Health Policy and Planning
Finanční





Health Policy



Health planning
•process of identifying key objectives and choosing among alternative means of achieving them.
Trefa do černého Trefa do černého

Evaluation
Pracovní postup
•the process of determining – as systematically and objectively as possible – the relevance,
effectiveness, efficiency and impact of activities with respect to the agreed goals.
Pracovní postup

The influence of epidemiology
•If epidemiology is intended to prevent and control disease, the results of epidemiological results
must influence public policy.
•The influence of epidemiology is often mediated by public opinion. Policy-makers in many countries
respond to public opinion rather than leading it.

Framing health policy
•Every policy influences human health (transport, urban, security, food, healthcare)
•using comparative data on mortality and disability helps to:
•weigh the effects of non-fatal health outcomes on overall population health
•inform debates on priorities for health service delivery and planning; and,
•research and development of the health sector
•Summary measure
•DALY – (disability-adjusted life-year)

Health policy intervention



Health planning



Assessing burden
•measure the overall health status of the community
•Mortality data reflect only one aspect of health and are of limited value for conditions that are
rarely fatal.
•Measures of morbidity reflect another important aspect of the burden of illness.
•The consequences of disease – impairment, disability and handicap have also be measured

Assessing burden
•Summary population measures
•Rapid assessment

Understanding causes
•identify the major preventable causes of disease so that intervention strategies can be developed
•

Measuring effectiveness of interventions
•The effectiveness of interventions in the community is determined by many factors.
•How well the intervention works in the Research setting.
•How the intervention is effective in the community.
•The ability to screen for, and diagnose the disease affects outcome (see Chapter 6).
•The intervention should be used by all who could benefit; this means that it is available,
affordable, and acceptable to the community

Assessing efficiency
Research
•Cost-effectiveness analysis
•The preferred intervention, or alternative, is one which requires the least cost to produce a
given level of effectiveness.
•Cost-benefit analysis
• If the costbenefit analysis shows that economic benefits of the intervention (or the benefit of
preventing an additional case) are greater than the costs of prevention, the intervention would be
economically profitable.
•Cost-effectiveness analysis is easier to perform than cost-benefit analysis, since the measure of
effectiveness does not need to be given a monetary value.

Implementing interventions
Terč
•setting targets, and making sure that they can be reached.
•Personnel
•Equipment
•Skills
•System

Monitoring activities and measuring progress
•the continuous follow-up of activities to ensure that they are proceeding according to plan.
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