: alongside the v. cava superior
and n. phrenicus
L: arcus aortae, n. phrenicus
3) N.l. mediastinales posteriores
4) N.l. parasternales – vasa thoracica interna
5) N.l. intercostales
Lymphatic drainage of the breast
Lymphatic nodes of the
abdominal cavity
nodi lymphatici iliaci comm.
nodi lymphatici lumbales
parietal
visceral from paired organs
truncus lumbalis dx. et
sin.
nodi lymphatici coeliaci
Lymphatic nodes of the unpaired organs
• gastrici
• gastroepiploici
• hepatici
• pancreaticoduodenales
• pancreatici
• lienales
• mesenterici
• ileocolici
• colici
• mesenterici inferiores
truncus
intestinalis
Lymphatic vessels of the pelvis
• nodi lymphatici iliaci externi
• nodi lymphatici iliaci interni
parietal - sacrales
visceral - paravesicales
parauterini
paravaginales
(paraprostatici)
pararectales
References:
Putz, R. (2008):
Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books.
Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley (2005):
Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Williams and
Wilkins.
Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992):
Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag,
Stuttgart,
New York, 4th edition.
Čihák, R. (1987):
Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické
nakladatelství.
Netter, F. H. (1997):
Interactive Atlas of Clinical Anatomy. Novartis,
USA.