1. Repetition and parallelism.
rep: "A horse, a horse! A kingdom for a horse!"
par:  Those that I fight I do not hate
         Those that I guard I do not love.
Identification and analysis:
1. repetition of words.
2. repetition of meanings.
3. syntactic parallelism.
4. rhytmic par.
5. par. of sound patterning
Functions:
1. holds the text together
2. helps to create the meaning
3. makes the text easier to remember
4. creates and fails expectations
5. provides pleasure

2. Juxtaposition
placing side by side, no linkage
Spring rain:                                  Overnight
Soaking on the roof                   My razor rusted
Child´s rag ball.                          The May rains

3. Allusion and intertextuality.
Allusion:  when a text makes an explicit/implicit reference to
another text; serves to place the text within cultural tradition
Varieties of allusion
1. through a verbal reference
2. through epigraphs
3. through names of the characters
4. through choice of titles
Intertextuality: ways texts interact with other texts: -through
genre

- through parody