18 The Highest Functions of Nervous
System
Psychological and Social Aspects of
Brain Activity
II
1
The conflict between the limbic system and the
neocortex
http://all-free-download.com/free-vector/download/love-or-money-work-life-balance-scales_313110.html
The conflict between the limbic system and the
neocortex
http:// http://www.terryherring2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/life-balance.jpg
http://thedailypositive.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/06/image1-4-
300x300.jpg
The conflict between the limbic system and the
neocortex
http:// http://www.terryherring2013.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/life-balance.jpg
http://thedailypositive.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/06/image1-4-
300x300.jpg
Awareness / Mindfulness
https://stuffthingsandopinions.files.wordpr
ess.com/2015/12/15655214702_05c357fe
29_o_d.jpg
http://cognitivetherapyonline.com/cbt4panic/
wp-content/uploads/2011/03/past-future.gif
„When you are hungry, eat; when you are tired, sleep“
Zen Budhist quote
Awareness / Mindfulnesshttp://nutritionstudies.org/wp-
content/uploads/2014/01/overcoming-emotional-
eating-480x250.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-
_GpQ4Y4Dn10/T8WmcpPUtlI/AAAAAAAAAww/9kCQYEuoTBg/s1600/exercise-
cartoon.jpg
https://whatsinabrain.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/past-present-future.png
Awareness / Mindfulness
Procrastionation
• Putting off an action to
later time
• It is not a laziness!
http://68.media.tumblr.com/7dc8ae528d3b8732ffd83
7ef94536423/tumblr_nvanv5R3oJ1tdi9a1o1_400.jpg
Procrastionation
• Putting off an action to
later time
• It is not a laziness!
http://68.media.tumblr.com/7dc8ae528d3b8732ffd83
7ef94536423/tumblr_nvanv5R3oJ1tdi9a1o1_400.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/NFIB/AMS%20Content/Images/1/1-68134-Procrastination_WEBREADY-01.jpg
Procrastination
Risk factors
• Intelligence
➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization
• A task has low meaning
➢ Why to do it?
• A task is boring
➢ I do not like it
• A task is difficult
➢ How to start?
• A task is frustrating
➢ I cannot move on…
• Bad organization
➢ I have to do it ina a different way
• Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)
➢ It does not bring me anything
Risk factors
• Intelligence
➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization
• A task has low meaning
➢ Why to do it?
• A task is boring
➢ I do not like it
• A task is difficult
➢ How to start?
• A task is frustrating
➢ I cannot move on…
• Bad organization
➢ I have to do it ina a different way
• Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)
➢ It does not bring me anything
Risk factors
• Intelligence
➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization
• A task has low meaning
➢ Why to do it?
• A task is boring
➢ I do not like it
• A task is difficult
➢ How to start?
• A task is frustrating
➢ I cannot move on…
• Bad organization
➢ I have to do it ina a different way
• Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)
➢ It does not bring me anything
Risk factors
• Intelligence
➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization
• A task has low meaning
➢ Why to do it?
• A task is boring
➢ I do not like it
• A task is difficult
➢ How to start?
• A task is frustrating
➢ I cannot move on…
• Bad organization
➢ I have to do it ina a different way
• Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)
➢ It does not bring me anything
Risk factors
• Intelligence
➢ A higher intelligence is associated with a better skill of rationalization
• A task has low meaning
➢ Why to do it?
• A task is boring
➢ I do not like it
• A task is difficult
➢ How to start?
• A task is frustrating
➢ I cannot move on…
• Bad organization
➢ I have to do it ina a different way
• Lacking in rewards(mainly intrinsic)
➢ It does not bring me anything
http://wigan.illarterate.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Emptysupermarket-shelves.jpg
https://kristenleoneblog.wordpress.com/2016/04/03/decision-paralysis/
https://11tx7b411ycc3zja3v2vhqz9-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/07/paradox-of-choice.jpg
Rozhodovací paralýza
Decision
paralysis
Distraction
https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4060/4432737271_0c27eaac05_b.jpg
http://elearninginfographics.com/wp-content/uploads/What-type-of-procrastinator-are-you-V2.png
Procrastination
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg
A critical role of the limbic system
http://howtobehappy.guru/wp-
content/uploads/2015/08/imag
eedit_7_5046245303.jpg
Procrastination
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg
A critical role of the limbic system
http://howtobehappy.guru/wp-
content/uploads/2015/08/imag
eedit_7_5046245303.jpg
Procrastination
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/b3/af/3a/b3af3afd894176f4cd9846fd2741ace0.jpg
A critical role of the limbic system
http://howtobehappy.guru/wp-
content/uploads/2015/08/imag
eedit_7_5046245303.jpg
Procrastination
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6d/d4/6f/
6dd46f7ab780817f0f840a9075a60660.jpg
Stephen Covey – Quadrant system
http://thecontextofthings.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/covey-4-quad-1.jpg
http://www.bamradionetwork.com/images/easyblog_images/11545/procrastination-infographic-2.png
Procrastination
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/6d/d4/6f/
6dd46f7ab780817f0f840a9075a60660.jpg
http://smartlifeblog.com/wp-content/uploads/
2015/03/pomodoro-timer.jpg
Rationalization
• defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or
feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or
logical manner to avoid the true explanation, and are made
consciously tolerable—or even admirable and superior—by
plausible means (wikipedia)
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-
bZ3xCtBK7WM/TbBVepOG_4I/AAAAAAAABNw/cPsCAT9vglM/s1600/Lies.gif
Manipulation
• Selfmanipulation vs
manipulation of others
• Intentional vs unintentional
http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url
=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw==
„ Why do you look at the speck of
sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no
attention to the plank in your own eye? „
Matthew 7:4
„ Why do you look at the speck of
sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no
attention to the plank in your own eye? „
Matthew 7:4
Manipulation
• Selfmanipulation vs
manipulation of others
• Intentional vs unintentional
http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url
=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw==
„ Why do you look at the speck of
sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no
attention to the plank in your own eye? „
Matthew 7:4
„ Why do you look at the speck of
sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no
attention to the plank in your own eye? „
Matthew 7:4
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg
Manipulation
• Selfmanipulation vs
manipulation of others
• Intentional vs unintentional
http://www.freepik.com/index.php?goto=41&idd=660317&url
=aHR0cDovL3d3dy5zeGMuaHUvcGhvdG8vMTI2OTc5Mw==
„ Why do you look at the speck of
sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no
attention to the plank in your own eye? „
Matthew 7:4
„ Why do you look at the speck of
sawdust in your brother's eye and pay no
attention to the plank in your own eye? „
Matthew 7:4
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/figure1.jpg
Manipulation
http://dailynewsdig.com/advertising/
Manipulation
http://distrayante.blogspot.cz/2014/07/3-publicites-mensongeres-qui-mont-bien.html
Manipulation
https://s3.amazonaws.com/user-
media.venngage.com/9e35bdc2748090dcf73c2
04acd1f6996.jpg
http://mannmedia.pbworks.com/f/weasel
%20wrods.jpg
http://www.diet4india.com/images/image4.gif
http://blogs-
images.forbes.com/jeffbercovici/fil
es/2012/08/dr.-oz-weight-loss-
pills.jpg
Playing on emotions /
feelings of unhappiness
- the limbic system
Pseudorational
(it is believable) –
neocortex
Manipulation and propaganda
https://kristinczerminski.wordpress.com/2013/12/10/photo-manipulation-the-impact-on-society-the-advertising-industry/
Propaganda
• Manipulation / propaganda is as old as mankind itself, and sometimes it
may seem absurd
https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
FXZvktB5BuM/V4r9YwAO9VI/AAAAAAAAKk8/PtlGz94QGXYtA_KpphdeS0aQGzts8vurgCLcB/s1600/The%2BSoviet%2Bflag%2Bover%2Bthe%2BReichstag%2
52C%2B1945.jpg
Propaganda
• Historical resources have propagandistic character
• History is written by winners
• Subjective / engaged view vs. pure propaganda
http://soren.faculty.arizona.edu/sites/soren.faculty.a
rizona.edu/files/newpag10.jpg
http://www.colorado.edu/Classics/clas4091/Gra
phics/Constarch.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/
f0/f7/64/f0f764198b863f9a882439d8a5dbc134.jpg
http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pic%5CR%5CA%
5CRadziwill%20Chronicle%20page%20for%20year%201176.jpg
Propaganda targets basic needs
http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow-pyramid.jpg
35
Universal
Individual
Propaganda
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/dd/09/1f/dd091fe34d2a70d7f1b022b49b08d8b1.jpg
Propaganda
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/dd/09/1f/dd091fe34d2a70d7f1b022b49b08d8b1.jpg
Propaganda and propaganda
https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp
any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0
7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880
bd379bd9.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us-
propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii-
poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg
https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat
ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp
7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda-
poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A&
vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20
propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi
EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve
t=1&w=640
http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm
NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post
er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp%
20For%20Norge.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR-
aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/German_recr
uiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg
Propaganda and propaganda
https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp
any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0
7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/736x/c1/f8/50/c1f850ce1bdddb4edb04a880
bd379bd9.jpg
https://s3.amazonaws.com/WCB.com/us-
propaganda-during-world-war-ii/us-wwii-
poster-united-we-are-strong.jpg
https://www.google.cz/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.stat
ic.tumblr.com%2Fd1367a696b356dfe6a9dee6a634da56e%2Fujpgsp
7%2FrO1nwrvh4%2Ftumblr_static_filename_640_v2.jpg&imgrefurl=
https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tumblr.com%2Ftagged%2Fnazi-propaganda-
poster&docid=WzpFjAHd6Gn2AM&tbnid=29m5HiOvOat5wM%3A&
vet=1&w=640&h=407&bih=615&biw=1242&q=wwii%20german%20
propaganda&ved=0ahUKEwiNlNWay8HSAhUGsBQKHWyeCwcQMwi
EAShiMGI&iact=mrc&uact=8#h=407&imgrc=29m5HiOvOat5wM:&ve
t=1&w=640
http://lh4.ggpht.com/_fps7jxvrEbw/SVjZHsm
NP0I/AAAAAAAADyE/Y0J75Yxzlp8/s160/Post
er%20%E2%80%90%20Nordmen%20Kjemp%
20For%20Norge.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-9sUR-
aibBw0/VpSWAnjnrQI/AAAAAAABtJU/jBIn6bQ7axM/s1600/German_recr
uiting_worldwartwo.filminspector.com_3.jpg
https://d.fastcompany.net/multisite_files/fastcomp
any/imagecache/slideshow_large/slideshow/2014/0
7/3033287-slide-py3.jpg
Dehumanization
• debasement the others' individuality as either an "individual"
species or an "individual" object
• Animalistic
• Mechanistic
http://www.secretsofthefed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BAR-CODESX.jpg
41
https://www.google.com/search?q=l%C3%A9ka%C5%99i+a+nacismus&source=lnms
&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjuxc702KjeAhVO_qQKHbT-
DesQ_AUIDigB&biw=1536&bih=723&dpr=1.25#imgrc=U_jr_LAPxDLNOM:
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmrtns.eu%2Ftovar%2F_l%
2F59%2Fl59894.jpg%3Fv%3D1356204130&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.martin
us.cz%2F%3FuItem%3D59894&docid=WAMplaQPpahxMM&tbnid=XGwriyWOF1FEO
M%3A&vet=10ahUKEwiB5dqe2qjeAhXN2qQKHbSQCOUQMwg-
KAAwAA..i&w=450&h=633&bih=723&biw=1536&q=nacisti%C4%8Dt%C3%AD%20l%
C3%A9ka%C5%99i&ved=0ahUKEwiB5dqe2qjeAhXN2qQKHbSQCOUQMwg-
KAAwAA&iact=mrc&uact=8
Dehumanization
Dehumanization
• debasement the others' individuality as either an "individual"
species or an "individual" object
• Animalistic
• Mechanistic
http://www.secretsofthefed.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BAR-CODESX.jpg
Memetics
• Evolutionary model of cultural
information transfer
• Analogy genetic information
transfer
• Mem
➢ „unit of cultural information“
http://media.salon.com/201
3/08/richard_dawkins2.jpg
https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg
• Memetic complex
➢ System of values/philosophy/religion
Every kind of system of values has to be considered
as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume
lifestyle, biker or hooligan)
Every kind of system of values has to be considered
as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume
lifestyle, biker or hooligan)
Memetics
• Evolutionary model of cultural
information transfer
• Analogy genetic information
transfer
• Mem
➢ „unit of cultural information“
http://media.salon.com/201
3/08/richard_dawkins2.jpg
https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg
• Memetic complex
➢ System of values/philosophy/religion
Every kind of system of values has to be considered
as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume
lifestyle, biker or hooligan)
Every kind of system of values has to be considered
as a memetic complex (philosophy of consume
lifestyle, biker or hooligan)
Memetics
• Evolutionary model of cultural
information transfer
• Analogy genetic information
transfer
• Mem
➢ „unit of cultural information“
http://media.salon.com/201
3/08/richard_dawkins2.jpg
https://geophagus.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/b123pb_lg.jpg
• Memetic complex
➢ System of values/philosophy/religion
Every system of values has to be considered as a
memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle,
biker or hooligan)
Every system of values has to be considered as a
memetic complex (philosophy of consume lifestyle,
biker or hooligan)
Memetics
• Memetic complex has to replicate, otherwise it will become a
"dead learning / information”
• Memetic complexes compete each other for „substrate“
(human mind)
http://cdn2.5wm83b1.maxcdn-edge.com/wp-
content/uploads/2014/08/pepsiad2.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_4ryHM8waEOc/S5ZL9uKNi0I/AAAAAAAA
A4w/9cYf2Jf7rnc/s400/coke_vs_pepsi.jpg
Society
https://cdn.nexternal.com/tjb/images/FC-11.jpg https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/564x/9a/86/da/9a86da32052973bb085dc1511d4b7102.jpg
http://previews.123rf.com/images/dja65/dja651107/dja65110700341/10025966-Stone-
age-axe-Stock-Photo-tools-ancient-stone.jpg
http://www.thebushcraftstore.co.uk/ek
mps/shops/bduimportsltd/images/condo
r-greenland-pattern-axe-[2]-12105-p.jpg
Medical doctor
• Treatment strategy
– Evidence based
– Rational
– Reproducibility
– Knowledge transfer possible
• Approach to patient
– More rational - explanatory
Healer
• Treatment strategy
– Personal ability based
– Pseudorational/irational
– Reproducibility is problematic
– Knowledge transfer impossible
• Approach to patient
– More emotional - calming
Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is
associated with anticipation functions of the brain
Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe
Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining
placebo effect with the effect of medicaments
An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach
It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but
they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or
unintentionally manipulate their patients
Medical doctor
• Treatment strategy
– Evidence based
– Rational
– Reproducibility
– Knowledge transfer possible
• Approach to patient
– More rational - explanatory
Healer
• Treatment strategy
– Personal ability based
– Pseudorational/irational
– Reproducibility is problematic
– Knowledge transfer impossible
• Approach to patient
– More emotional - calming
Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is
associated with anticipation functions of the brain
Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe
Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining
placebo effect with the effect of medicaments
An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach
It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but
they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or
unintentionally manipulate their patients
http://pop.h-cdn.co/assets/15/45/2048x1152/hd-
aspect-1446671691-ufo3000.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/c3/
53/40/c353406ec16aa486bdf806581839dcb7.jpg
https://space.desktopnexus.com/wa
llpaper/598423/
➢ Every phenomenon which cannot be explained rationally is
similar to miracle/supernatural phenomenon
➢Even we cannot explain some phenomena we should consider
its effect, reproducibility and knowledge transfer possibilities
Medical doctor
• Treatment strategy
– Evidence based
– Rational
– Reproducibility
– Knowledge transfer possible
• Approach to patient
– More rational - explanatory
Healer
• Treatment strategy
– Personal ability based
– Pseudorational/irational
– Reproducibility is problematic
– Knowledge transfer impossible
• Approach to patient
– More emotional - calming
Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is
associated with anticipation functions of the brain
Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe
Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining
placebo effect with the effect of medicaments
An empathic approach is currently considered as the best approach
It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but
they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or
unintentionally manipulate their patients
Medical doctor
• Treatment strategy
– Evidence based
– Rational
– Reproducibility
– Knowledge transfer possible
• Approach to patient
– More rational - explanatory
Healer
• Treatment strategy
– Personal ability based
– Pseudorational/irational
– Reproducibility is problematic
– Knowledge transfer impossible
• Approach to patient
– More emotional - calming
Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is
associated with anticipation functions of the brain
Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe
Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining
placebo effect with the effect of medicaments
It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but
they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or
unintentionally manipulate their patients
Medical doctor
• Treatment strategy
– Evidence based
– Rational
– Reproducibility
– Knowledge transfer possible
• Approach to patient
– More rational - explanatory
Healer
• Treatment strategy
– Personal ability based
– Pseudorational/irational
– Reproducibility is problematic
– Knowledge transfer impossible
• Approach to patient
– More emotional - calming
Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is
associated with anticipation functions of the brain
Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe
Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining
placebo effect with the effect of medicaments
It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but
they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or
unintentionally manipulate their patients
Medical doctor
• Treatment strategy
– Evidence based
– Rational
– Reproducibility
– Knowledge transfer possible
• Approach to patient
– More rational - explanatory
Healer
• Treatment strategy
– Personal ability based
– Pseudorational/irational
– Reproducibility is problematic
– Knowledge transfer impossible
• Approach to patient
– More emotional - calming
Placebo has an effect in approximatelly 30% of cases and this is
associated with anticipation functions of the brain
Every illness is a stressor negatively affecting patient´s psyhe
Good aproach to patients may improve treatment results by combining
placebo effect with the effect of medicaments
It is possible that people with supernatural abilities exist, but
they are in minority and the majority of healers intentionally or
unintentionally manipulate their patients
Empathy
http://img.candybuzz.net/1/og
12672015062617284011
http://blogscat.com/agricultures/wp-
content/uploads/sites/3170/2015/10/Rational-vs-Emotional.jpg
Rationality Emotionality