Topography of the back



48-16-VertebrateNervSyst-L 01neuron
•Excitability
•Conductibility

nn.Spinales
31 párů smíšených nervů
( aff.+ eff.)
Spinální ggl.-
Foramen intervertebrale
Canalis sacralis

•Division of the periphery nerve system
•Cranial nerves (I.- XII. pairs)
• pass through the skull base
•Spinal nerves – 31 pairs
• pass through foramina intervertebralia

•SPINAL NERVES



•Spinal nerve
•1) dorsal branch
•2) ventral branch
48-16-VertebrateNervSyst-L

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  1) Rami dorsales (dorsal branches)
1.N. suboccipitalis
2.N. occipitalis major
3.N. occipitalis tertius

Medial + lateral branches
4. Nn. clunium superiores (lumbar)
5.Nn. clunium medii (sacral)
•      Subcutaneous layer – rr. dorsales
•Nervi spinales – 31 pairs
•(spinal nerves)
•2) Rami ventrales (ventral branches)
•except of nn. intercostales form plexuses – plexus cervicalis, brachialis, lumbalis, sacralis

•Regiones dorsi
• (back regions)
•Nuchal region
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•              scapular
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•       subcostal
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•      lumbar
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•Vertebral
•sacral

img237



Nerves of the back
N. accessorius XI. cranial nerve
N. occipitalis minor (plexus cervicalis)
N. thoracodorsalis (plexus brachialis)
N. dorsalis scapulae (plexus brachialis)
Nn. intercostales
+ rami dorsales nervorum
   spinalium (dorsal branches
                               of spinal nerves)
a.
a.


img236 img235


•Arteries of the back
•a. occipitalis
•a. cervicalis profunda
•a. vertebralis
•a. transversa colli
a. thoracodorsalis
•aa. intercostales
sejmout0045

•Intrinsic muscles of the back
•mainly extensors of the back and the head, innervation rami dorsales of spinal nerves
•
•    1)  Spinotransversal system (m. splenius capitis and cervicis)
•    2)  Sacrospinal system (m. erector spinae, longissimus and iliocostalis)
•    3)  Spinospinal system
•    4) Transversospinal system (m. semispinalis capitis and cervicis)
•

•spec.
•Short back muscles
•
•m. rectus capitis post. min.+maj.
•m. obliquus capitis inf. and sup.
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Obrázek1
•Trigonum suboccipitale - content:
•n. suboocipitalis – C1
•a. cervicalis profunda
•a. vertebralis
•arcus posterior of atlas
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•Trigonum and mm. nuchae profundi
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•C1
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•C2
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•C3
•    NERVES:

• Trigonum Grynfelti:
• m. serratus post. inf.
• m. obliquus internus abdominis
• m. erector spinae
• Tetragon Krausei:
• + costa XII
•
• hernias
• access to the kidney
• perirenal abscesses
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obr
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•Trigonum lumbale Petiti:
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•m. latissimus dorsi, crista iliaca,
•m. obliquus externus abdominis,
•m. obliquus internus abdominis - bottom

•Used pictures come from:
•
•Moore, K. L. (1992): Clinical oriented anatomy. Third edition.
•Williams&Wilkins, A Waverly Company.
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•Gilroy, A. M. et all. (2009): Atlas of Anatomy. Thieme New York, Stuttgart.
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•Putz, R. (2008):
•Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books.
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•Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992):
•Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart,
•New York, 4th edition.
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•Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické nakladatelství.
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