Nerve tissue
Neurons
Glial cells
CNS: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes,
ependymal cells, microglia
PNS: satellite cells, Schwann´s cells
Synapse
Myelinization
Hemato-encephalic barrier
Neuron – Classification
According to the number of processes
- unipolar
- pseudounipolar
- bipolar
- multipolar
According to the function
- sensitive (afferent, centripetal)
somatosensitive or viscerosensitive
- motor (efferent, centrifugal) - from
CNS to effectors (muscles, glands)
somatomotor or visceromotor
- interneurons (associative) - represent
about 97% of all neurons
Shapes of the neuron bodies
spindle-shaped vertical
and Cajal's
horizontal cells cerebral
cortex
Purkynje cells
cerebellum
Neurons of
spinal ganglia
pyramidal cells
- cerebral cortex
motor neurons of
spinal cord
Cortex cerebri
Cortex cerebri – pyramidal cells – multipolar neurons
Cortex cerebri – pyramidal cells – multipolar neurons
impregnation
Cerebellum (impregnation)
arbor vitae
white matter
gray matter
Cerebellum – Purkinje cell
stratum moleculare
stratum granulosum
Cerebellum - Nissl bodies in Purkinje cells (Nissl staining)
GM
WM
somatomotoric multipolar
neurons
Medulla spinalis
gray matter - somatomotoric
multipolar neurons
white matter myelinated
axons
Medulla spinalis
axon
hillock
Nissl
bodies
Somatomotoric multipolar neuron – medulla spinalis
Medulla spinalis – ependymal cells
gray
matter
white matter
Ganglion spinale (DRG)
pseudounipolar
neurons
15
Ganglion spinale (DRG) – pseudounipolar neuron
satellite cells
Schwann cells
Vegetative ganglion – ganglion cells (multipolar neurons), satellite cells
Ganglionic cells with
lipofuscin
Peripheral nerve
endoneurium
perineurium
epineurium
myelinated axons
nerve
bundles
Peripheral nerve
- myelin sheath
- Schwann sheathnuclei of Schwann
cells
Peripheral nerve – longitudinal section
node of Ranvier
axons
internodium (myelin segment) : 1-1.5 mm
Myelin sheaths with nodes of Ranvier – peripheral nerve (OsO4)
Axons with myelin and Schwann sheath
nucleus of
Schwann cell
myelin
sheath
Development of myelin sheath
http://lecannabiculteur.free.fr/SITES/UNIV%20W.AUSTRALIA/mb140/CorePages/Nervous/Nervous.htm#CNS
Synapse
NEUROTRANSMITTERS
axon terminals
motor
end-plate
muscle
fibers
Motor end-plates in motor unit
Motor end-plates (localization of acetylcholinesterase)
Slides:
Pyramidal cell (75, 76. Cortex cerebri)
Purkinje cell (77. Cerebellum)
Nissl substance (78. Cerebellum or 79. Medulla spinalis)
Somatomotoric multipolar neuron (79. Medulla spinalis)
Pseudounipolar neuron (81. Ganglion spinale)
Peripheral nerve (84, 85. Peripheral nerve – cross section)
Peripheral nerve (86, 87. Peripheral nerve – longitudinal section)
Atlas EM:
Neuron – cortex cerebri (3, 48), Purkinje neuron (49)
Oligodendrocyte (50)
Synapse (51)
Peripheral nerves (53, 54)
NERVE TISSUE