1. everything in print

   litera

   belles lettres

                              Holy Scriptures (scribere) = Písmo Svaté

   Co je psáno, to je dáno.

   V novinách psali ....

   rules of the free market

   the Internet

   oral literature and oral performance

   too general a concept

   

    2. great works only

   useful for pedagogical purposes

   who decides?

   broader understanding of literary development, continuity of literary tradition

   

    3. art (imaginative literature, Wortkunst, slovesnost) working with language as a material

   language use:

   language foregrounded, draws attention to itself (sound, images)

   not only WHAT but primarily HOW it is said

   Language of science: clear, universal, definite, unambiguous, 1 meaning, 1 interpretation

   Literary language: metaphorical, playful, ambiguous, multiple meanings

   Language of science refers to the outside world (extralinguistic reality), is a medium only

   Literary language: refers to the outside world but also creates a world of its own, medium and
   ultimate end, crafted, aesthetic

   

   What is literature for? What is/are its function/s ?

   

   

   Functions of literature:

   -          aesthetic (pleasure in form)

   -          informative

   -          cognitive (recognition)

   -          didactic (sense of values)

   -          expressive

   -          empathic

   -          cathartic (cleansing)

   -          entertaining

   ...

   

   

   HORACE:        dulce et utile (sweet and useful)

   pure sound and image, no relation to the human world                        vs           
               instruction

   art for art´s sake                                                                marxism (art
   as "superstructure")

   - not compulsory                                                                              
   - deserves attention          

   - not a bore                                                                             
               - not a waste of time                                        gives a sense of
   achievement and satisfaction