Vocabulary Explanation Translation
sedimentary rock rock that is formed from sediments
basalt
a dark-green or black rock formed when hot
liquid rock from a volcano becomes solid.
It is a type of igneous rock.
cause
to make something happen, usually
something bad. cause damage/problems/
trouble.
deposition
a process in which layers of a substance
form gradually over a period of time.
erosion
the process by which the surface of land or
rock is gradually damaged by the action of
water, the wind, the sea, or glaciers.
extraction
the process or action of removing something
from a particular place.
geology the scientific study of the structure of the Earth.
glacier a very large mass of ice that moves very slowly.
igneous rock rock that is formed from melted materials
lava
what magma is called after it reaches the
surface of the earth
limestone
a type of white or grey stone that consists mainly of
calcium carbonate and is formed from the skeletons
and shells of sea animals. Limestone is a sedimentary
rock.
magma
liquid rock that is found in some places
beneath the earth's surface
marble
a hard smooth metamorphic rock that is used for
building and making statues. It is a type of limestone
and is usually white or grey with marks of another
colour in it.
metamorphic roc
rock that is formed deep within the earth's
crust when minerals and rocks are changed
by very great heat and pressure which changes the
crystal structure
mineral composition a list of the minerals that make up rock
rock
a mixture of minerals that is beneath all soil
and water in the earth's surface
rock cycle
the process which rock is changed from one
class to another
sandstone
a type of stone that is made mainly of grains of
quartz and other minerals. It is a type of sedimentary
rock, and can be red, yellow, grey, or brown.
texture
the pattern made by size, shape and
arrangement of the particles that are in rock
weathering
the process by which rocks and minerals are
broken into very small pieces by the action of rain,
snow, frost, water etc.