1.3 SKLONENIE imėn prilagatel'nyh Sklonenie s tvėrdoj osnovoj -- obrazcy skloneniya +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezhi |Edinstvennoe chislo | | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod | |-----------+-------------------------+-------------------------+----------------------------| |I. |novyj |molodoj |novoe |molodoe |novaya |molodaya | |-----------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------+--------------| |R. |novogo |molodogo |novogo |molodogo |novoj |molodoj | |-----------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------+--------------| |D. |novomu |molodomu |novomu |molodomu |novoj |molodoj | |-----------+---------------------------------------------------+-------------+--------------| |V. | neodush. kak v I. p. |novuyu |moloduyu | | | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | | | |-----------+---------------------------------------------------+-------------+--------------| |P. |o novom |o molodom |o novom |o molodom |o novoj |o molodoj | |-----------+-----------+-------------+----------+--------------+-------------+--------------| |T. |novym |molodym |novym |molodym |novoj |molodoj | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |(-oyu) |(-oyu) | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Mnozhestvennoe chislo dlya vseh rodov | |------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------| |I. |novye |molodye | |------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------| |R. |novyh |molodyh | |------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------| |D. |novym |molodym | |------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------| |V. | neodush. kak v I. p. | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | |------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------------| |P. |o novyh |o molodyh | |------------------------------+------------------------------+------------------------------| |T. |novymi |molodymi | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Komentarij k paradigme -- tip novyj, molodoj: Okonchaniya v imenitel'nom padezhe edinstvennogo chisla muzhskogo roda -yj i -oj zavisyat ot udareniya: 1) okonchanie -yj imeyut prilagatel'nye s udareniem na osnove, kotoroe sohranyaetsya vo vseh padezhnyh formah; 2) okonchanie -oj imeyut prilagatel'nye s udareniem na okonchanii, kotoroe takzhe sohranyaetsya vo vseh padezhnyh formah. Na -oj v muzhskom rode okanchivayutsya prilagatel'nye, oboznachayuschie: a) opredelėnnye nedostatki v organizme, napr.: bol'noj, gluhoj, slepoj, nemoj, krivoj i dr.; b) anatomicheskie ponyatiya, napr.: glaznoj, golovnoj, grudnoj, gubnoj, zubnoj, mozgovoj, nozhnoj, ruchnoj, spinnoj, ushnoj i dr.; v) drugie priznaki, napr.: bol'shoj, plohoj, chuzhoj, suhoj, krutoj, morskoj i dr. V tvoritel'nom padezhe edinstvennogo chisla zhenskogo roda okonchanie -oj mozhet byt' zameneno v torzhestvennom ili po`eticheskom stile okonchaniem -oyu, napr.: krovavoyu rukoyu i dr. Prilagatel'nye s okonchaniem na -yj kolichestvenno preobladayut nad prilagatel'nymi na -oj. Sklonenie s myagkoj osnovoj -- obrazcy skloneniya +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Edinstvennoe chislo |Mnozhestv. chislo dlya vseh rodov| | |-----------------------------------------------| | | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod | | |----------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------| |I. |letnij |letnee |letnyaya |letnie | |----------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------| |R. |letnego |letnego |letnej |letnih | |----------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------| |D. |letnemu |letnemu |letnej |letnim | |----------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------------------------| |V. | neodush. kak v I. p. |letnyuyu | neodush. kak v I. p. | | | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | | odush.kak v R. p. | |----------+-------------------------------+---------------+---------------------------------| |P. |o letnem |o letnem |o letnej |o letnim | |----------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------------------------| |T. |letnim |letnim |letnej |letnimi | | | | | | | | | | |(-eyu) | | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Komentarij k paradigme -- tip letnij: K `etomu tipu otnosyatsya: 1) prilagatel'nye s prostranstvennym znacheniem, napr.: verhnij, nizhnij, perednij, srednij, zadnij, poslednij, krajnij, vnutrennij, vneshnij, postoronnij, sosednij, zdeshnij, domashnij, inogorodnij (no: mezhdugorodnyj) i dr.; 2) prilagatel'nye s vremennym znacheniem, napr.: rannij, pozdnij, vcherashnij, segodnyashnij, zavtrashnij, utrennij, vechernij, prezhnij, davnij, togdashnij, vesennij, letnij, osennij, zimnij, nyneshnij, subbotnij, vsegdashnij i dr.; 3) prilagatel'nye s `elementom -godnij, -letnij, -storonnij, napr.: proshlogodnij, novogodnij (no: ezhegodnyj), mnogoletnij, dvuhletnij, sovershennoletnij, odnostoronnij, raznostoronnij i dr.; 4) prilagatel'nye s drugimi znacheniyami, napr.: iskrennij (privet), sinij (cvet), lishnij (bilet), dnevnij (`ekzemplyar), synovnij (dolg), porozhnij (vagon), zamuzhnyaya (zhenschina). V tvoritel'nom padezhe edinstvennogo chisla zhenskogo roda okonchanie -ej mozhet byt' zameneno v torzhestvennom ili po`eticheskom stile okonchaniem -eyu, napr.: letneyu tucheyu. Sklonenie s osnovoj na g, k, h, zh, sh, c -- obrazcy skloneniya +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Edinstvennoe chislo |Mnozhestv. | | |--------------------------------------------------| | | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod |chislo dlya vseh rodov | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |I. |strogij |strogoe |strogaya |strogie | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |R. |strogogo |strogogo |strogoj |strogih | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |D. |strogomu |strogomu |strogoj |strogim | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |V. |neodush. kak v I. p. |stroguyu |neodush. kak v I. p. | | | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | |odush.kak v R. p. | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |P. |o strogom |o strogom |o strogoj |o strogih | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |T. |strogim |strogim |strogoj |strogimi | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Edinstvennoe chislo |Mnozhestv. | | |--------------------------------------------------| | | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod |chislo dlya vseh rodov | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |I. |bol'shoj |bol'shoe |bol'shaya |bol'shie | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |R. |bol'shogo |bol'shogo |bol'shoj |bol'shih | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |D. |bol'shomu |bol'shomu |bol'shoj |bol'shim | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |V. |neodush. kak v I. p. |bol'shuyu |neodush. kak v I. p. | | | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | | odush.kak v R. p. | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |P. |o bol'shom |o bol'shom |o bol'shoj |o bol'shih | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |T. |bol'shim |bol'shim |bol'shoj |bol'shimi | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Komentarij k paradigme -- tip strogij, bol'shoj: Okonchaniya v imenitel'nom padezhe edinstvennogo chisla muzhskogo roda -ij i -oj zavisyat ot udareniya: 1) okonchanie -ij imeyut prilagatel'nye s udareniem na osnove, kotoroe sohranyaetsya vo vseh padezhnyh formah; 2) okonchanie -oj imeyut prilagatel'nye s udareniem na okonchanii, kotoroe takzhe sohranyaetsya vo vseh padezhnyh formah. Sklonenie prityazhatel'nyh prilagatel'nyh s suffiksami -j- (-ij) i -in/-yn -- tip volchij, mamin +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Edinstvennoe chislo |Mnozhestv. | | |--------------------------------------------------| | | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod |chislo dlya vseh rodov | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |I. |volchij |volch'e |volch'ya |volch'i | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |R. |volch'ego |volch'ego |volch'ej |volch'ih | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |D. |volch'emu |volch'emu | | | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |V. |neodush. kak v I. p. |volch'yu |neodush. kak v I. p. | | | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | | odush.kak v R. p. | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |P. |o volch'em |o volch'em |o volch'ej |o volch'ih | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |T. |volch'im |volch'im |volch'ej |volch'imi | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Edinstvennoe chislo |Mnozhestv. | | |--------------------------------------------------| | | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod |chislo dlya vseh rodov | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |I. |mamin |mamino |mamina |maminy | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |R. |maminogo |maminogo |maminoj |maminyh | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |D. |maminomu |maminomu |maminoj |maminym | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |V. | neodush. kak v I. p. |maminu |neodush. kak v I. p. | | | | | | | | odush.kak v R. p. | | odush.kak v R. p. | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |P. |o maminom |o maminom |o maminoj |o maminyh | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |T. |maminym |maminym |maminoj |maminymi | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Komentarij k paradigme -- tip volchij, mamin: 1) Prityazhatel'nye prilagatel'nye s suffiksom -j- (-ij) v imenitel'nom i vinitel'nym padezhah edinstvennogo i mnozhestvennogo chisla imeyut okonchaniya suschestvitel'nyh; vo vseh ostal'nyh padezhah formy ih okonchanij sovpadayut s okonchaniyami kachestvennyh i otnositel'nyh prilagatel'nyh. Prityazhatel'nye prilagatel'nye s suffiksom -j- (-ij) obrazuyutsya ot nazvanij lic i zhivotnyh, napr.: kazak -- kazachij, ohotnik -- ohotnichij, rybak -- rybachij, baran -- baranij, volk -- volchij, lisa -- lisij, korova -- korovij, ryba -- rybij i dr. 2) Prityazhatel'nye prilagatel'nye s suffiksami -in (-yn), -ov/-ev v odnih padezhah (v imenitel'nom, roditel'nom, datel'nom i vinitel'nom padezhah muzhskogo i srednego roda, a takzhe v imenitel'nom i vinitel'nom padezhah zhenskogo roda i v teh zhe padazhah mnozhestvennogo chisla) imeyut okonchaniya suschestvitel'nyh, v drugih (vo vseh ostal'nyh padezhah) -- okonchaniya polnyh kachestvennyh i otnositel'nyh prilagatel'nyh. Prityazhatel'nye prilagatel'nye s suffiksom -in obrazuyutsya preimuschestvenno ot nazvanij lic, rezhe -- ot nazvanij zhivotnyh, napr.: Irina -- Irinin, Volodya -- Volodin, Kolya -- Kolin, papa -- papin, mama -- mamin, tėtya -- tėtin, koshka -- koshkin, kurica -- kuricyn, kukushka -- kukushkin i dr. Vse prityazhatel'nye prilagatel'nye s suffiksom -in/-yn, kak pravilo, imeyut ustojchivoe udarenie na osnove (no: Il'in). Prityazhatel'nye prilagatel'nye s bezudarnym suffiksom -in/-yn mogut imet' v formah roditel'nogo i datel'nogo padezhej edinstvennogo chisla variantnye okonchaniya, napr.: bez Katinogo kotėnka -- Katina kotėnka, k Katinomu kotėnku -- Katinu kotėnku. Sklonenie prityazhatel'nyh prilagatel'nyh s suffiksom -ov/-v -- tip otcov +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |Padezh |Edinstvennoe chislo |Mnozhestv. | | |--------------------------------------------------| | | |Muzhskoj rod |Srednij rod |ZHenskij rod |chislo dlya vseh rodov | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |I. |otcov |otcovo |otcova |otcovy | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |R. |otcova |otcova |otcovoj |otcovyh | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |D. |otcovu |otcovu |otcovoj |otcovym | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |V. | kak v I. p. |otcovu |kak v I. p. | |-----------------+---------------------------------+----------------+-----------------------| |P. |ob otcovom |ob otcovom |ob otcovoj |ob otcovyh | |-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+-----------------------| |T. |otcovym |otcovym |otcovoj |otcovymi | +--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Komentarij k paradigme -- tip otcov: Po obrazcu otcov izmenyayutsya nemnogochislennye prilagatel'nye, napr.: dedov, carev, slesarev, chėrtov, krokodilov (sr. krokodilovy slėzy), a takzhe vse russkie muzhskie familii na -ov/-ev i -in s odnoj osobennost'yu: v predlozhnom padezhe muzhskogo roda oni imeyut okonchanie -e, a ne -om, napr.: o Pavlove, ob Ivanove, o Kostine.