Medical Microbiology - List of Questions General bacteriology 1. Bacterial cell (morphology, staining reactions, classification of bacteria) 2. Anatomy of the bacterial cell I – contents of cytoplasm, cytoplasmatic membrane 3. Anatomy of the bacterial cell II – cell wall, capsule, flagella, fimbriae, pili 4. Anatomy of the bacterial cell III – bacterial spores 5. Microbial growth, incl. conditions required 6. Microbial metabolism 7. Media for microbial growth - examples 8. Sterilization 9. Disinfection 10. Mechanisms of antimicrobial drug action 11. Inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis 12. Inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis 13. Inhibitors of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis 14. The strategy of antimicrobial chemotherapy 15. Bacterial genetics 16. Pathogenicity & virulence 17. Colonization & invasion 18. Avoidance of host defence mechanisms 19. Bacterial toxins & aggressins 20. Antigens, incl. antigen recognition & examples of bacterial antigens 21. Immunoglobulins 22. Antibody function in infection 23. Immune system 24. Innate immunity - characteristics & humoral mechanisms 25. Innate immunity - barriers & cell-mediated mechanisms 26. Acquired immunity - general characteristics 27. Acquired immunity - humoral immunity 28. Acquired immunity - cell-mediated immunity 29. Immunodeficiency 30. Immunity in bacterial infections 31. Passive immunization 32. Active immunization Special bacteriology 1. Staphylococcus aureus 2. Coagulase-negative staphylococci 3. Streptococcus pyogenes 4. Beta-haemolytic streptococci other than Streptococcus pyogenes 5. Streptococcus pneumoniae 6. Enterococci & alpha-haemolytic streptococci other than Streptococcus pneumoniae 7. Corynebacterium 8. Listeria monocytogenes 9. Mycobacterium tuberculosis 10. Mycobacterium leprae 11. Atypical mycobacteria 12. Actinomyces & Nocardia 13. Bacillus 14. Clostridium botulinum 15. Clostridium tetani 16. Clostridia other than Clostridium botulinum & Clostridium tetani 17. Neisseria gonorrhoeae 18. Neisseria meningitidis 19. Salmonella Typhi 20. Salmonellae other than Salmonella Typhi 21. Shigella 22. Escherichia coli 23. Facultative pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae (other than Escherichia coli) 24. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25. Pseudomonas mallei & Pseudomonas pseudomallei 26. Campylobacter 27. Helicobacter pylori 28. Vibrio 29. Haemophilus 30. Bordetella 31. Legionella 32. Brucella 33. Yersinia 34. Francisella tularensis 35. Bacteroides & other non-sporing anaerobes 36. Treponema pallidum 37. Borrelia 38. Leptospira 39. Chlamydia 40. Rickettsia, Coxiella & Ehrlichia 41. Mycoplasma pneumoniae 42. Urogenital mycoplasmas Virology 1. Composition of viruses 2. Virus–cell interactions 3. Antiviral agents 4. Interferons 5. Humoral immunity to viral infections 6. Cell-mediated immunity to viral infections 7. Immunopathology in viral infections 8. Adenoviruses 9. Herpes simplex virus 10. Varicella-zoster virus 11. Epstein-Barr virus 12. Cytomegalovirus 13. Poxviruses 14. Papillomaviruses 15. Hepatitis B virus 16. Non-A, non-B hepatitis viruses 17. Parvoviruses 18. Poliovirus 19. Enteroviruses other than poliovirus 20. Hepatitis A virus 21. Orthomyxoviruses 22. Respiratory syncytial virus & parainfluenza viruses 23. Mumps virus 24. Measles virus 25. Arboviruses: alphaviruses 26. Arboviruses: flaviviruses 27. Arboviruses: bunyaviruses 28. Rubella virus 29. Arenaviruses 30. Filoviruses 31. Reoviruses & rotaviruses 32. Human immunodeficiency virus & other retroviruses 33. Caliciviruses, astroviruses & "small round structured" viruses 34. Coronaviruses 35. Rhabdoviruses 36. Agents of spongiform encephalopathies (prions) Mycology & parasitology 1. Fungi & fungal diseases of man 2. Dermatophytes & ringworm infections 3. Superficial mycoses other than ringworm & candidosis 4. Subcutaneous mycoses 5. Coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis & paracoccidioidomycosis 6. Cryptococcosis, aspergillosis, systemic candidosis & zygomycosis 7. Antifungal drugs 8. Candida 9. Pneumocystis carinii 10. Malaria parasites 11. Toxoplasma gondii & Cryptosporidium parvum 12. Entamoeba histolytica 13. Giardia lamblia 14. Trichomonas vaginalis 15. Trypanosoma 16. Leishmania 17. Ascaris lumbricoides & other intestinal nematodes 18. Tissue nematodes 19. Trematodes 20. Cestodes Clinical microbiology 1. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infections 2. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of pneumonias 3. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of ear infections 4. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of eye infections 5. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of gastro-intestinal infections 6. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of food poisoning 7. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of liver infections 8. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of acute purulent meningitis 9. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of acute aseptic meningitis 10. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of chronic meningitis & brain abscesses 11. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infections 12. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of traditional venereal diseases 13. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of non-specific sexually transmitted diseases 14. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of wound infections 15. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of sepsis 16. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of bone & joint infections 17. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of skin infections 18. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of immunodeficiencies & opportune infections 19. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of congenital & neonatal infections 20. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of nosocomial (hospital) infections