Deaf	
  Educa*on,	
  Cultural	
  Aspects	
  
of	
  Hearing	
  and	
  Communica*on:	
  	
  
Czech	
  Republic	
  
	
  
Radka	
  Horáková	
  
Masaryk	
  University	
  ,	
  Brno	
  	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Educa-on	
  
Department	
  of	
  Special	
  Educa-on	
  
	
  
Email:	
  horakova.radka@gmail.com	
  
Vítejte	
  v	
  České	
  republice	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Welcome	
  to	
  the	
  Czech	
  Republic	
  
CR:	
  Tiny	
  country	
  in	
  the	
  heart	
  of	
  Europe	
  
Masaryk	
  University	
  in	
  Brno	
  
•  Founded:	
  1919	
  
•  Staff:	
  4700	
  
•  Facul-es:	
  9	
  
•  Students:	
  42000	
  
Organiza*on	
  chart	
  of	
  Masaryk	
  University	
  	
  
and	
  its	
  disability	
  services	
  
Masaryk	
  University	
  
General	
  ins*tutes	
  and	
  offices	
   Rector's	
  Office	
   Facul*es	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Arts	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Sciences	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Law	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Medicine	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Educa-on	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Social	
  Studies	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Informa-cs	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Economics	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Sports	
  
Hostels	
  and	
  Canteens	
  
Ins-tute	
  of	
  Computer	
  Services	
  
Support	
  Centre	
  for	
  Students	
  with	
  
Special	
  Needs	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Educa*on	
  –	
  Department	
  of	
  Special	
  Educa*on	
  
•  The	
   Department	
   of	
   Special	
  
Educa-on	
   was	
   founded	
   on	
   1st	
  
Sept.	
  1994.	
  
•  The	
  main	
  aim	
  of	
  the	
  department	
  
is	
   to	
   prepare	
   future	
   teachers	
  
with	
  regard	
  to	
  current	
  trends.	
  It	
  
reflex	
   the	
   current	
   focus	
   on	
  
integra-on	
   of	
   children	
   with	
  
special	
   needs	
   and	
   learning	
  
difficul*es	
   in	
   to	
   mainstream	
  
schools	
  and	
  ins-tu-ons.	
  
	
  
Faculty	
  of	
  Educa*on	
  –	
  Department	
  of	
  Special	
  Educa*on	
  
Students	
  can	
  graduate	
  with	
  
Bachelor	
  	
  or	
  Master	
  Degrees	
  in	
  
Special	
  Educa*on:	
  
•  Educa-on	
   of	
   individuals	
   with	
   visual	
  
impairment	
  
•  Educa-on	
   of	
   individuals	
   with	
   physical	
  
disabili-es	
  
•  Educa-on	
   of	
   individuals	
   with	
   mental	
  
retarda-on	
  
•  Deaf	
  Educa*on	
  
•  Learning	
   disabili-es	
   and	
   	
   behavioral	
  
disorders	
  
•  Speech	
  Pathology	
  
Support	
  Centre	
  for	
  Students	
  with	
  Special	
  Needs	
  
	
   The	
   mission	
   of	
   the	
   Centre	
   is	
   to	
   grant	
  
accessibility	
   to	
   students	
   with	
   sensory	
   and	
  
other	
   disabili-es	
   to	
   all	
   study	
   programs	
   and	
  
subjects	
  accredited	
  at	
  the	
  Masaryk	
  University	
  
in	
  Brno.	
  
Deaf	
  students	
  at	
  the	
  Masaryk	
  University	
  
Services	
  for	
  deaf	
  students	
  
•  Methodical	
  guidance	
  
for	
  interpreters	
  using	
  
special	
  terminology	
  
in	
  Czech	
  sign	
  
language	
  –	
  math.,	
  IT,	
  
biology,	
  special	
  
educa-on,	
  etc.	
  
Special	
  terminology	
  in	
  Czech	
  sign	
  language	
  
•  Special	
  terminology	
  in	
  Czech	
  sign	
  language	
  –	
  
special	
  educa-on	
  
Services	
  for	
  deaf	
  students	
  
•  Czech	
   sign	
   language	
   interpre*ng,	
   signing	
   exact	
  
Czech	
   interpre*ng	
   and	
   note-­‐taking	
   services	
   in	
  
seminars	
   and	
   lectures	
   as	
   well	
   as	
   in	
   official	
  
communica-on	
  within	
  the	
  University.	
  
•  Special	
   tui*on	
   of	
   various	
   courses	
   according	
   to	
  
individual	
  needs	
  in	
  Czech	
  sign	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  language	
  and/or	
  in	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Czech	
  language	
  via	
  chat.	
  
•  There	
   are	
   around	
   10	
   million	
   ci-zens	
   in	
   Czech	
  
Republic.	
  
•  There	
   are	
   around	
   300,000	
   individuals	
   with	
   hearing	
  
loss	
  in	
  CR.	
  	
  
•  A	
  majority	
  of	
  these	
  people	
  are	
  persons	
  in	
  whom	
  the	
  
hearing	
  impairment	
  occurred	
  in	
  advanced	
  age.	
  	
  
•  There	
  are	
  around	
  7,000	
  deaf	
  people	
  (deaf/Deaf).	
  
Persons	
  with	
  hearing	
  loss	
  in	
  CR	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
  We	
  s-ll	
  face	
  difficul-es	
  
with	
   late	
   detec-on	
   of	
  
children s	
   hearing	
   loss.	
  
W e	
   d o n t	
   h a v e	
  
Universal	
   Newborn	
  
Hearing	
  Screening	
  in	
  all	
  
hos-pals.	
  
The	
  situa*on	
  of	
  children	
  with	
  HL	
  in	
  CR	
  
•  TEOAE	
  or	
  DPOAE	
  
•  Tympanometry	
  
•  ABR,	
  NNABR	
  
•  ERA,	
  CERA	
  
•  SSEP	
  
•  VRA	
  
•  Audiometry	
  
	
  
•  The	
  audiologist/phoniatr	
  receives	
  training	
  as	
  the	
  
otolaryngologist	
  in	
  the	
  first	
  place…	
  
Hearing tests	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Despite	
  the	
  fact	
  that	
  -­‐	
  
t h e r e 	
   i s 	
   n o	
  
comprehensive	
   hearing	
  
tes-ng	
   of	
   newborn	
  
babies	
   in	
   the	
   CZ,	
   there	
  
exists	
  a	
  system	
  of	
  early	
  
interven*on.	
  
Early	
  interve*on	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Centers	
  of	
  Early	
  
Interven*on	
  for	
  Infants	
  and	
  
Toddlers	
  with	
  HL:	
  
	
  
•  1.	
   Centers	
   are	
   generally	
  
established	
   in	
   schools	
   for	
  
children	
  with	
  HL	
  -­‐	
  13	
  
•  2.	
  	
  Non-­‐profit	
  organiza-on	
  -­‐	
  2	
  
•  There	
  are	
  13	
  schools	
  for	
  students	
  with	
  HL	
  in	
  CR.	
  
The	
  schools	
  for	
  deaf	
  
•  There	
  are	
  2	
  centers	
  for	
  
cochlear	
   implan-on	
   for	
  
children	
   and	
   adults	
   –	
  
Prague,	
  Brno	
  
•  The	
  number	
  of	
  deaf	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   children	
   with	
   CI	
   is	
  
growing,	
   about	
   500.	
  
There	
   are	
   around	
   180	
  
deaf	
  adults	
  with	
  CI.	
  
Cochlear	
  implants	
  
	
  	
  	
  Educa*onal	
  System	
  in	
  the	
  USA	
  
	
  
•  Day	
  Care	
  Center	
  …	
  from	
  6	
  
weeks….	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
•  Preschool	
  4–6	
  
•  Elementary	
  school	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
6–11	
  
•  Middle	
  school	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
11–14	
  
•  High	
  school	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
14–18	
  
•  College	
  or	
  University	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
18–23.....	
  
Educa*onal	
  System	
  in	
  the	
  CZ	
  
	
  
•  Maternity	
  leave…	
  
•  Preschool	
  3–6	
  
•  Elementary/Middle	
  School	
  	
  	
  	
  
6–14	
  
•  High	
  School	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
14–18	
  
•  University	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
18	
  –.....	
  
System	
  of	
  educa*on	
  
•  Students	
  with	
  HL	
  can	
  be	
  mainstreamed	
  or	
  agend	
  the	
  
special	
  schools	
  for	
  deaf.	
  
•  Day-­‐school	
  or	
  residen-al	
  schools	
  for	
  deaf	
  consist	
  of	
  
preschool,	
  elementary	
  school,	
  and	
  6	
  of	
  them	
  consist	
  
of	
  high	
  school	
  as	
  well.	
  
•  Methods	
  in	
  deaf	
  educa-on:	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  2	
  schools	
  –	
  bilingual	
  access	
  
1	
  school	
  –	
  oral	
  method	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  rest	
  –	
  total	
  communica-on	
  
The	
  schools	
  for	
  deaf	
  
•  For	
  10	
  years.	
  
•  Deaf	
   and	
   hearing	
   teachers,	
   or	
   deaf	
   assistants	
  
working	
  together	
  with	
  hearing	
  teachers.	
  
•  Once	
  a	
  year	
  there	
  is	
  a	
  big	
  sports	
  compe--on	
  for	
  all	
  
schools.	
  
The	
  elementary	
  schools	
  for	
  deaf
•  Historically	
  there	
  were	
  very	
  few	
  possibili-es	
  for	
  deaf	
  students	
  
–	
  usually	
  only	
  the	
  crais.	
  
•  Presently	
   the	
   deaf	
   student	
   can	
   also	
   graduate	
   with	
   these	
  
cer-fica-ons	
  or	
  degrees:	
  
•  Grammar	
  school	
  (general	
  studies),	
  4	
  years	
  
•  Pre-­‐school	
  educa-on,	
  
•  Graphic	
  designer,	
  
•  Assistant	
  of	
  dental	
  laboratory,	
  
•  Informa-on	
  technology	
  in	
  economy,	
  
•  Computer	
  systems	
  and	
  Applied	
  electrotechnics,	
  
•  Hotel	
  management	
  and	
  Travel	
  industry	
  
The	
  high	
  schools	
  
•  Deaf	
  people	
  can	
  study	
  anything,	
  but	
  there	
  is	
  no	
  guarantee	
  
that	
  interpreters	
  will	
  be	
  available.	
  
•  In	
  Czech	
  Republic	
  there	
  are	
  two	
  University	
  programs	
  special	
  
for	
  Deaf	
  students	
  but	
  also	
  for	
  hearing	
  students	
  too:	
  	
  
•  1.	
  Established	
  in	
  1992	
  –	
  Drama-c	
  Art	
  (in	
  Brno)	
  	
  
•  2.	
  Established	
  in	
  1998	
  –	
  Deaf	
  Studies	
  (in	
  Prague,	
  with	
  a	
  major	
  in	
  the	
  
linguis-cs	
  of	
  sign	
  language)	
  
The	
  university	
  educa-on	
  for	
  deaf	
  students	
  
•  Linguis-c	
   research	
   of	
   Czech	
   sign	
   language	
   began	
   in	
  
1993.	
  
•  People	
  with	
  HL	
  in	
  CR	
  have	
  free-­‐of-­‐charge	
  services	
  of	
  
an	
   interpreter	
   for	
   the	
   purposes	
   of	
   a	
   medical	
  
appointment,	
   administra-on	
   nego-a-ons	
   and	
   for	
  
securing	
  other	
  needs	
  based	
  on	
  the	
  law	
  No.	
  155/1998	
  
and	
   No.	
   384/2008	
   of	
   systems	
   of	
   communica-on	
   of	
  
deaf	
  and	
  deanlind	
  people.	
  
Law	
  for	
  systems	
  of	
  communica*on	
  for	
  deaf	
  and	
  deaclind	
  people	
  
There	
  are	
  4	
  organiza*ons	
  of	
  sign	
  language	
  interpreters	
  in	
  the	
  
Czech	
  Republic:	
  
	
  
1.	
  The	
  Organiza-on	
  of	
  Sign	
  Language	
  Interpreters	
  
2.	
  The	
  Czech	
  Associa-on	
  of	
  Sign	
  Language	
  Interpreters	
  
3.	
  The	
  Na-onal	
  Council	
  of	
  interpreters	
  and	
  sign	
  language	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  teachers	
  
4.	
  The	
  Czech	
  Chamber	
  of	
  Sign	
  Language	
  Interpreters	
  
	
  
Organiza*ons	
  of	
  Sign	
  Language	
  Interpreters	
  
What	
  are	
  the	
  main	
  aims	
  of	
  organiza*ons	
  of	
  sign	
  language	
  
interpreters	
  ?	
  
	
  
•  Enhancing	
  the	
  quality	
  of	
  professional	
  interpre-ng	
  for	
  the	
  deaf	
  
-­‐	
  historically	
  there	
  were	
  very	
  few	
  possibili-es	
  for	
  deaf	
  to	
  use	
  a	
  
professional	
  interpre-ng	
  services	
  	
  (usually	
  "CODA"	
  -­‐	
  Children	
  
Of	
  Deaf	
  Adults).	
  
•  Educa-on	
  in	
  the	
  field	
  of	
  interpre-ng	
  for	
  the	
  deaf.	
  
•  Suppor-ng	
  the	
  interests	
  of	
  interpreters	
  for	
  the	
  deaf.	
  
•  Crea-ng	
  learning	
  programs	
  for	
  deaf	
  children,	
  for	
  professionals	
  
and	
  interpreters	
  for	
  the	
  deaf.	
  
Organizations of sign language interpreters	
  
•  Interpre-ng	
  at	
  social	
  and	
  cultural	
  events	
  organised	
  for	
  the	
  
deaf	
  
hgp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFDCgnRJ9u0	
  
	
  
Organizations of sign language interpreters	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  „Speaking	
  as	
  a	
  deaf	
  person	
  I	
  believe	
  that	
  the	
  most	
  effec9ve	
  
"cure"	
   for	
   deafness	
   is	
   not	
   medicine,	
   not	
   mechanical	
   or	
  
electronic	
  devices	
  nor	
  the	
  surgical	
  blade,	
  but	
  understanding.	
  
And,	
  ironically,	
  understanding	
  is	
  free.	
  Before	
  we	
  can	
  develop	
  
u n d e r s t a n d i n g ,	
   h o w e v e r ,	
   w e	
   m u s t	
   c r e a t e	
  
awareness. (awareness	
  of	
  Deaf	
  culture)	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Jack	
  R.	
  Gannon,	
  1979	
  	
  
	
   	
   	
   	
   	
   (Shagering	
   silence	
   throughtout	
   the	
   world.	
   Presented	
   at	
   the	
   Six-eth	
   Annual	
  
Conven-on	
  of	
  Quota	
  Interna-onal,	
  July	
  16th,	
  1979,	
  Philadelphia,	
  Pennsylvania)	
  
Deaf	
  Culture	
  
deaf	
  	
  x	
  Deaf	
  
•  Spreadthesign.com	
  is	
  an	
  interna-onal	
  dic-onary	
  
of	
  sign	
  languages.	
  This	
  self-­‐learning	
  tool	
  is	
  free	
  to	
  
use	
  for	
  all	
  in	
  the	
  world.	
  	
  
hgp://www.spreadthesign.com/gb/	
  
•  Quiet	
  sign	
  of	
  love	
  
hgp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cT9CSuelX-­‐E	
  
Reference:	
  
•  hgp://www.agbell.org/	
  
•  hgp://www.asha.org/	
  
•  hgp://www.batod.org.uk/	
  
•  hgp://www.raisingdeavids.org/	
  
	
  
Cole,	
   E.,	
   Flexer,	
   C.	
   Children	
   with	
   Hearing	
   Loss:	
   Developing	
   Listening	
   and	
  
Talking,	
  Birth	
  to	
  Six,	
  Plural	
  Publishing,	
  2010	
  
	
  
Marschark,	
   M.,	
   Spencer,	
   P.	
   E.	
   The	
   Oxford	
   Handbook	
   of	
   Deaf	
   Studies,	
  
Language,	
   and	
   Educa9on,	
   Volume	
   1	
   (Oxford	
   Library	
   of	
   Psychology),	
   Oxford	
  
University	
  Press	
  ,	
  2011	
  
	
  
Spencer,	
  P.	
  E.	
  ,	
  Marschark,	
  M.,Evidence-­‐Based	
  Prac9ce	
  in	
  Educa9ng	
  Deaf	
  and	
  
Hard-­‐of-­‐Hearing	
   Students	
   (Professional	
   Perspec9ves	
   on	
   Deafness:	
   Evidence	
  
and	
  Applica9ons),	
  Oxford	
  University	
  Press,	
  2010	
  
	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  for your attention.