Oncological disease of the skin
Teaching lesson 7
Written by: Zdeňka Smejkalová, Jitka Slaná Reissmannová

Skin cancer
•Melanoma = very dangerous type of skin cancer
•Inconspicuous spot
•Extensive metastases at a later stage
(1)

Occurrence of skin cancer
(2)
Skin cancer is the most frequent neoplastic disease!

(3)



Risk factors
•Ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) – comes from sunshine
•Excessive sunbathing
•Repeated sunbathing
•Excessive sunbathing in childhood
•Absence of sun protection creams
•Persons classified as phototype 1 and 2
•Persons with a large number of birthmarks
•Solaria
•Inheritance

Symptoms
•A warning sign should be any change on the skin, mostly this is a change in the birthmark!
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(4)

Symptoms
•Change in birthmark colour (usually dark colour)
•Spotty appearance
•Change in size, surface spreading of the birthmark
•Irregular edges
•Bleeding or itching birthmark
•The melanoma is a pigmented spot, which gradually changes
•Spots under nails
•A malignant tumour may resemble a wart, callus, or bruise
(5)

Prevention
•Avoid direct exposure to sunshine (between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m.)
•Use of sunscreens with protective factor
•Stay in a shade
•Avoid solariums
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•Self-examination of the skin – three times a year
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•Skin cancer – video
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References
•ARENBERGER, Petr. Maligní melanom a ostatní nádory kůže. Linkos [online]. c2018, 10.9.2014 [cit.
2018-05-07]. Retrieved from:
https://www.linkos.cz/pacient-a-rodina/onkologicke-diagnozy/maligni-melanom-spinaliom-bazaliom-c43-
44-d03/maligni-melanom-a-ostatni-nadory-kuze/
•Kožní nádory. Vitalion [online]. c2018 [cit. 2018-05-07]. Retrieved from:
https://nemoci.vitalion.cz/kozni-nadory/
•Melanom.cz [online]. 2018 [cit. 2018-05-08]. Retrieved from: http://www.melanom.cz/
•VOJAČKOVÁ, Naděžda a Michaela FRIDRICHOVÁ. Kůže a její ochrana: obecné informace pro pacienty.
Praha: Liga proti rakovině, 2013. ISBN 978-80-260-5064-3.
•Figures:
•(1), (4), (5): Melanom.cz [online]. 2018 [cit. 2018-05-08]. Retrieved from: http://www.melanom.cz/
•(2), (3): Novotvary 2015 ČR [online]. Praha: Ústav zdravotnických informací a statistik ČR, 2015.
[cit. 30/04/2018]. Retrieved from: http://www.uzis.cz/publikace/novotvary-2015
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