The “a” wave corresponds to atrial systole and correlates with
the P wave of the ECG.
The “c” wave is due to the closure of the tricuspid valve and
slight bulging of the valve leaflets into the right atrium during
the isovolumetric contraction phase of right ventricular systole.
The “c” wave correlates with the end of the QRS complex on the
ECG.
The “v” wave coincides with the time of maximal atrial filling
before the atrioventricular valves open. It correlates with the
end of the T wave on the ECG.
The “x” wave corresponds to atrial relaxation.
The “y” wave corresponds to the end of ventricular systole
when the tricuspid valve opens.