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SKELETON OF THE LOWER
EXTREMITY
(ossa membri inferioris)
Lower extremity
• organ of the locomotion
• more robust constitution than the upper extremity
• limited range of movements
• posture – centroid S2
• pelvis and the vertebral column – functional unit
• the most developmental changes - foot
Skeleton of the pelvic girdle
(Cingulum membri inferioris)
Os coxae (hip bone)
os ilium
os ischii
os pubis
Skeleton of the free extremity
(Ossa membri inferioris liberi)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Ossa tarsi
Ossa metatarsi
Ossa digitorum pedis, phalanges
(os ilium, os pubis, os ischii)
Os coxae (hip bone)
acetabulum
facies lunata
fossa acetabuli
incisura acetabuli
foramen obturatum
Os ilium
corpus ossis ilii
ala ossis ilii
fossa iliaca
facies auricularis
tuberositas iliaca
linea arcuata
sulcus praeauricularis
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Os ilium
crista iliaca
labium externum
linea intermedia
labium internum
spinae iliacae
spina iliaca anterior superior et inferior
spina iliaca posterior superior et inferior
linea glutaea posterior, anterior et inferior
Os ischii
corpus ossis ischii
ramus ossis ischii
tuber ischiadicum
spina ischiadica
incisura ischiadica major
Incisura ischiadica minor
Os pubis
corpus ossis pubis
ramus superior ossis pubis
eminentia iliopubica
pecten ossis pubis
tuberculum pubicum
sulcus obturatorius
ramus inferior ossis pubis
facies symphysialis
crista phallica
Pelvis
Hip bones + sacral bone + symphysis
Femur
Proximal end
caput femoris
fovea capitis femoris
Proximal end
Body
Distal end
corpus femoris
collum femoris
trochanter major et minor
linea intertrochanterica
crista intertrochanterica
fossa trochanterica
linea aspera
labium mediale (linea pectinea)
labium laterale (tuberositas glutaea)
Femur
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Distal end
condylus medialis
condylus lateralis
epicondylus medialis
epicondylus lateralis
facies patellaris
fossa intercondylaris
linea intercondylaris
facies poplitea (planum popliteum)
Femoral head fracture
basis patellae
apex patellae
facies articularis patellae
Patella
m. quadriceps femoris
Tibia
Proximal end, body, distal end
Proximal end
condylus medialis et lateralis
facies articularis superior medialis, lateralis
eminentia intercondylaris
tuberculum intercondylare mediale
tuberculum intercondylare laterale
area intercondylaris anterior et posterior
facies articularis fibularis
Corpus
tuberositas tibiae
linea musculi solei
margo medialis
margo anterior
margo interosseus
Tibia
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Tibia
Distal end
malleolus medialis
facies articularis malleoli medialis
incisura fibularis tibiae
facies articularis inferior tibiae
sulcus malleolaris
Fibula
Proximal end
caput fibulae
facies articularis capitis fibulae
apex capitis fibulae
Corpus
margo anterior et posterior
margo medialis et interosseus
Distal end
malleolus lateralis
facies articularis malleoli lateralis
sulcus malleolaris
fossa malleoli lateralis
Fibula
Ossa pedis
ossa tarsi 7
ossa metatarsi 5
ossa digitorum pedis,
phalanges 14
Talus
Calcaneus
Os naviculare
Os cuboideum
Ossa cuneiformia
mediale, intermedium et laterale
Ossa tarsi Caput tali (facies articularis navicularis)
Collum tali
Corpus tali
Trochlea tali - facies articularis superior
Facies articularis malleolaris lateralis et medialis
Facies articularis calcanea posterior, media,
anterior
Sulcus tali
Processus lateralis tali
Processus posterior tali (tuberculum laterale,
mediale)
Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi
Talus
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Calcaneus
tuber calcanei (processus medialis et lateralis)
facies articularis talaris posterior, media et anterior
sulcus calcanei (sulcus calcanei + sulcus tali = sinus tarsi)
sustentaculum tali (sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi)
trochlea peronealis
facies articularis cuboidea
Os naviculare
tuberositas ossis navicularis
Os cuboideum
sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis/peronei longi
Ossa cuneiformia
mediale, intermedium et laterale
basis
(tuberositas ossis metatarsi I. et V.)
corpus
caput
Ossa metatarsi I. – V.
palec – phalanx proximalis et distalis
II. – V. prst – phalanx proximalis, media et distalis
basis phalangis
corpus phalangis
corpus/trochlea
tuberositas phalangis distalis
Ossa digitorum pedis, phalanges - kosti prstů nohy
Metatarsal fractures X-Ray of the plevis
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X-ray of the children pelvis
X-ray of the knee
X-ray of the ankle
X-ray of the foot
Putz, R. (2008):
Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books.
Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley (2005):
Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Williams and Wilkins.
Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992):
Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart,
New York, 4th edition.
Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické
nakladatelství.
References