Otorhinolaryngology exam – question list
Oral exam questions are dividend into the three sections:
I. Ear + salivary glands - red 21
II. Airways - blue 25
III. Swallowing pathways + neck - green 23
EAR
1. Anatomy of the Ear, Hearing Function, Examination of the Ear
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Ear - External, Middle, Inner Ear
b. Hearing Function (Conductive and Sensory system, Auditory Pathways)
c. Oto(micro)scopy - Normal Findings - figure
d. Imaging Methods of the Ear and Temporal Bone (X-ray, CT)
2. Examination of the Auditory System
a. Classification of Hearing Disorders
b. Clinical Examination of Hearing by Speech Test and Tuning Fork
c. Pure-tone Threshold Audiometry – fig.
d. Speech Audiometry – fig.
3. Function and Examination of the Vestibular System
a. Vestibular Function
b. Examination of the Vestibular System
c. Peripheral And Central Vestibular Syndrome And Their Diagnosis of
4. Objective Audiometry
a. Tympanometry - figure
b. Otacoustic Emissions
c. Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR)
5. Peripheral Palsy of the Facial Nerve
a. Clinical Anatomy and Function of the Facial Nerve
b. Topographic Diagnosis of Peripheral Paresis of the Facial Nerve
6. Congenital Anomalies and Diseases of the External Ear
a. Congenital Anomalies of the Ear
b. Obstructive Ear Wax
c. Inflammation of the Auricle and External Auditory Canal
7. Ear Tumors
a. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the External Ear
b. Tumors of the Middle Ear (Tympanojugular Paraganglioma)
c. Vestibular Schwannoma of the VIIIth Nerve
8. Acute Otitis Media
a. Ventilation and Drainage of the Middle Ear (Eustachian Tube’s Function)
b. Acute Tubotympanic Catarrh
c. Acute Otitis Media
9. Otitis media with effusion (OME)
10. Mastoiditis
11. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM)
a. Chronic Mesotympanic Otitis Media
b. Chronic Epitympanic Otitis Media, Cholesteatoma
12. Complications of Otitis Media
a. Otogenic Intratemporal complications (conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, subperiosteal abscess,
paralysis n.VII, pertositis, labyrinth fistula, labyrinthitis)
b. Intracranial Complications (Limited Pachymeningitis, Sigmoid Sinus Periflebitis And Thrombosis,
Leptomeningitis, Subdural Empyema, Brain Abscess)
13. Sannative And Reconstructive Middle Ear Surgery In Case of Chronic Otitis Media And Their Consequences
14. Otosclerosis
15. Traumatology of the Middle and Inner Ear
a. Direct And Indirect Injuries to the Tymmpanic Membrane And Middle Ear
b. Temporal Bone Fractures
c. Labyrinthine Concussion Syndrome
d. Acoustic Trauma, Barotrauma
e. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (Proffesional Hearing Loss), Pesbyacusis
16. Sensorineural Hearing And Balance Disorders
a. Ménière’s Disease
b. Infectious Disorders of Hearing And Balance (Viral labyrintitis and Vestibular Neuritis, Herpes Zooster Oticus)
c. Toxic Cochleovestibular Disorders (Ototoxicity)
d. Sudden Idiopathic SNHL
17. Hearing Rehabilitation
a. Hearing Aids
b. Implants for Direct Bone Conduction (BAHA, Bonebridge™ etc.)
c. Cochlear Implants
NOSE
1. Anatomy of the Nose And Paranasal Sinuses, Function of the Nose and Sinuses, Examination of the Nose
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Nose And Sinuses
b. Function of the Nose And Sinuses
2. Examination Methods of the Nose And Sinuses
a. Physiological Findings
b. Anterior Rhinoscopy, Posterior Rhinoscopy, Endoscopy
c. Examination of Nasal Patency
d. Imaging of the Nose And Sinuses
3. Congenital Anomalies of the Nose And Sinuses
a. Facial Clefts
b. Nasal Stenosis And Atresia
4. Diseases of the Nasal Septum
a. Septal Deviation, Hematoma, Abscess, Perforation
5. Diseases of the External Nose
a. Eczema, Foliculutis, / Furunculus Nasi, Rhinophyma
6. Acute Rhinosinusitis
a. Definition, Terminology and Classification According to EPOS
7. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with/without Nasal Polyposis
a. Definition, Terminology, Therapy, Classification According to EPOS
8. Principles of the Surgery of Paranasal Sinuses
a. The FESS Concept
b. Types of Endoscopic Procedures vs External Approaches (C.-L.)
9. Complications of Rhinosinusitis
a. Local Complications (Cysts, Mucoceles)
b. Orbital Complications
c. Intracranial Complications
10. Epistaxis
11. Smell Disorders
a. Anatomy of the Olfactory Organ
b. The Diagnostics of Olfactory Disorders
c. Olfactory Function And Its Disorders
12. Injuries of the Nose And Paranasal Sinuses
a. Fractures of the Nasal Bones
b. Other Mid-facial Fractures
13. Tumors of the Nose And Paranasal Sinuses
a. Benign Tumors (Osteoma, Papilloma, Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma)
b. Malignant Tumors (External Nose, Nasal Cavity And Sinuses)
14. Diseases of the Orbit
a. Inflammatory Diseases, Tumors, Injuries
b. Surgical Procedures
PHARYNX
1. Anatomy And Examination of the Oral Cavity And Pharynx
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx (Anatomy of the Oral Cavity And Pharynx, Waldayer's
Lymphatic Ring, Topographic Relations)
b. Pharyngeal Function (Proces sof Swallowing, Waldayer’s Ring‘s Function, Taste)
2. Examination of the Oral Cavity, Pharynx and Oesophagus
a. Physiological Findings
b. Clinical Examination, Endoscopy
c. Imaging
d. Examination of Taste
3. Hypertrophy of the Lymphoepithelial Organ sof the Pharynx
a. Adenoid Hypertrophy
b. Tonsillar Hyperplasia
4. Adenoidectomy
a. Indications
b. Technique of Adenoidectomy
c. Complications of Adenoidectomy
5. Inflammation of the Pharynx
a. Classification
b. Acute Pharyngitis
c. Chronic Pharyngitis
6. Acute Inflammation of the Waldeyer Lymphatic Ring
a. Acute Tonsillitis
b. Symptomatic Tonsillitis (Infectious Mononucleosis, Measles, Herpangina)
7. Chronic Pharyngitis
a. Chronic Tonsillitis
8. Tonsillectomy
a. Indications
b. Pronciples of Tonsillectomy
c. Complications
d. Tonsillotomy
9. Complications of Tonsillitis
a. Peritonsillar Cellulitis And Abscess
b. Tosillar Sepsis
c. Retropharyngeal and Parapharyngeal Abscess
10. Nasopharyngeal Tumours
a. Benign Tumours (Juvenile Angiofibroma)
b. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
11. Tumors of the Oropharynx and Oral Cavity
a. Histology, Symptoms, Diagnosis
12. Surgical Procedures in Oropharyngeal Tumours
a. Transoral Approaches
b. External Approaches
13. Snorring And Sleep Apnea Syndrome
a. Diagnosis, Treatment
LARYNX, HYPOPHARYNX, OESOPHAGUS
1. Anatomy and function of the larynx, trachea and tracheobronchial tree
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Larynx, Trachea And Tracheobronchial Tree
b. Laryngeal, Tracheal and Tracheobronchial Tree Functions
2. Examination of the Larynx, Trachea and Tracheobronchial Tree
a. Physiological Findings
b. Indirect And Direct Laryngoscopy
c. Tracheobronchoscopy
3. Disorders of Laryngeal Innervation
a. Paralysis of the Upper Laryngeal Nerve
b. Paralysis of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve - Unilateral / Bilateral
4. Congenital Anomalies and Injuries of the Larynx And Trachea
a. Laryngomalatia, Laryngocele, Laryngeal Stenosis
b. Trauma (Acute And Chronic Vocal Cord’s Trauma, the Contact Granuloma, Intubation Injury, External Trauma)
c. Foreign Bodies
5. Acute Laryngitis
a. Acute Subglottic Laryngitis
b. Acute Epiglottitis
6. Benign Lesions of the Larynx
a. Chronic Laryngitis
b. Vocal Cord Polyps, Reinke's Oedema, Retention Cysts
c. Precancerous Conditions - Dysplasia
7. Malignant Tumors of the Larynx
a. Laryngeal Carcinoma - Histology, Symptomatology, Diagnostics
8. Surgical Procedures on the Larynx
a. Endoscopic
b. External Approaches
c. Alternative Phonation Mechanisms in Laryngectomees
9. Malignant Tumors of the Hypopharynx
10. Tracheotomy (incl. Indications)
11. Voice and Speech
a. Voice Production
b. Examination of the Voice
c. Voice Disorders
d. Voice Rehabilitation
e. Basic Speech Disorders
12. Oesophagus
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Oesophagus
b. Oesophageal Examination (imaging methods, endoscopy, manomerism)
c. Congenital Stenoses And Fistulas, Achalasia
13. Diseases of the Oesophagus
a. Oesophageal Caustic Injuries
b. Oesophageal Foreign Bodies
c. Diverticles of the Hypopharynx And Oesophagus
d. Bleeding from the Hypopharynx And Oesophagus
EXTERNAL NECK, SALIVARY GLANDS, THYROID
1. Anatomy And Examination Methods of the Neck
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Neck
b. Examination of the Neck Region
2. Cervical Cysts And Fistulas
3. Neck Lymphadenopathy
a. Reactive Cervical Lymphadenitis
b. Lymphadenitis With Changes in the Blood Count
c. Specific Lymphadenitis
4. Neck Tumours
a. Benign Tumours (Lipoma, Carotid Body Tumour)
b. Primary Malignancies
c. Neck Metastasis And Occult Primary
5. Deep Neck Infections
a. Examination And Diagnosis
b. Treatment Principles
6. Neck Dissection
a. Classification of Neck Dissections
7. Thyroid gland
a. Clinical Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland
b. Thyroid Function
c. Diagnosis of Thyroid Tumours
d. Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism And Thyroiditis
8. Thyroid Gland Tumours
a. Classification of Thyroid Tumours
b. Principles of Surgical Treatment
c. Complications of Surgical Treatment
9. Anatomy And examination of salivary glands
a. Surgical Anatomy of Salivary Glands And Facial Nerve
b. Diagnosis of the Salivary Gland Disorders (Clinical Examination, Imaging Methods)
10. Inflammation And Non-Tumour Diseases of the Salivary Glands
a. Viral Sialoadenitis (Parotitis Epidemica)
b. Bacterial Sialoadenitis
c. Sialolithiasis
11. Tumours of Salivary Glands
a. Benign Tumours of Salivary Glands
b. Malignant Tumours of Salivary Glands
12. Surgical Treatment of Salivary Gland Tumours
a. Types of Salivary Gland Procedures
b. Complications of Surgical Treatment