BASIC OF CRANIOMETRY & CEPHALOMETRY the branch of physical anthropology dealing with the study and measurement of dry skull after removal of its soft part ØCraniometry Ø technique used to measure the skull and determine Ø human characteristics Ø ØCephalometry Ø is used in dentistry, and especially in orthodontics, to Ø gauge the size and special relationships of the teeth, Ø jaws, and cranium. This analysis informs treatment Ø planning, quantifies changes during treatment, and Ø provides data for clinical research Craniometric Point a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken endomolare basion staphylion orale glabella nasion akanthion gnathion bregma opistocranion lambda porion pteryon zygion euryon gonion Frankfort horizontal plane Øa horizontal plane Ørepresented in profile Øby a line between the Ølowest point on the Ømargin of the orbit to the Øhighest point on the Ømargin of the auditory Ømeatus The Size Of The Human Skull FROM TO Length glabella opisthocranion Width euryon euryon Height bregma basion Facial length nasion gnathion Facial width zygion zygion Palatal width endomolare endomolare Palatal length orale staphylion Cephalic index (CI) the ratio of the maximum width of the head multiplied by 100 divided by its maximum length Facial index (FI) the ratio multiplied by 100 of the breadth of the face to its length Palatomaxillary index (PMI) the ratio of the length of the hard palate to its breadth multiplied by 100 CI Dolichocephalic x - 74,9 (long-headed) Mesocephalic 75,0 - 79,9 (medium-headed) Brachycephalic 80,0 - x (short-headed) FI Leptoprosopic 90,9 - x (long narrow face) Mesoprosopic 85,0 - 89,9 (average width face) Euryprosopic x - 84,9 (short broad face) PMI Leptostaphylic x - 79,9 (narrow palatum) Mesostaphylic 80,0 - 84,9 (average width) Brachystaphylic 85,0 - x (broad palatum) Clinical Diagnosis of Orofacial Anomalies §Anamnesis (patient´s medical history) §Examination of orofacial region: Ø - Intraoral Ø - Functional Ø - Others: X-rays, photographs (en face, profile), impressions, analysis of models, orthopantomogram (OPT), teleroentgenogram for cephalometric analysis rtg Cephalometric Analysis ØS Sella mid point of sella turcica ØN Nasion most anterior point on fronto-nasal suture ØOr Orbitale most inferior anterior point on margin of orbit ØPo Porion upper most point on bony external auditory meatus ØANS anterior Nasal Spine ØPNS posterior Nasal Spine ØGo Gonion most posterior inferior point on angle of mandible ØMe Menton lower most point on the mandibular symphysis ØA point deepest concavity on anterior profile of maxilla ØB point deepest concavity on anterior profile of mandibular symphysis ØFrankfort Plane Po - Or Equivalent to the true horizontal when patient is standing upright ØMaxillary Plane PNS - ANS Gives inclination of maxilla relative to other lines/planes ØMandibular Plane Go - Me Gives inclination of mandible relative to other lines/planes ØS - N Line indicates orientation of anterior cranial base ØN - A indicates relative position of maxilla the cranial base ØN - B indicates relative position of maxilla the cranial base ØThe angles SNA; SNB; ANB indicate relative position of maxilla or Ø mandible to each other and to the cranial base geddes31