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Skeleton of the upper extremity
Marek Joukal, M.D., Ph.D.
mjoukal@med.muni.cz
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine
Masaryk University
I. Bones of the shoulder girdle (cingulum membri superioris)
Clavicule
Scapula
II. Bones of the free upper extremity (ossa membri superioris
liberi)
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpal bones (ossa carpi)
Metacarpal bones (ossa metacarpi)
Phalangeal bones (ossa digitorum manus)
SKELETON OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY
(ossa membri superioris)
Clavicle
Connects upper extremity with trunk
Connection with scapula
Connection with sternum
extremitas sternalis (facies articularis sternalis)
extramitas acromialis (facies articularis acromialis)
tuberositas costalis (impressio ligamenti costoclavicularis)
tuberositas coracoidea (tuberculum conoideum et linea trapezoidea)
Clavicle
Scapula
margo superior
margo medialis
margo lateralis
angulus: superior, inferior, lateralis
facies: costalis, dorsalis
Facies costalis scapulae
Lineae musculares (transverae)
Fossa subscapularis
Incisura scapulae
(ligamentum transversum scapulae)
Processus coracoideus
Collum scapulae
Cavitas glenoidalis
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cavitas glenoidalis
tuberculum supraglenoidale
(musculus biceps brachii)
tuberculum infraglenoidale
(musculus triceps brachii)
collum scapulae
Facies dorsalis scapulae
spina scapulae
tuberositas triangularis scapulae
acromion
facies articularis acromii
fossa supraspinata
fossa infraspinata
Humerus
Skeleton of the arm
Connected with scapula
Connection with forearm
Proximal end
Body
Distal end
Humerus
Proximal end:
caput humeri
collum anatomicum
tuberculum majus
tuberculum minus
crista tuberculi majoris et minoris
sulcus intertubercularis
collum chirurgicum
corpus
tuberositas deltoidea
sulcus nervi radialis
(nervus radialis)
Humerus Humerus
distal end:
epicondylus medialis
sulcus nervi ulnaris
epicondylus lateralis
trochlea humeri
fossa coronoidea
capitulum humeri
fossa radialis
fossa olecrani
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Radius
Lateral side of the forearm
Connected with the humerus
Connected with the ulna
Connected with the carpal bones
Proximal end
Body
Distal end
Proximal end:
caput radii
fovea capitis radii
circumferentia articularis capitis radii
collum radii
Body
tuberositas radii
margo interosseus
Radius
Distal end:
processus styloideus radii
facies articularis carpea radii
incisura ulnaris radii
Grooves for the extensors
Radius Ulna
Medal side of the forearm
Connected with the humerus
Connected with the radius
Proximal end
Body
Distal end
Proximal end:
olecranon ulnae
incisura trochlearis
processus coronoideus
incisura radialis ulnae
Body:
tuberositas ulnae
margo interosseus
crista musculi supinatoris
Ulna
Distal end:
caput ulnae
circumferentia articularis capitis ulnae
processus styloideus ulnae
Ulna
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Ossa carpi (carpal bones)
Ossa metacarpi (metacarpal bones)
Ossa digitorum manus, phalanges
Skeleton of the hand Ossa carpi (8)
Proximal row:
os scaphoideum
(tuberculum ossis scaphoidei)
os lunatum
os triquetrum
os pisiforme
Distal row
os trapezium
(tuberculum ossis trapezii)
os trapezoideum
os capitatum
os hamatum
(hamulus ossis hamati)
palma manus
dorsum manus
sulcus carpi
eminentia carpi radialis
(tuberculum ossis scaphoidei et trapezii)
eminentia carpi ulnaris
(hamulus ossis hamati et os pisiforme)
sulcus carpi (retinaculum flexorum)
canalis carpi
Ossa metacarpi (I.-V.)
I.
II. III.
IV.
V.
Basis ossis metacarpalis (III. metacarp – processus styloideus)
Corpus ossis metacarpalis
Caput ossis metacarpalis
Ossa sesamoidea
I. metakarp – os trapezium
II. metakarp – os trapezium, trapezoideum,
os capitatum
III. metakarp – os capitatum
IV. a V. metakarp – os hamatum.
Connections of the metacarpal bones
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Ossa digitorum manus, phalanges
phalanx proximalis, media et distalis
(II.–V. prst)
phalanx proximalis et distalis
Basis phalangis (prox., media, dist.)
Corpus phalangis (prox., media, dist.)
Trochlea phalangis (prox., media, dist.)
Tuberositas phalangis distalis
X-Ray anatomy
X-Ray beams - 1895
Different absorption
Types: Native vs. contrast – brightness, shadow
Iodine contrast
medium
Contrast X-Ray pictures
Barium meal
Negative
Positive
(gas)
Projection – A-P, lateral
Ultrasound, CT, MRI
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4,5 yrs 7 yrs 13 yrs
References
Putz, R. (2008):
Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books.
Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley (2005):
Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Williams and Wilkins.
Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992):
Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart,
New York, 4th edition.
Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické
nakladatelství.