INFORMATION FOR THE DISSECTION WEEK
19.12.- 13.12.2019 (+ exam Monday 16.12., Tuesday 17.12. during the given times,
will be posted on the dissection )
You will be divided in groups according to the schedule and you will attend it in
following times (one term of them) according to the groups you belong (as in
seminar).
8.00-12.00 a.m. groups 29, 30, 31, 32, 33
1.00-5.00 p.m. groups 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39
Breaks: 9.45-10.15
2,45-3,15
At the end of the course students should be able to:
1. Describe all components (bones, joints, muscles, vessels and nerves) of the
upper and lower limb and back
2. Relate features of limb and back with respect to adjacent structures
3. Review arrangement of layers from the superficial to deep ones in all regions
of the upper and lower limbs and back
4. Create the anatomical prosection of some studied region using specified
dissecting procedures
5. Distinguish abnormalities of the prosections.
What you can study from? What you will need to prepare.
Recommended literature:
DUBOVÝ, Petr. Instructions for anatomical dissection course. Masarykova
univerzita,Brno. ISBN: 978-80-210-4229-2.
Atlas of anatomy : Latin nomenclature. Edited by Anne M. Gilroy - Brian R.
MacPherson - Lawrence M. Ross - Michael Schu. New York: Thieme Medical,
2009. xv, 656 p. ISBN 978-1-60406-099-7. (or any other atlas you have)
DRAKE, Richard L. Gray´s anatomy for students. ISBN 9780443069529.
Additional source of study:
Stingl, J., Grim, M., Druga, R. : Regional anatomy, Galén, ISBN 978-80-7262-
879-7.)
Preliminary dissection schedule: see separated document
Completion of the course is assessed by the course-unit credit. A precondition
for obtaining the course-unit credit is 100% attendance and demonstration of
the basic knowledge during an examination at the close of the dissection course.
The results of the examination will be included in the results of the practical
part of the final examination in Anatomy. A minimum of 6 out of 10 possible
points (grade E) in the examination at the end of the course is required for
fulfillment.
For unsuccessful students a resit date will be offered (involved in the final
exam date).
WHAT YOU WILL NEED?
Lab coat
Plastic shoe covers
Forceps 14,5 or 16 cm long (anatomical, without hooks)
Scalpel handle No.4
Scalpel blades no. 23 or 21
Books:
DUBOVÝ, Petr. Instructions for anatomical dissection course. Masarykova
univerzita,Brno. ISBN: 978-80-210-4229-2. (each working group will have it)
Atlas
KNOWLEDGE!!!!
STUDY FOR THE FIRST DISSECTION
Learn the muscles (back, upper and lower limb)! (origin, insertion, function,
innervation, groups)
Knowledge of the nerves (plexus brachialis, sacralis, partly lumbalis), vessels and
topography of the limbs is obvious!
You should be able to identify the main structures on the specimen and to
explain (description, borders, content, layers) following terms and regions:
REGIONAL ANATOMY OF THE LIMBS
UPPER LIMB
REGIO SCAPULARIS
Borders
Layers
Content
Fossa supraspinata, infraspinata
Passage of the nerves and vessels around the lig. scapulae
anastomosis of a. suprascapularis and a. circumflexa scapulae
REGIO INFRACLAVICULARIS
Borders
Layers
Content
trigonum deltoideopectorale (sulcus deltoideopectoralis, fossa
deltoideopectorale Mohrenheimi)
REGIO DELTOIDEA
Borders
Layers
Content
subcutaneous: nn. supraclaviculares; n. cutaneus brachii lat. sup.
Subcutaneous veins
Fascia deltoidea
M. deltoideus. Vasa circumflexa humeri post. N. axillaris
Foramen humerotricipitale
REGIO AXILLARIS
Borders
Layers
Content
Foramen humerotricipitale (content - vasa circumflexa humeri post., n.
axillaris, borders) x foramen omotricipitale (content – a. circumflexa
scapulae, borders)
ROTATOR CUFF
REGIO BRACHII
Regio brachii ant.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus brachii lat. inf.; n. cutaneus brachii med. V.
cephalica et v. basilica
Fascia brachii (sulcus bicipitalis medialis et lateralis)
M. biceps brachii; m. brachialis; m. coracobrachialis.
Vasa brachialia.
N. musculocutaneus; n. ulnaris; n. medianus; n. cutaneus antebrachii med.
Regio brachii post.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus brachii post.
v. cephalica et v. basilica
Fascia brachii
M. triceps. Vasa profunda brachii. N. radialis
REGIO CUBITI ET ANTEBRACHII
Regio cubiti et antebrachii ant.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus antebrachii med.; n. cutaneus antebrachii lat. V.
cephalica et v. basilica. Nll. cubitales superficiales
Fascia antebrachii
Retinaculum flexorum, canalis carpi
Anterior group of muscles: m. pronator teres; m. flexor carpi radialis et
ulnaris; m. palmaris longus; m. flexor digitorum superficialis; m. flexor
digitorum profundus; m. flexor pollicis longus; m. pronator quadratus.
Lateral group of muscles: m. brachioradialis; m. extensor carpi radialis
longus et brevis; m. supinator.
Vasa ulnaria; vasa radialia; vasa interossea ant. N. ulnaris; n. radialis; n.
medianus (n. interosseus ant.). Nll. cubitales prof.
Regio cubiti et antebrachii post.
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus antebrachii post. Tributaries of v. cephalica et v.
basilica
Fascia antebrachii
Retinaculum extensorum
M. extensor digitorum; m. extensor digiti minimi; m. extensor carpi ulnaris;
m. abductor pollicis longus; m. extensor pollicis longus et brevis; m. extensor
indicis.
Vasa interossea post. N. ulnaris; n. radialis (n. interosseus post.)
REGIO MANUS
Dorsum manus
borders
subcutaneous: nn. digitales dorsales communes (n. radialis, n. ulnaris).
Tributaries of v. cephalica et v. basilica
Fascia dorsalis manus superficialis
Rete digitale dorsale. Tendons of extensors
Fascia dorsalis manus prof.
Mm. interossei dorsales
Palma manus
borders
subcutaneous: nn. digitales palmares (n. medianus, n. ulnaris). Arcus palmaris
superficialis
Fascia palmaris manus superficialis (aponeurosis palmaris)
Muscles of the thenar: m. abductor pollicis brevis; m. flexor pollicis brevis;
m. opponens pollicis; m. adductor pollicis.
Muscles of the hypothenar: m. abductor digiti minimi; m. flexor digiti minimi
brevis; m. opponens digiti minimi.
Tendons of long flexors of the fingers
Arcus palmaris profundus. N. ulnaris (r. profundus)
Fascia palmaris manus prof.
Mm. interossei palmares
Foveola radialis (anatomical snuff box)
DIGITI
Borders
Layers
Content
LOWER LIMB
REGIO GLUTEA
borders
subcutaneous: nn. clunium sup., medii et inf. Subcutaneous veins
Fascia glutea
M. gluteus maximus, medius et minimus; m. piriformis; m. obturatorius
internus; mm. gemelli; m. quadratus femoris.
Vasa glutea sup. et inf.; vasa pudenda interna. Nn. glutei sup. et inf.; n.
ischiadicus; n. cutaneus femoris post.; n. pudendus
Foramen suprapiriforme et infrapiriforme
REGIO FEMORIS
Regio femoris anterior
Borders
subcutaneous: nn. cutanei femoris ant.; rr. cutanei z n. obturatorius; n.
saphenus. V. saphena magna (v. saphena accessoria). Nll. femorales
superficiales
Fascia lata (hiatus saphenus)
Anterior group of muscles: m. sartorius; m. quadriceps femoris.
Medial group of muscles: m. gracilis; m. adductor longus, magnus, brevis; m.
pectineus.
Vasa femoralia (vasa profunda femoris, vasa circumflexa femoris med. et
lat.); vasa obturatoria.
N. femoralis; n. obturatorius. Nll. femorales prof.
Trigonum femorale, fossa iliopectinea
Canalis adductorius, hiatus adductorius
R. femoris posterior
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus femoris post. Tributaries of v. saphena magna, v.
femoropoplitea
Fascia lata
M. semimembranosus; m. semitendinosus; m. biceps femoris.
Vasa profunda femoris (rr. perforantes). N. ischiadicus
REGIO GENUS POST. (FOSSA POPLITEA)
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus femoris post. N. suralis. V. saphena parva. Nll.
poplitei superficiales
Fascia lata
M. popliteus; m. plantaris. Vasa poplitea. N. ischiadicus; n. tibialis; n.
fibularis communis. Nll. poplitei prof.
REGIO CRURIS
Regio cruris anterior
borders
subcutaneous: rr. cutaneui cruris med. (n. saphenus); rr. cutanei surae lat.
V. saphena magna
Fascia cruris
Anterior group of muscles: m. tibialis ant.; m. extensor hallucis longus; m.
extensor digitorum longus.
Lateral group of muscles: m. fibularis longus et brevis.
Vasa tibialia ant. N. fibularis superficialis et profundus
Regio cruris posterior
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus surale lat.; rr. cutanei cruris med. (n. saphenus);
n. suralis. V. saphena parva
Fascia cruris
M. gastrocnemius; m. soleus; m. tibialis post.; m. flexor digitorum longus; m.
flexor hallucis longus.
Vasa tibialia, vasa fibularia. N. tibialis
REGIO MALLEOLARIS ET RETROMALLEOLARIS MEDIALIS ET LATERALIS
Borders
Layers
Retinaculum flexorum et extensorum
Structures
REGIO PEDIS
Dorsum pedis
borders
subcutaneous: n. cutaneus dorsalis medialis et intermedius (n. fibularis
superficialis); n. cutaneus dorsalis lat. (n. suralis); n. fibularis prof. (for the
1. interdigital slot). Rete venosum dorsale pedis
Fascia dorsalis pedis superficialis
M. extensor hallucis brevis; m. extensor digitorum brevis. Tendons of long
extensors.
Vasa dorsalia pedis. N. fibularis prof.
Fascia dorsalis pedis profunda
Mm. interossei dorsales
Planta pedis
borders
subcutaneous: nn. plantares med. et lat. (rr. cutanei). Rete venosum plantare
Fascia plantaris pedis superficialis
Aponeurosis plantae
Muscles of the thenar: m. abductor hallucis; m. flexor hallucis brevis; m.
adductor hallucis; m. flexor digitorum brevis; m. abductor digiti minimi.
Muscles of the hypothenar: m. abductor digiti minimi, m. flexor digiti
minimi, m. oponens digiti minimi. Tendons of long flexors.
Vasa plantaria medialia et lateralia. N. plantaris medialis et lateralis
Fascia plantaris pedis profunda
Mm. interossei plantares
DIGITI
Borders
Layers
Content
REGIONS OF THE BACK
BACK (DORSUM)
Borders, distribution, content, orientation lines,
Regio colli posterior – borders, layers, content, trigonum suboccipitale
Regio vertebralis - borders, layers, content
Regio sacralis - borders, layers, content
Regio lumbalis – borders, layers, content
trigonum lumbale Petiti, Grynfelti, tetragon Krausei
MM. DORSI
(in muscles you need to know origin, insertion, inervation, function)
A) Extrinsic muscles (Heterochtonous musles)
I. Spinohumeral muscles
M. trapezius (+ a. supply)
M. latissimus dorsi (+ a. supply)
M. levator scapulae
M. rhomboideus major et minor
II. Spinocostal muscles
M. serratus posterior superior et inferior
B) Intrinsic muscles of the back (autochtounous muscles) (mm. dorsi proprii)
Spinotransversales (m. splenius capitis et cervicis)
Sacrospinales (m. erector spinae - m. longissimus dorsi et cervicis, m.
longissimus capitis, m. iliocostalis, m. spinalis thoracis)
Transversospinales (m. semispinalis, mm. multifidi et rotatores)
Short muscles of the back
Mm. interspinales cervicis
Mm. intertransversales posteriores cervicis
Mm. nuchae profundi (m. rectus capitis posterior major et minor, m.
obliquus capitis superior et inferior) - Trigonum suboccipitale
FASCIAE DORSI
Aponeurosis m. erectoris (thoracolumbar fascia)