16 Limbic system Limbic system Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Limbus = border Concept of the limbic system • Voluntary https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png • Automatic Concept of the limbic system • Voluntary https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png • Automatic Potenciálni konfliktLimbic system Control Modulation Concept of the limbic system • Voluntary https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Blausen_0614_LimbicSystem.png • Automatic Potenciálni konfliktLimbic system Control Modulation Limbický systém Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Prof. Gerald SchneiderGerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Prof. Gerald SchneiderGerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Prof. Gerald SchneiderGerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Arousal type 1 (somatic) ARAS (ascendent retikulation activation system) • Effect of stimulation – Habituation – Minimal ctivation of „reward/punishing“ system • Ascendent connections – Somatosensetivity, visual s., auditory s., vestibular s., cerebellum • Descendent connections – Neocortex, corpus striatum, thalamus Arousal type 2 (limbic) • Effect of stimulation – Minimal habituation – Strong activation of „reward/ punishing“ system • Central gray area –CGA - negative • Ventral tegmental area – VTA – positive • Ascendent connections – Mainly viscerosenzitivity, pain • Descendent connections – Hypothalamus and other limbic areas, amygdala Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Arousal type 1 (somatic) ARAS (ascendent retikulation activation system) • Effect of stimulation – Habituation – Minimal ctivation of „reward/punishing“ system • Ascendent connections – Somatosensetivity, visual s., auditory s., vestibular s., cerebellum • Descendent connections – Neocortex, corpus striatum, thalamus Arousal type 2 (limbic) • Effect of stimulation – Minimal habituation – Strong activation of „reward/ punishing“ system • Central gray area –CGA - negative • Ventral tegmental area – VTA – positive • Ascendent connections – Mainly viscerosenzitivity, pain • Descendent connections – Hypothalamus and other limbic areas, amygdala Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Acetylcholine • Nucleus basalis (Meynerti) abd other nuclei • Nicotin receptors • Muscarin receptors http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations • Sleep/wake regulation • Cognitive functions • Behavior • Emotions Norepinephrine • Locus coeruleus • Nuclei raphe caudalis • Vigilance • Responsiveness to unexpected stimuli • Memory • Learning http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Dopamine • Nigrostriatal system – Movement – Sensory stimuli • Ventrotegmentno-mesolimbicfrontal system – Reward – Cognitive function – Emotional behavior • Tubero-infundibular system – Hypotalamic-pituatory regulation • D1 receptors – excitatory • D2 receptors - inhibitory http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Serotonin • Nuclei raphe rostralis • Nuclei raphe caudalis • Anxiety • Impulsive behavior http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Sleep and wakefulness http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Sleep http://anchortime.com/portal/images/stories/MNZ_sleep_cycles_1.jpg Sleep https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Priyanka_Abhang3/publication/281801676/figure/fig4/AS: 305025248186371@1449735094401/Fig-4-EEG-waves-for-different-signals.png http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article- 3042230/Sleeping-habits-world-revealed- wakes-grumpy-China-best-quality-shut-eye- South-Africa-wakes-earliest.html Sleep and wakefulness Brainstem nuclei responsible Neurotransmitter Activity state WAKEFULNESS Cholinergic nuclei of pons-midbrain junction Acetylcholine Active Locus coeruleus Norepinephrine Active Raphe nuclei Serotonin Active NON-REM SLEEP Cholinergic nuclei of pons-midbrain junction Acetylcholine Decreased Locus coeruleus Norepinephrine Decreased Raphe nuclei Serotonin Decreased REM SLEEP ON Cholinergic nuclei of pons-midbrain junction Acetylcholine Active Raphe nuclei Serotonin Inactive REM SLEEP OFF Locus coeruleus Norepinephrine Active http://www.slideshare.net/drpsdeb/presentations Hypothalamus • Key center of autonomic regulations and coordination • Integration of the information from inner and outer environment • Behavioral modulation • Regulation of autonomic nervous system • Maintenance of homeostasis http://biology.about.com/od/anatom y/p/Hypothalamus.htm http://www.slideshare.net/physiologymgmcri/hypothalamus-15-apr-2016 Hypothalamus • Key center of autonomic regulations and coordination • Integration of the information from inner and outer environment • Behavioral modulation • Regulation of autonomic nervous system • Maintenance of homeostasis http://biology.about.com/od/anatom y/p/Hypothalamus.htm http://www.slideshare.net/physiologymgmcri/hypothalamus-15-apr-2016 Influence of hypothalamus on neocortex • Via neuromodulationg systems – Consciuosness (viz. výše) – Mood • Via thalamus – Via nucleus mediodorsalis to orbitofrontal cortex (influence on decision making) – Influence gating function of pther thalamic nuclei • Papez circuit http://ausm.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/02/Dopamine_Norepinephrine_Serotonin.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Or bitofrontal_cortex Orbitofrontal cortex Papez circuit http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Papez circuit http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Orientace na objekt Orientace na místo Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT http://www.slideshare.net/drsunilsuthar/neurobiology-of-emotion Prof. Gerald Schneider Object oriented… Location oriented… Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Prof. Gerald Schneider Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA Learning and memory • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are palstic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ Learning and memory • Connections of striatum and hippocampus are plastic • Plasticity is a base of learning • Learning is a forming of long- term memory • Declarative memory (explicit) – Based on hippocampus – Explicit information is stored and later recollected – „Construction of the maps (relationships)“ – spatial or abstract • Procedural memory (implicit) – Based on striatum – Habitual learning – motor skills, but also social habits – „Construction of the algorithms“ Location oriented: Where am I and what has happened here? Object oriented: Can I eat it and how to eat it? Amygdala • Connections to all major cortical and subcortica lstructures • Modiffied corpus striatum • Plasticity – memory formation • „Influence of information from outer environment on limbic system“ • „Amygdala hijack“ • „Affective tags“ – Both possitive and negative – Higher responsiveness to negative http://1.bp.blogspot.com/- DTBzUhiQrAE/Uz_bIohLgII/AAAAAAAAADU /kFhO3Eeq6B8/s1600/amygdala-bypass.gif http://proprofs-cdn.s3.amazonaws.com/images/FC/ user_images/1406217/9806788916.png Gerald Schneider. 9.14 Brain Structure and Its Origins, Spring 2014. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed). License:Creative Commons BY-NC-SA