Medulla oblongata (bulbus medullae spinalis)


Ø  continuation of spinal cord (20–25mm)

Ø  from decussatio pyramidum to pons Varoli

Ø  sulcus bulbopontinus  (VI., VII., VIII.)

Ø  fissura mediana anterior (foramen caecum)

Ø  sulcus lateralis anterior (XII.)

Ø  sulcus lateralis posterior (IX., X., XI.)

Ø  sulcus medianus posterior

Ø  pyramis et oliva medullae oblongatae

Ø  fasciculus gracilis – clava (tuberculum ncl. gracilis)

Ø  fasciculus cuneatus – tuberculum  cuneatum

Ø  tuberculum cinereum

Ø  pedunculi cerebellares inferiores

Ø  tenia ventriculi quarti

Ø  tela choroidea ventriculi quarti



Pons Varoli


Ø  Transverse wall between MO and mesencephalon

Ø  sulcus basilaris (a. basilaris)

Ø  sulcus bulbopontinus (VI. – nervus abducens, VII. – nervus facialis, VIII. – nervus
vestibulocochlearis)

Ø  pedunculi cerebellares medii

Ø  V. – nervus trigeminus

Ø  angulus pontocerebellaris

Ø  pars intermedia fossae rhomboidae

Ø  pedunculi cerebellares medii

Ø  stria medullaris

Ø  sulcus medianus

Ø  sulci limitantes

Ø  eminentia medialis

Ø  colliculus facialis (n. VI.)

Ø  recessus lateralis

Ø  area vestibularis

Ø  VIII. – nervus vestibulocochlearis

Ø  tuberculum acusticum


Mesencephalon (middle brain)


Ø  Between pons and diencephalon

Ø  crura (pedunculi) cerebri

Ø  fossa interpeduncularis

Ø  substantia perforata posterior (arteriae centrales post.)

Ø  sulcus nervi oculomotorii

Ø  n. III. (nervus oculomotorius)

Ø  corpora quadrigemina  (lamina tecti)

Ø  colliculi superiores

Ø  colliculi inferiores

Ø  brachium colliculi sup. (visual tracts)

Ø  brachium colliculi inf.  (hearing tracts)

Ø  pedunculi cerebellares superiores

Ø  velum medullare superius

Ø  frenulum veli medullaris superioris

Ø  n. IV. – nervus trochlearis

Ø  On transverse cut are visible tectum, tegmentum and crura cerebri


Fossa rhomboidea


Bottom of the IV. ventricle (dorsal side of the brainsterm)

It has a rhombic shape

Rostrally continues into aquaeductus cerebri, caudally into canalis centralis


1. pars superior (mesencephalon) between pedunculi cerebellares sup. (nuclei of V.CN)

2. pars intermedia (pons Varoli)  between pedunculi cerebellares medii (nuclei of IV., VII., VIII.
CN)

3. pars inferior (medulla oblongata) beween pedunculi cerebellares inf. (nuclei of IX., X., XI.,
XII. CN)


Sulcus medianus, sulci limitantes - form border between

 basal plate – as a source of motor neurons  and

 dorsal plate (alar plate) – as a source of sensory neurons)


Ø  eminentia medialis

+  description of other structures according to the parts


Somatomotor nuclei have:

XII. – hypoglossus

VI. –  abducens

IV. – trochlearis

III. – oculomotorius


Branchiomotor nuclei have:

V. – trigeminus

VII. – facialis

IX. – glossopharyngeus

X. – vagus


Visceromotor nuclei have

III. – oculomotorius

VII. – facialis

IX. – glossopharyngeus

X. –vagus


Sensory nuclei have:

V. – trigeminus

VII. – facialis

VIII. – vestibulocochlearis

IX. – glossopharyngeus

X. – vagus