CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Heart
• Vessels arteries
veins
capillaries continuous
fenestrated
sinusoids
Credits for HE practice
• 100% attendance
• complete set of signed protocols from all lessons
• passed 4 partial written tests
• every student is examined 4 per semester
• testing the knowledge of structures of the previous practical lesson, including the theory (their
English and Latin names, functions, development and biological context) and the theory for the
current practical lesson
• short written test with images or schemes results: „Passed“ (P; >50% of correct answers) or „Failed“
(F; =<50%)
• all images and schemes are made public (MedAtlas, IS)
• if you fail the partial test, you can repeat it once a semester (the 1st resit test)
• you have to successfully pass all 4 tests (4/4 or 4/5)
• failing in the partial tests (F, F) results in the overall 2nd resit test at the end of semester from the
knowledges of the whole semester
• tests can always be written only in proper practice, not in a substitute
• =>30% absence in the practices results in the test from the knowledges of the whole semester (incl.
all 4 partial tests during semester)
HE lectures
• lectures from HE will be in presence form and be streamed, so they will not be available offline (in IS)
continuous capillary
fenestrated capillary
sinusoid capillary
general structure
of blood vessels
arteriole and venule
A
A
V
V
V
A
V
V
D
capillaries, arterioles, venules [endothelium] x ducts [epithelium]
V
A
muscular artery and vein - HE
muscular artery and vein - orcein
V
A
muscular artery
HE orcein
membrana elastica interna
vein (1-intima, 2-media, 3-adventitia)
HE orcein
2
3
1
aorta
HE orcein
aorta – intima *
HE orcein
* *
aorta (orcein) – adventitia, vasa vasorum, nervi vasorum
vena cava (HE)
myocardium
HE Heidenhain
cardiomyocyte (TEM)
fetal
blood circulation left atrium
lung
left ventricle
right atrium
right ventricle
umbilical cord
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Slides
Muscular artery and vein (59 – HE, 60 - orcein)
Aorta (61 – HE, 62 - orcein)
Vena cava (63 - HE)
Myocardium (64 – HE, 65 - Heidenhain)
Atlas EM:
Continuous capillary (55)
Fenestrated capillary (56, 57)
Sinusoid capillary (58)
Arteriole (59)
Cardiomyocyte (44-46)
Development of heart, embryonic and fetal blood circulation (91-93)