Trauma surgery department, University Hospital Brno ¡Is a technique of basic life support for oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate, definitive medical treatment can restore normal heart and ventilatory action. §The most common cause of death from a heart attack in adults is ventricular fibrillation §Ventricular fibrillation: ▪A disturbance in the electrical rhythm of the heart ▪Can be treated with defibrillation (applying an electrical shock to the chest) ▪If a defibrillator is not readily available, brain death will occur in less than 10 minutes ¡ §During cardiac arrest, the heart stops pumping blood. •CPR is one way of buying time until normal heart function is restored or a defibrillator becomes available. •CPR provides artificial breathing and circulation, keeping oxygenated blood flowing to the heart and brain. •The earlier you give CPR, the greater the chance of success. §CPR is a combination of rescue breathing and chest compressions §Someone is not breathing and has no pulse §If someone is not breathing, but has a pulse, perform rescue breathing ¡ ¡Check the ABCs: §Airway §Breathing §Circulation ¡ §Check their mouth or throat for blockage §Sweep the inside of the mouth with your fingers, if necessary ¡ §Put your ear to the mouth and nose §Listen to see if they are breathing §Observe if the chest is rising §Feel for breaths on your cheek ¡ ¡Feel for a pulse §Put your fingers on the side of the neck or on the top of the underside of the wrist §Do NOT use your thumb. Your own pulse may be felt, and this could lead to confusion ¡ §Perform if a person has a pulse but is NOT breathing §Make sure they are lying on their back ¡ ¡Tilt the head back §Lift the chin with one hand §Press the forehead back with the other ¡Close the airway through the nose by pinching it ¡ §Give 1 breath every 5 seconds §Take a normal breath §Cover the victim’s mouth with yours to create an airtight seal §Watch for the chest to rise as you give each breath ¡ §If a person’s airway is clear but they are NOT breathing and do NOT have a pulse §CPR involves giving compressions which pump blood to the brain and heart. ¡ ¡To give compressions: §Put the heel of one hand on the center of the chest between the nipples §Put the other hand on top of the first hand §Push hard and push fast §Push at a rate of 100 times a minute §After each compression, release pressure on the chest to let it come back to its normal position. §Keep your elbows locked so you do not get tired quickly §Give 2 breaths, 1 second each §Give 30 compressions at a rate of 100 per minute and then give 2 breaths. §Remember to release pressure after every compression §Keep giving sets of 30 to 2 until: ▪The automated external defibrillator (AED) arrives ▪Victim starts to move or ▪Trained help arrives ¡ ¡A – airway ¡B – breathing ¡C – circulation ¡D – drugs ¡E – ECG ¡F – fibrilation treatment ¡Rib fractures ¡Sternal fracture ¡Pneumothorax ¡Haemothorax ¡Myocardial injury ¡