OralOral andand maxillofacialmaxillofacial
surgerysurgery I.I.
Dental specialityDental speciality thatthat dealsdeals withwith
diagnosisdiagnosis andand surgicalsurgical treatmenttreatment ofof
diseasesdiseases,, injuriesinjuries andand deformitiesdeformities ofof
thethe faceface andand jawsjaws..
SurgicalSurgical proceduresprocedures
RoutineRoutine extractionsextractions
MultipleMultiple routineroutine extractionsextractions
SurgicalSurgical extractionsextractions
ThirdThird molarmolar extractionsextractions
ExposureExposure ofof impactedimpacted cuspidcuspid
FrenectomyFrenectomy
GingivectomyGingivectomy,, osteoplasticosteoplastic
BiopsyBiopsy
AnaesthesiaAnaesthesia
DentistDentist isis responsibleresponsible forfor providingproviding thethe
patientpatient withwith comfortablecomfortable dentaldental
treatmenttreatment !!
PainPain
SensorySensory andand emotionalemotional experienceexperience
associatedassociated withwith actualactual oror potentionalpotentional
tissuetissue damagedamage..
PainPain andand anaesthesiaanaesthesia
PainPain occursoccurs whenwhen painpain receptorsreceptors oror
nervenerve endingsendings transmittransmit impulsesimpulses toto thethe
centralcentral nervousnervous systemsystem..
AnaesthesiaAnaesthesia eliminateseliminates thethe painpain
experienceexperience byby interruptinginterrupting thethe
transmittedtransmitted impulse.impulse.
AnaesthesiaAnaesthesia
AbsenceAbsence ofof normalnormal sensationsensation,, espesp
sensitivity tosensitivity to painpain..
AnaesthesiaAnaesthesia
TopicalTopical:: anan applicationapplication ofof substance tosubstance to
thethe tissuestissues thatthat createscreates lossloss ofof feelingfeeling
onon thethe surfacesurface..
LocalLocal:: placementplacement ofof a substance bya substance by
injectioninjection atat aa sitesite thatthat createscreates aa lossloss
ofof sensationsensation toto oneone partpart ofof thethe bodybody
AnaesthesiaAnaesthesia
ConsciousConscious sedationsedation:: anan anaestheticanaesthetic agentagent
usedused toto produceproduce aa sedativesedative effecteffect whilewhile
patientpatient remainsremains consciousconscious. (. (SometimesSometimes
inhalationinhalation))
GeneralGeneral anaesthesiaanaesthesia:: anan anaestheticanaesthetic agentagent
createscreates aa statestate odod unconsciounessunconsciouness
withwith absenceabsence ofof sensationsensation ofof entireentire
body.body.
LocalLocal anaesthesiaanaesthesia
TheThe drugdrug isis delivereddelivered
LocallyLocally (on(on thethe surfacesurface ofof oraloral mucosamucosa))
­­ topicaltopical anaesthesiaanaesthesia..
ByBy injectioninjection
LocalLocal anaesthesiaanaesthesia
TopicalTopical
LiquidLiquid oror sprayspray
LidocainLidocain,, XylocainXylocain..
LocalLocal anaesthesiaanaesthesia
ByBy injectioninjection
InfiltrationInfiltration
NerveNerve blockblock
PeriodontalPeriodontal ligamentligament injectioninjection
InfiltrationInfiltration anaesthesiaanaesthesia
DepositingDepositing anaesthesiaanaesthesia intointo tissuestissues.. TteTte
solutionsolution isis absorbedbyabsorbedby manymany terminalterminal
nervenerve endingsendings..
SingleSingle toothtooth extractionextraction oror otherother tissuetissue
surgerysurgery..
NerveNerve blockblock anaesthesiaanaesthesia
DepositingDepositing anaesthesiaanaesthesia nearnear thethe
nerv.nerv.
MandibularMandibular arch (n.arch (n. alveolaisalveolais inferiorinferior))
ForamenForamen infraorbitaleinfraorbitale
ForamenForamen incisivumincisivum
ForamenForamen palatinumpalatinum majusmajus
TuberTuber maxillaemaxillae
LocalLocal anaesthesiaanaesthesia
ByBy injectioninjection
InfiltrationInfiltration
NerveNerve blockblock
PeriodontalPeriodontal ligamentligament injectioninjection
InstrumentariumInstrumentarium
SyringesSyringes
NeedelsNeedels
ExtractingExtracting teethteeth
((exodontiaexodontia))
ReasonsReasons::
CariesCaries
TraumaTrauma
PeriodontitisPeriodontitis
EndodonticEndodontic reasonsreasons
RetentionRetention,, semiretentionsemiretention ifif itit causescauses
inflammationinflammation andand painpain
PrinciplesPrinciples ofof extractionextraction
InterruptionInterruption,, rupturerupture ofof preiodontalpreiodontal
LigamentsLigaments andand extractionextraction -- thethe toothtooth
isis pulledpulled outout..