TOPIC 1: MIGRATION TASK 1 DISCUSSION. What do the pictures below have in common? What do they represent for you? How would you relate them to the topic of the unit? http://history-of-irish-scottish-in-america.weebly.com/hard-times-and-immigration-to-the-new-world. html ^ ^https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/03/angela-merkel-just-fact-shamed-donald-trump-about-the-one- thing-hes-supposed-to-know ^ TASK 2A DEFINITIONS. Match the following terms with their definitions. ASYLUM SEEKER, ECONOMIC MIGRANT, IMMIGRANT, REFUGEE 1 ___________________ = someone who leaves their country of origin in order to improve their quality of life (usually without a legal permission) 2 ___________________ = someone who leaves their home country and goes to live in another country 3 ___________________ = someone who is outside their country because they are afraid of persecution in their own country on the grounds of race, religion, a particular social group membership, etc. 4 ___________________ = someone who has made a claim that he is a refugee and is awaiting the determination of their status ??? What is the difference between a migrant (immigrant) and a refugee? TASK 2B VIDEO + LISTENING. Answer the questions according to the listening: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUnGCXpfSS8&feature=youtu.be (retrieved on 12th September 2017) 1. What was the reaction of Hungarian Prime Minister to the decision of the court? 2. How many people passed through Hungary two years ago? 3. How many asylum seekers are registered in Hungary now? 4. Why is the timing of the issue important for the politicians? TASK 3A READING. Read the text and prepare a set of 5 quiz questions based on it. Work in two groups and ask the quiz questions the other team. Pay attention to verb tenses in your questions. Migration in Medieval and early modern Europe The medieval period, although often presented as a time of limited human mobility and slow social change in the history of Europe, in fact saw widespread movement of peoples. The Vikings from Scandinavia raided all over Europe from the eighth century and settled in many places, including Normandy, the north of England, Scotland, and Ireland (most of whose urban centers were founded by the Vikings). The Normans later conquered the Saxon Kingdom of England, most of Ireland, southern Italy and Sicily—although the migration associated with these conquests was relatively limited—the Normans in most cases forming only a small ruling class. Iberia was invaded by Muslim Arabs, Berbers, and Moors in the eighth century, founding new Kingdoms such as al Andalus and bringing with them a wave of settlers from North Africa. In the other direction, European Christian armies conquered Palestine for a time during the Crusades in the eleventh to thirteenth centuries, founding three Christian kingdoms and settling them with Christian Knights and their families. This permanent migration was relatively small however and was one of the reasons why the Crusaders eventually lost their hold on the Holy Lands. In the fourteenth century, German military colonists settled the Baltic region, becoming a ruling elite. At the end of the Middle Ages, the Roma arrived in Europe (to Iberia and the Balkans) from the Middle East, originating from the Indus river. Internal European migration stepped up in the Early Modern Period. In this period, major migration within Europe included the recruiting by monarchs of landless laborers to settle depopulated or uncultivated regions and a series of forced migration caused by religious persecution. Notable examples of this phenomenon include mass migration of Protestants from the Spanish Netherlands to the Dutch Republic after the 1580s, the expelling of Jews and Moriscos from Spain in the 1590s, and the expulsion of the Huguenots from France in the 1680s. Since the fourteenth century, the Serbs started leaving the areas of their medieval Kingdom and Empire that was overrun by the Ottoman Turks and migrated to the north, to the lands of today's Vojvodina (northern Serbia), which was ruled by the Kingdom of Hungary at that time. The Habsburg monarchs of Austria encouraged them to settle on their frontier with the Turks and provide military service by granting them free land and religious toleration. The two greatest migrations took place in 1690 and 1737. Other instances of labor recruitments include the Plantations of Ireland - the settling of Ireland with Protestant English colonists in the period 1560-1690 and the recruitment of Germans by Catherine the Great of Russia to settle the Volga region in the eighteenth century. European Colonialism from the sixteenth to the early twentieth centuries led to an imposition of European colonies in many regions of the world, particularly in the Americas, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Australia, where European languages remain either prevalent or in frequent use as administrative languages. Major human migration before the eighteenth century was largely state directed. For instance, Spanish emigration to the New World was limited to settlers from Castile who were intended to acts as soldiers or administrators. Mass immigration was not encouraged due to a labor shortage in Europe (of which Spain was the worst affected by a depopulation of its core territories in the seventeenth century). Europeans also tended to die of tropical diseases in the New World in this period and for this reason, England, France, and Spain preferred using slaves to free labor in their American possessions. This changed in the eighteenth century due to population increases in Europe. Spanish restrictions on emigration to Latin America were revoked and the English colonies in North America saw a major influx of settlers attracted by cheap or free land, economic opportunity, and religious toleration. By 1800, European emigration had transformed the demographic character of the American continent. Their influence elsewhere was less pronounced as in South Asia and Africa, European settlement in this period was limited to thin layer of administrators, traders, and soldiers. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Human_migration TASK 3B READING. Think about which words can be derived from the following words (prefixes and sufixes will help). founding originating uncultivated toleration shortage religious TASK 3C Say whether the following statements are true or false. Find justification for your answers in the text. 1.Normans usually created a large ruling class when conquering other parts of the world. T / F 2.The Crusaders managed to hold the Holy Land for centuries. T / F 3.Migration within Europe was directed by the monarchs and often had a religious background. T / F 4.Migrants from Germany settled in Russia because there was a need for workers in that time. T / F 5.North America attracted new settlers with cheap land and new crops. T / F TASK 4A There are 3 questions below. Your task is to find a text and a visual aid that answer the individual questions. o Which countries are migrants from? o Where are migrants going? o How has Europe responded? A: Tensions in the EU have been rising because of the disproportionate burden faced by some countries, particularly the countries where the majority of migrants have been arriving: Greece, Italy and Hungary. In September, EU ministers voted by a majority to relocate 160,000 refugees EU-wide, but for now the plan will only apply to those who are in Italy and Greece. Another 54,000 were to be moved from Hungary, but the Hungarian government rejected this plan and will instead receive more migrants from Italy and Greece as part of the relocation scheme. B: Although not all of those arriving in Europe choose to claim asylum, many do. Germany received the highest number of new asylum applications in 2015, with more than 476,000. But far more people have arrived in the country - German officials said more than a million had been counted in Germany's "EASY" system for counting and distributing people before they make asylum claims. Hungary moved into second place for asylum applications, as more migrants made the journey overland through Greece and the Western Balkans. It had 177,130 applications by the end of December. C: The conflict in Syria continues to be by far the biggest driver of migration. But violence in Afghanistan and Iraq, abuses in Eritrea, as well as poverty in Kosovo, are also leading people to look for new lives elsewhere. Taken from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34131911 TASK 4B WRITING. Select one of the questions and answer it in more details that are shown in a respective graph / map. Try to use transition words such as: in contrast to, on the other hand, similarly to, whereas… to show the relations between the countries. HOMEWORK WORDFORMATION. The following text describes the difference between migrants and refugees. Complete the gaps with words created from the words in brackets. The word migrant is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "one who moves, either temporarily or 1 ___________________ (PERMANENT), from one place, area, or country of 2 __________________ (RESIDE) to another". A refugee is, according to the 1951 Refugee Convention, any person who "owing to a well-founded fear" of 3 __________________ (PERSECUTE) is outside their country of nationality and "unable" or "unwilling" to seek the protection of that country. To gain the status, one has to go through the legal process of claiming asylum. The word migrant has 4 __________________ (TRADITION) been considered a neutral term, but some criticise the BBC and other media for using a word they say implies something 5 __________________ (VOLUNTEER) , and should not be applied to people fleeing danger. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34142512 (3/9/2015) VOCABULARY (to) abuse /əˈbjuːs/ /əˈbjuːz/ zneužívání, zneužívat applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ žadatel application for sth /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ žádost o to apply for /əˈplaɪ/ žádat o appropriate /əˈprəʊpriət/ patřičný, vhodný approval /əˈpruːv(ə)l/ schválení to approve of /əˈpruːv/ schválit asylum /əˈsaɪləm/ azyl attitude to /ˈætɪˌtjuːd/ postoj authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ zde: úřad border /ˈbɔː(r)də(r)/ hranice (státní) to break out /breɪk/ /aʊt/ vypuknout, propuknout Chancellor /ˈtʃɑːnsələ(r)/ kancléř, kancléřka to compare sth /kəmˈpeə(r)/ srovnat consequence /ˈkɒnsɪkwəns/ důsledek crisis, crises /ˈkraɪsɪs/ /ˈkraɪsɪ:z/ krize (sg.), krize (pl.) currency /ˈkʌrənsi/ měna to deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ zde: upřít, nepovolit to deport /dɪˈpɔː(r)t/ deportovat determination /dɪˌtɜː(r)mɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ určení, stanovení to determine /dɪˌtɜː(r)mɪˈn/ určit, stanovit *disproportionate /ˌdɪsprəˈpɔː(r)ʃ(ə)nət/ nerovnoměrný, neúměrný to discourage sb from (doing) sth /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒ/ odradit, bránit to distribute sth /dɪˈstrɪbjuːt/ distribuovat, rozdělovat economic /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌekəˈnɒmɪk/ ekonomický, hospodářský to encourage sb to do sth /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ povzbuzovat, podporovat entitled to /ɪnˈtaɪt(ə)l(ə)d/ mající nárok na to force sb to do sth /fɔː(r)s/ nutit, přimět freedom /ˈfriːdəm/ svoboda immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/ imigrant immigration /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n/ imigrace imprisonment /ɪmˈprɪz(ə)nmənt/ uvěznění, odnětí svobody to introduce sth /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ uvést, zavést jobseeker /ˈdʒɒbsiːkə/ žadatel o práci left-wing pravicový member /ˈmembə(r)/ člen membership /ˈmembə(r)ʃɪp/ členství to migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ migrovat migrant, migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃ(ə)n/ migrace, migrant to monitor /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ monitorovat movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ hnutí permanent /ˈpɜː(r)mənənt/ trvalý permanently /ˈpɜː(r)mənəntli/ trvale to persecute /ˈpɜː(r)sɪˌkjuːt/ pronásledovat, perzekuovat persecution /pɜː(r)sɪˈkjuːʃ(ə)n/ pronásledování, perzekuce to prevent sb from (doing) sth /prɪˈvent/ zabraňovat, bránit to propose /prəˈpəʊz/ navrhnout quota /ˈkwəʊtə/ kvóta poverty /ˈpɒvə(r)ti/ chudoba refuguee /ˌrefjʊˈdʒiː/ uprchlík regulation /ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ regulace, regulační religion /rɪˈlɪdʒ(ə)n/ náboženství resistance /rɪˈzɪst(ə)ns/ odpor right-wing pravicový riot /ˈraɪət/ nepokoj, výtržnost route /ruːt/ trasa sacrifice /ˈsækrɪfaɪs/ oběť sceptical /ˈskeptɪk(ə)l/ skeptický to sentence sb to /ˈsentəns/ odsoudit k (výkonu trestu) sexual /ˈsekʃuəl/ sexuální, sexuálně motivovaný solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ solidarita target /ˈtɑː(r)ɡɪt/ zde: kvantifikovatelný cíl temporary, temporarily /ˈtemp(ə)rəri/ přechodný, přechodně to threaten /ˈθret(ə)n/ hrozit, vyhrožovat, ohrožovat to tighten /ˈtaɪt(ə)/ zde: zpřísňovat violence /ˈvaɪələns/ násilí voluntary /ˈvɒlənt(ə)ri/ dobrovolný to weaken /ˈwiːkən/ oslabit to withdraw (sth) /wɪðˈdrɔː/ stáhnout se, stáhnout něco SELECTED PHRASES to approve an asylum claim/application – schválit žádost o azyl assylum application / claim - žádost o azyl asylum applicant / seeker – žadatel o azyl to be entitled to asylum – mít nárok na azyl to build fences along the borders – stavět na hranicích ploty to carry out/commit a sexual attack – spáchat sexuálně motivovaný útok country of origin – země původu country of residence - země pobytu to deny the right of asylum – odepřít právo na azyl determination of status – určení statutu to discourage Muslims from seeking asylum – odrazovat muslimské žadatele o azyl EU joint policy on asylum seekers – společný postup EU v otázce žadatelů o azyl migrants entering the EU – migranti vstupující do EU entry to the EU – vstup do EU to identify refugees in a centre – identifikovat uprchlíky v centru to process the application – zpracovat žádost to propose changes – navrhnout změny to submit an application – podat žádost EU member states – členské státy EU refugee camp – uprchlický tábor relocation scheme - plán, schéma, systém relokace open door migrant policy – migrační politika otevřených dveří riot police in riot gear – pořádková policie v zásahové výstroji sexual attack - sexuálně motivovaný útok sharp disagreement over sth - ostrý nesouhlas / neshoda kvůli to sentence sb to imprisonment - odsoudit někoho k odejmutí svobody tension - tenze, napětí to tighten the law on – zpřísnit zákon týkající se under current German laws – za stávajících německých zákonů UN Special Representative for Migration – zvláštní vyslanec OSN pro migraci under a quota system – v rámci systému kvót