1 SPLANCHNOCRANIUM Splanchnocranium Os ethmoidale Maxilla Os nasale Os lacrimale Os zygomaticum Vomer Os palatinum Concha nasalis inferior Mandibula Os hyoideum Os ethmoidale lamina cribrosa lamina perpendicularis labyrinthi ethmoidales Lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis Lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis Crista galli Septum nasi osseum Cellulae ethmoidales (anteriores, medii, posteriores) Lamina orbitalis Foramen ethmoidale anterius Foramen ethmoidale posterius Concha nasalis superior et media Processus uncinatus Bulla ethmoidalis Labyrinthi ethmoidales 2 Maxilla (dextra et sinistra) Corpus maxillae Processus maxillae Processus frontalis Processus zygomaticus Processus alveolaris Processus palatinus Corpus maxillae Facies orbitalis margo infraorbitalis sulcus infraorbitalis canalis infraorbitalis (canales alveolares) Facies anterior foramen infraorbitale fossa canina incisura nasalis spina nasalis anterior Facies orbitalis Facies anterior Facies nasalis Facies infratemporalis crista infrazygomatica tuber maxillae foramina et canales alveolares Facies nasalis corporis maxillae sinus maxillaris hiatus maxillaris (antrum Highmori) Facies infratemporalis corporis maxillae Processus frontalis maxillae Incisura nasalis (apertura piriformis) Crista lacrimalis anterior Crista ethmoidalis Crista conchalis Processus zygomaticus maxillae Arcus alveolaris Alveoli dentales Juga alveolaria Septa interalveolaria Septa intraalveolaria Processus alveolaris maxillae Os incisivum (praemaxilla) Foramen incisivum Canalis incisivus Crista nasalis Torus palatinus Processus palatinus maxillae Corpus mandibulae (basis mandibulae) Ramus mandibulae dx. et sin. Angulus mandibulae dx. et sin. Mandible 3 Corpus mandibulae Fossa digastrica Spina mentalis (sup. et inf.) Linea mylohyoidea Fovea sublinqualis Fovea submandibularis Crista buccinatoria Trigonum retromolare Tuberculum mentale Protuberantia mentalis Foramen mentale Linea obliqua (trigonum retromolare) Pars alveolaris Alveoli dentales, juga alveolaria Septa interalveolaria, intraalveolaria Corpus mandibulae Processus condylaris Caput mandibulae Collum mandibulae Fovea pterygoidea Processus coronoideus Incisura mandibulae Foramen mandibulae Canalis mandibulae Lingula mandibulae Sulcus mylohyoideus Ramus mandibulae Tuberositas masseterica Tuberositas pterygoidea Angulus mandibulae (120o-125o) Newborn Old person Os palatinum Lamina horizontalis Spina nasalis posterior Crista nasalis Foramen palatinum majus Processus pyramidalis Foramina palatina minora Lamina perpendicularis 4 Crista conchalis Crista ethmoidalis Processus orbitalis et sphenoidalis Incisura (foramen) sphenopalatinum Sulcus palatinus major (pterygopalatinus) Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini Os nasale Sulcus ethmoidalis Crista lacrimalis posterior Sulcus lacrimalis Fossa sacci lacrimalis Canalis nasolacrimalis Hamulus lacrimalis Os lacrimale Os zygomaticum Corpus Facies lateralis - foramen zygomaticofaciale Facies orbitalis - foramen zygomaticoorbitale Facies temporalis - foramen zygomaticotemporale Processus maxillaris, frontalis, zygomaticus Arcus zygomaticus Vomer Alae vomeris (rostrum ossis sphenoidalis) Processus maxillaris Processus lacrimalis Processus ethmoidalis Concha nasalis inferior 5 Corpus ossis hyoidei Cornua minora ossis hyoidei Cornua majora ossis hyoidei Os hyoideum Skull topography – fossae and cavities Calvaria Basis cranii frons, vertex, occiput sutura sagittalis, coronalis, lambdoidea, squamosa tubera frontalia, parietalia linea temporalis superior et inferior, foramina parietalia Calvaria impressiones gyrorum juga cerebralia sulci arteriosi, sulcus sinus sagitalis superior sulcus sinus transversi foveolae granulares Basis cranii Basis cranii externaBasis cranii interna Fossa cranii anterior Fossa cranii media Fossa cranii posterior BASIS CRANII INTERNA BASIS CRANII EXTERNA Fossa cranii anterior Fossa cranii media Fossa cranii posterior 6 FOSSAE CRANII FOSSA TEMPORALIS FOSSA INFRATEMPORALIS FOSSA PTERYGOPALATINA ORBITA CAVITAS NASI OSSEA CAVUM ORIS Fossa temporalisMedial wall linea temporalis superior (os frontale, os parietale) facies temporalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis pars squamosa ossis temporalis Ventral wall facies temporalis ossis zygomatici processus zygomaticus ossis frontalis Lateral wall arcus zygomaticus Content: musculus temporalis + nerves and vessels Fossa infratemporalis Superior wall Crista infratemporalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis Medial wall Lamina lateralis processus pterygoidei Ventral wall Facies infratemporalis corporis maxillae Lateral wall Ramus mandibulae Content: musculi pterygoidei + nerves and vessels Superior wall Facies maxillaris alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis Medial wall Lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini Ventral wall tuber maxillae Dorsal wall Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis Content: Nerves and vessels (ganglion pterygopalatinum) Fossa pterygopalatina Fossa pterygopalatina – communication foramen rotundum fossa cranii media canalis palatinus major cavum oris fissura orbitalis inferior orbita foramen sphenopalatinum cavum nasi osseum canalis pterygoideus basis cranii externa Aditus orbitae margo supraorbitalis, infraorbitalis Superior wall pars orbitalis ossis frontalis ala minor ossis sphenoidalis Medial wall processus frontalis maxillae os lacrimale lamina orbitalis ossis ethmoidalis ala minor ossis sphenoidalis Orbit 7 Inferior wall facies orbitalis corporis maxillae facies orbitalis ossis zygomatici processus orbitalis ossis palatini Lateral wall facies orbitalis ossis zygomatici facies orbitalis alae majoris ossis sphenoidalis fissura orbitalis superior et inferior apertura piriformis choanae Cavitas nasi ossea Roof (superior wall) Bottom (palatum durum) Medial wall (septum nasi) Lateral wall (three layers) Cavitas nasi ossea Superior wall ossa nasalia pars nasalis ossis frontalis lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidalis corpus ossis sphenoidalis (palatum durum) os incisivum (premaxilla) processus palatini maxillarum laminae horizontales ossis palatini Inferior wall Medial wall (septum nasi) lamina perpendicularis ossis ethmoidalis vomer Lateral wall – lateral (outermost) layer processus frontalis maxillae facies nasalis corporis maxillae lamina medialis processus pterygoidei Lateral wall of the cavum nasi osseum Middle layer: os lacrimale lamina perpendicularis ossis palatini Medial (innermost) layer: labyrinthus ethmoidalis (concha nasalis superior et media, bulla ethmoidalis, processus uncinatus) concha nasalis inferior 8 Meatus nasi superior cellulae ethmoid. post., sinus sphenoidalis Meatus nasi medius sinus maxillaris sinus frontalis cellulae ethmoid. ant., med. Meatus nasi inferior ductus nasolacrimalis Meatus nasopharyngeus Meatus nasi communis Cavum oris osseum Superior wall (palatum durum) processus palatinus maxillae os incisuvum lamina horizontalis ossis palatini Lateral and anterior wall processus alveolares maxillarum and mandibulae Inferior wall – muscles !!!!!!! References: Putz, R. (2008): Atlas of Human Anatomy Sobotta. Elsevier Books. Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley (2005): Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Williams and Wilkins. Platzer, W., Kahle, W., Leonhardt H. (1992): Locomotor system. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 4th edition. Čihák, R. (1987): Anatomie 1. Avicenum, Zdravotnické nakladatelství.