horizon.png horizon.png Preclinical dentistry III. Lectures 1. – 2. ORAL SURGERY horizon.png horizon.png Dental speciality that deals with diagnosis and surgical treatment of diseases, injuries and deformities of teeth and surroundung structures (oral surgery). Maxilofacial surgery is focused also on jaws and face. ORAL AND MAFILOFACIOAL SURGERY. horizon.png SURGICAL PROCEDURES •Incision •Extractions -Single ectraction -Multiple extractions -Surgical extractions •Exposure of impacted tooth (e.g. Canine, third molar) •Periodontal surgery •- Frenectomy •- Gingivectomy, gingivoplasty •- Osteoplasty •Biopsy •Implantation •Endodontic surgery • • horizon.png Obsah obrázku osoba, malé, držení, žena Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku nůž Popis byl vytvořen automaticky Obsah obrázku červená, objekt, míč, vsedě Popis byl vytvořen automaticky INCISION SURGICAL KNIFE • horizon.png Incision – possibilities in periodontal sutgery Example horizon.png RAISING THE FLAP (MUCOSA AND PERIOSTEUM) horizon.png horizon.png CONTROL OF INFECTION horizon.png SPECIAL TERMS IN RELATION TO CONTROL OF INFECTION •Asepsis •All procedures that prevent contamination of the operating field: •Sterile gloves and clothes •Sterile instruments •Using antiseptics for decontamination the operative field before the surgical procedure. horizon.png SPECIAL TERMS IN RELATION TO CONTROL OF INFECTION •Antisepsis • •Preventin of infection by inhibiting or arresting the growth and multiplication of germs (infectious agents) on skin or mucosa. horizon.png ANTISEPTICS •Antiseptics (from Greek αντί - anti, '"against" + σηπτικός - septikos, "putrefactive") are antimicrobial substances that are applied to living tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction horizon.png SPECIAL TERMS IN RELATION TO CONTROL OF INFECTION • •Disinfection •is destruction od macroorganisms that are living on the objects. Desinfection does not necesarilly kill all microorganisms. We use various substances – disinfectants. • • • • • horizon.png DISINFECTANTS • •Disinfectants are substances that are applied to non-living objects to destroy microorganisms that are living on the objects. Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially not resistant bacterial spores; it is less effective than sterilisation, which is an extreme physical and / or chemical process that kills all types of life. Disinfectants are different from other antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics, which destroy microorganisms within the body, and antiseptics, which destroy microorganisms on living tissue. Disinfectants are also different from biocides — the latter are intended to destroy all forms of life, not just microorganisms. • horizon.png SPECIAL TERMS IN RELATION TO CONTROL OF INFECTION •Sterilization (or sterilisation) • •is a term referring to any process that eliminates (removes) or kills all forms of life, including transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, etc.) present on a surface, contained in a fluid, in medication, or in a compound such as biological culture media. • horizon.png STERILISATION •Sterilization (or sterilisation) is a term referring to any process that eliminates (removes) or kills all forms of life, including transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, spore forms, etc.) present on a surface, contained in a fluid, in medication, or in a compound such as biological culture media. Sterilization can be achieved by applying the proper combinations of heat, chemicals, irradiation, high pressure, and filtration. horizon.png DRY HEAT STERILISATION •Sterilisation unit - sterilisator •Hot air •Circulation •160,170 or 180 °C •(60,30,20 min) horizon.png HOT STEAM STERILISATION •Autoclave •Phases: vacuum –steam-air – drying. •Steam – pressure •Autoclaves commonly use steam heated to •121–134 °C (250–273 °F). To achieve •sterility, a holding time of at least 15 minutes at •121 °C (250 °F) or 3 minutes at 134 °C (273 °F) is •required. horizon.png COLD STERILISATION •Irradiation •Special gas • •No in dental surgery horizon.png SCRUBBING •Aims and objectives: •Effectively reduce the number of microorganisms on the skin •By mechanical washing horizon.png horizon.png Microorganisms on skin