Native Americans pre-Columbian times to the present terminology and misconceptions •Terminology •Indian •Native American •First Nations •Misconceptions (mylné představy) •one “type” (Plains Indians) – Hollywood •Indians are vanishing (mizející) Indian cultural regions Native1.jpg Indian languages map_of_native_languages_of_north_america.jpg Cahokia •The only known large city of pre-Columbian America north of Mexico; little is known about it, but it clearly had an enormous influence on most cultures between the Appalachians and the Rockies; in turn it was influenced (probably) by the patriarchal, warlike peoples of Mexico. We will talk about it further in class. Cahokia, about 1050-1100 CE cahokia.jpg Moundbuilders mound1.jpg Ohio_Arch_Cultures_map_HRoe_2008.jpg Moundbuilders •Three main stages or cultures: •Adena/Woodland (c1000 BCE), maybe influenced by earlier “archaic” mounds in Louisiana; the pipe on the previous page is Adena, from Adena Mound itself •Hopewell (c500 BCE – 200 CE), centered in the Ohio valley •Fort Ancient (c1000-1300 CE) – connections with Cahokia probable, but unproved •We will discuss the mounds in class Southern Ohio, probably Hopewell mound4.jpg Fake! mound6.jpg Hopewell, mica hand, c100-300 CE, from Ross County, Ohio – meaning unknown mound7.jpg • Serpent Mound laudonniere.jpg •Jacques Ie Moyne de Morgues, René de Laudonnière and the Indian Chief Athore visit Ribaut's Column, c 1570 • village_of_secoton.jpg •John White, The Village of Secoton, c. 1585 • Pocahontas (Matoaka) Pocahontas_by_Simon_van_de_Passe.jpg •by Simon van de Passe, 1616 (artist and subject were both 21) • •This engraved portrait of Pocahontas, created from life during her time in England, is the oldest work in the National Portrait Gallery’s collection in Washington. Pocahontas, who took the Christian name Rebecca, sailed to England with husband John Rolfe in 1616. “The sponsors of the Jamestown colony saw marketing possibilities in this regal, converted, English-speaking princess,” wrote John F. Ross in Smithsonian magazine. “Luring new colonists to Jamestown and finding investors for the venture was a hard sell. What better ‘poster girl’ than Pocahontas?” pilgrims-meet-massasoit.jpg The Death of Jane McCrea •John Vanderlyn, 1804. The event took place in July 1777, during the Revolution; the outrage that followed helped turn more Americans against both the Indians and the British. 704px-The_Death_of_Jane_McCrea_John_Vanderlyn_1804_crop.jpg Daniel Boone Fighting the Indians, Enrico Causici 1827 causici-boone.jpg • •The “noble savage” is now just the “savage.” • •Guess where it is? George Catlin, A-wun-ne-wa-be, Bird of Thunder 1845 George Catlin A-wun-ne-wa-be, Bird of Thunder, 1845.jpg • • •A-wun-ne-wa-be, an Ojibwe, accompanied Catlin to Paris in 1845. By now most Americans saw the Indians as a “vanishing race” that should be recorded before they disappeared. • George Catlin, The Last Race, Mandan O-kee-pa Ceremony, 1832 George_Catlin_-_The_Last_Race,_Mandan_O-Kee-Pa_Ceremony_-_WGA04575.jpg George Catlin, Sioux War Council, c1848 Sioux-War-Council-Catlin.jpg •The Sioux (Lakota) were the last tribes to be “subdued,” by 1890. They are still a very large group of tribes living mostly in reservations in the northern Great Plains. Ledger Drawings •Fort Marion, Florida •Historical representation •A brand new medium •Later new experiences were shown •Ledger Drawings specifically for sale •Some traditional drawing and some experimental • • 300px-Blackhawk-spiritbeing.jpg •c. 1880 depicting a horned Thunder Being (Haokah) on a horse-like creature with eagle talons and buffalo horns. The creature's tail forms a rainbow that represents the entrance to the Spirit World, and the dots represent hail. Accompanying the picture on the page were the words: "Dream or vision of himself changed to a destroyer and riding a buffalo eagle." s2063-105 "Riding In the Hot Sun With Umbrella" Kiowa drawing, maybe depicting the 1874 Buffalo Wallow battle against the United States cavalry A Kiowa ledger drawing possibly depicting the Buffalo Wallow battle in 1874, a fight between Southern Plains Indians and the U.S. Army during the Red River War..jpg made at Fort Marion about 1877 cl-ft-marion-Wo-Haw-c1877.jpg • Lakota beadwork Wounded Knee Massacre, December 1890 10031292_burial.jpg “Indian Detour” 1927 – John Sloan indian_detour-sloan1927.jpg “Hail to the Sunrise” Joseph Pollia, 1932, Charlemont, MA, bronze sunrise.jpg Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, “Gifts for Trading Land with White People” - 1992 Trade - Gifts for Trading Land with White People.jpg Helen Hardin, “Medicine Woman” Medicine-Woman-Hardin.jpg • • •Hardin (1943-1984) , Tsa-sah-wee-eh, was a Pueblo Indian from New Mexico. This was painted about 1983 when she was dying of breast cancer. • Pow Wow