Questions of Medical Oral Microbiology (except for practices) – current, valid for the autumn semester 2016/17 Tasks of the practices are not made public to the students, it is necessary to learn the material in a range of protocols of the both semesters (including the understanding of the principles of tasks). General microbiology 1. Morphology of bacteria and structure of a bacterial cell 2. Metabolism of bacteria and bacterial genetics 3. Microbes and environment, growth and multiplication of bacteria, cultivation of bacteria 4. Biofilm and its medical importance 5. Course[INS: , :INS] form[INS: s :INS] and result of an infection 6. Forms and mechanisms of transmission and spreading of infections 7. Pathogenicity and virulence – invasivity factors 8. Pathogenicity and virulence – ability to overrun defence mechanisms of the host 9. Pathogenicity and virulence – microbial toxicity 10. Damage as a result of host defence mechanisms 11. Principles and mechanisms of specific (acquired) antimicrobial immunity – cell mediated 12. Principles and mechanisms of specific (acquired) antimicrobial immunity – humoral (antibodies and their formation and importance); microbial antigens 13. Principles and mechanisms of non-specific (inborn) antimicrobial immunity – humoral component, barriers against colonisation and penetration of microbes 14. Principles and mechanisms of non-specific (inborn) antimicrobial immunity – cell mediated component, phagocytosis 15. Normal microbial flora of a human (except oral cavity) – composition and importance 16. Characteristics and classification of viruses, structure of a virion, viral genetics 17. Multiplication of viruses. Influence of a viral infection to a cell 18. Course, forms and pathogenesis of viral diseases 19. Viruses and environment, inactivation of viruses, host defence against viral infection 20. General properties of fungi and their pathogenicity, basic terms of mycology 21. Basic terms of parasitology, particularities against other parts of microbiology Antimicrobial therapy 1. Physical approaches sterilisation and disinfection 2. Chemical approaches sterilisation and disinfection 3. Effects of antimicrobial drugs on microbes 4. Adverse effects of antibiotics 5. Resistance of microbes to antimicrobial drugs and testing of susceptibility to antibiotics, clinically important resistance patterns (MRSA, MLS, VRE, betalactamases and carbapenemases) and their detection 6. Basic principles of antibicrobial treatment – choice of antibiotics, antibiotic centre, rational antibiotic therapy and prophylaxis 7. Penicillins 8. Cephalosporins 9. Monobactams and carbapenems 10. Macrolides and linkosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones 11. Tetracyclines and chloramphenicole, aminoglykosides 12. Glykopeptides, polypeptides and ansamycins 13. Quinolones and fluoroquinolones 14. More antibacterial chemoterapeutics – antagonists of folate, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles 15. Antituberculotics 16. Antimycotics 17. Antivirotics 18. Antiparasitary drugs 19. [DEL: Artificial a :DEL] [INS: A :INS] ctive immunisation 20. [DEL: Artificial p :DEL] [INS: P :INS] assive immunisation [DEL: Ae :DEL] [INS: [1] :INS] [INS: E :INS] tiology 1. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of sepsis and infecti[DEL: ous :DEL] [INS: ve :INS] endocarditis 2. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of infections connected with presence of implants and biofilm formation (incl. catheter sep[INS: sis :INS] [DEL: ticaemias :DEL] ) 3. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of infections of upper respiratory tract, ear and eye 4. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of lower respiratory tract and lungs 5. [DEL: Ae :DEL] [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of [INS: gastro-intestinal :INS] infections of[DEL: gastro-intestinal :DEL] [DEL: tract :DEL] , bil[INS: iary and :INS] [DEL: e ways and :DEL] liver[INS: infections :INS] , enterotoxicoses 6. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of infections of central neural system 7. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of urinary tract infections 8. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics [INS: of :INS] sexually transmitted infections, congenital infections and newborn infections 9. [DEL: Ae :DEL] [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of [INS: wound and soft tissue :INS] [INS: :INS] infections [DEL: of wounds :DEL] [DEL: and soft tissues :DEL] 10. [DEL: Ae :DEL] [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics of[INS: bone and joint :INS] infections of [DEL: bones and joints :DEL] 11. [INS: E :INS] tiology and laboratory diagnostics [INS: of skin infections :INS] [DEL: microbial illnesses of skin :DEL] 12. [INS: E :INS] tiology of infections in immunocompromised patients and [INS: e :INS] tiology of nosocomial infections Oral microbiology 1. Normal microflora of human oral cavity – composition and importance 2. Oral biofilm and dental plaque, its importance and composition 3. Development of dental plaque 4. Dental plaque and development dental carries 5. Dental plaque and development of periodontitis 6. Cariogenic microorganisms, relation of microbes to the [DEL: ae :DEL] [INS: e :INS] tiology and pathogenesis of dental carries 7. Anaerobic bacteria in the oral cavity 8. Relation of microbes to the [DEL: ae :DEL] [INS: e :INS] tiology and pathogenesis of periodontitis 9. Participation of the oral cavity microflora on the systemic infections 10. Manifestations of systemic infections in the oral cavity 11. Bacterial infections primarily localised in the oropharyngeal region 12. Mycotic infections primarily localised in the oropharyngeal region 13. Viral infections primarily localised in the oropharyngeal region 14. Manifestations of imunosupresssion in the oral cavity, inf[INS: l :INS] uence on the oral cavity microflora Special bacteriology (subject of answer in these questions is: biology, pathogenesis, clinical description of infections, prevention, diagnostics, therapy) 1. Gram-negative non-fermenters (namely genera Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Stenotrophomonas, Acinetobacter) 2. Genus Legionella, Brucella, Bordetella, Francisella 3. Genera Campylobacter, Helicobacter and Vibrio 4. Genera Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia 5. Genus Escherichia and other condicionally pathogenic enterobacteria 6. Genera Haemophilus, Pasteurella, Actinobacillus 7. Genus Neisseria 8. Staphylococcus aureus 9. Coagulase-negative staphylococci 10. Streptococcus pyogenes, late (sterile) sequels of streptococcals infections 11. Streptococcus agalactiae and other beta-haemolytic streptococci 12. Streptococcus pneumoniae 13. Alpha-hemolytic streptococci and streptococci of the oral cavity 14. Genera Enterococcus, Listeria and Erysipelothrix 15. Genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, Genus Bacillus 16. Genera Corynebacterium and Arcanobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Rothia 17. Genera Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Rothia 18. Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani 19. Clostridium difficile and clostridia of anaerobic traumatoses 20. Genera Actinomyces, Propionibacterium 21. Genus Mycobacterium 22. Genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma 23. Genera Chlamydia and Chlamydophila 24. Rickettsias and related microorganisms (survey) 25. Genus Borrelia 26. Genus Treponema and Leptospira 27. Genus Bacteroides and more non-spore forming Gram-positive and Gram-negative anaerobes Special virology 1. Genus Enterovirus 2. Viruses of hepatitis A and E 3. Reoviruses (namely genus Rotavirus), caliciviruses and astroviruses 4. Genus Rhinovirus and Coronavirus 5. Arboviruses – survey 6. Genus Rubivirus 7. Genus Flavivirus (including virus of european tick borne encephalitis virus) 8. Genus Hepacivirus 9. Retroviruses and human immunodeficiency virus 10. Orthomyxoviruses 11. Genera Respirovirus and Pneumovirus 12. Genus Rubulavirus 13. Genus Morbillivirus 14. Genus Lyssavirus, Bynyaviruses, Arenaviruses 15. Genus Erythrovirus 16. [DEL: Lidské :DEL] [INS: Human :INS] papillomaviruses, polyomaviruses 17. Adenoviruses 18. Genus Simplexvirus 19. Genus Varicellovirus 20. Genus Cytomegalovirs and other herpetic viruses (HHV 6, 7, 8) 21. Genus L ymphocryptovirus 22. Genus Orthohepadnavirus and hepatitis D virus 23. Poxviruses, Genus Filovirus 24. Prion[INS: s :INS] [DEL: ic agents :DEL] Special mycology and parasitology 1. Yeast[INS: s :INS] [DEL: micromycetes :DEL] (except genus Candida) 2. Genus Candida 3. Filamentous and dimorph micromycetes 4. Main medically important[INS: :INS] protozoa 5. Main medically important[INS: :INS] nematodes 6. Main medically important[INS: :INS] trematodes 7. Main medically important[INS: :INS] cestodes 8. Main medically important[INS: :INS] arthropods [DEL: In :DEL] Brno, 1. 9. 2016 Assoc. prof. Filip Růžička, M. D., Ph.D., Head of the Institute of Microbiology Medical faculty of Masaryk University and St. Anne’s Faculty Hospital in Brno ________________________________ [1]Samaranayke používá AETIOLOGY, ale přesto bych se přikláněla k E.