JAMK University of Applied Sciences Creating Competence With a Finnish Touch Jyväskylä, In the Middle of Finland Helsinki 3 hrs. 1 hr. Stockholm 2 hrs. St Petersburg 4 hrs. 2 hrs. Paris 4 hrs London 4 hrs Distances Shenzhen Oulu Helsinki Turku Stockholm Helsinki St Petersburg London Paris Jyväskylä Jyväskylä – One of Finland’s Located in Central Finland, surrounded by numerous beautiful lakes and scenic nature. Four beautiful seasons ranging from warm green summers to crisp white winters. Finland and Jyväskylä are safe places to study and live in. One of Finland’s most popular cities, particularly among families with young children. City of students: every 3rd person that you pass by is a student. Fastest Growing Cities Population 140 000 Youthful educational city with nearly 47 000 students JAMK University of Applied Sciences 8500 Students 700 Personnel €57m Turnover 4 International Campuses 380 Staff Members Participating in RDI Projects €10m RDI Volume Fields of Study – Education in Eight Study Fields School of Business Bachelor’s Degree Programmes Business Information Management Business Management International Business Service Business Team Academy Tourism Management
 Master’s Degree Programmes Business and Financial Management Business Network Management (multidisciplinary) International Business Management Sport Business Management Tourism and Hospitality Management School of Health and Social Studies Bachelor’s Degree Programmes Midwifery Music Pedagogy Nursing Nursing Occupational Therapy Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Counselling Social Services Master’s Degree Programmes Advanced Nursing Practice Business Network Management (multidisciplinary) Health Care and Social Services Management Health Promotion Music Pedagogy Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation School of Technology Bachelor’s Degree Programmes Agricultural and Rural Industries Construction and Civil Engineering Electrical and Automation Engineering Energy and Environmental Technology Information and Communications Technology International Logistics Logistics Logistics, Bioeconomy Mechanical Engineering Master’s Degree Programmes Business Network Management (multidisciplinary) Cyber Security Energy Business Management Full Stack Software Development Logistics Technological Competence Management School of Professional Teacher Education Professional Teacher Education Professional Teacher Education Study Counsellor Education Vocational Special Needs Teacher Education Conducted in English Conducted in Finnish, may include courses in English Finland – a Safe and High standards of education, social security and healthcare. Nature is clean and serene. Finnish and Swedish are the official languages, but one can easily get along in English. People are honest and they highly respect each other’s privacy. Finnish design is world-famous; you might already be familiar with Alvar Aalto, Iittala and Marimekko. Home of the startup and high-tech event Slush. Clean Destination The happiest country in the world Sustainable Development Solutions Network, World Happiness Report 2018 Finland has the second most human capital in the world World Economic Forum, Human Capital Index 2017 Quality of higher education is the third best in the world. World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2017-2018 The safest country in the world World Economic Forum, The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017 The strongest digital knowledge capital in Europe European Commission, The Digital Economy and Society Index 2017 The air in Finland is the cleanest in the world Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland tops WHO air quality statistics Finland Leads the Way Review of cultural aspects, communication and interaction within multicultural contexts. Masaryk University 24.10.2018 Helena Anttila What is culture? There are numerous definitions! Culture is: A set of shared attitudes, beliefs, behavioural norms, basic assumptions and values, which influence each member´s behaviour and affect their interpretations of the “meaning” of the other person´s behaviour. Spencer-Oatey (2000) 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila Culture – an onion, an iceberg, islands? • Iceberg model • Visible vs. invisible level • Onion model • a multi-layered system which can be peeled, layer by layer, in order to reveal the content Or could it be islands? (similarities/differences?) Helena Anttila10/20/2018 Culture is: • Shared • Learned!! • Ongoing • Everywhere • Influences behaviour & shapes identity • Selective • Ethnocentric (our way is the best way!) 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila Helena Anttila10/20/2018 • Power Distance • Masculinity vs. Femininity • Uncertainty Avoidance • Individualism vs. Collectivism The thruth is there between!! 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila CULTURAL DIMENSIONS by Hofstede How power, wealth and authority is distributed within society • Large Power Distance: • inequality of power & wealth accepted; hierarchical system of authority; members expect to be told what to do. • Small Power Distance: • Inequality of power & wealth not accepted; flat system of authority; members expect to be consulted. 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila Power Distance • Not refering to men and women, but the dominant values in society (=male/female oriented) • How much society values traditional gender orientation 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila Masculinity vs. Femininity The level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within society • Strong Uncertainty Avoidance: • Need for clear rules & laws; do not accept new ideas & behaviour; avoid unclear situations / future • Weak Uncertainty Avoidance • Comfortable with uncertainty; accept new ideas & behaviour; more relaxed; future is a challenge. 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila Uncertainty Avoidance How much society values individual or collective achievement • Individualistic Societies • Individual goals; self realisation; “I” identity; emphasize individual achievement. • Collectivistic Societies • Group goals; harmony & cooperation; “WE” identity; emphasize belonging to the group. 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila Individualism vs. Collectivism • Became evident later when Hofstede worked in the Far East, where Confucius´ teachings are common • Respect for traditions, respect for elderly people • Sense of duty, self-discipline, importance of the family, obedience to parents • The concept of ”saving face” refers to the formal means of preseving good reputation, dignity and prestige 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila Confusian Dynamism Time Orientation Concerns the ways in which cultures structure their time • Monochronic • One task at a time; time more important than relationship "one thing at a time" and "time is money" are important concepts • Polychronic • Relationships more important than time, multiple tasks are dealt at the same time, time is subordinate to interpersonal relations. 10/20/2018 HelenaAnttila Adaptation to a new culture • Acculturation  two-way process where culture is being modified by a person and simultaneously culture changes a person - Sosiocultural adaptation (language, fluent skills of social behaviour, possessing norms of a new society) can be seen but psychological (emotional) adaptation can not be seen so easily (mental well-being, feeling of controlling your life) Helena Anttila10/20/2018 OUTCOMES OF ACCULTURATION (process of resocialisation, secondary socialisation) Integration - maintain good contacts to both Assimilation - adaptation, origins of own ethnic roots disappear Separation - orientation to own ethnic cultural roots, separation from dominant population and cultural influences Marginalization - separation from both (Berry 1992;2007) HelenaAnttila10/20/2018 As an academic discipline relatively new (Edward T. Hall, 1959, ’The Silent Language’) • Is an interdisciplinary field of inquiry 5 Intercultural communication Psychology Antropology SociologyCommunication Linguistics 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila occurs whenever a message produced in one culture must be processed in another Culture manifests itself in: • Verbal Communication • Non-verbal Communication Intercultural communication 410/20/2018 Helena Anttila Verbal communication styles (Gudykunst, W. 1998) • Direct / indirect communication style • Elaborate / succinct communication style • Personal, or person-centered/contextual communication style • Instrumental / affective communication style 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila Linear-active: Cool, factual, decisive planners Multi-active: warm, emotional, loquacious, impulsive Reactive: courteous, amiable, accommodating, compromiser, good listener 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila High and low context (Hall, E.) High context • societies where people have close connections over a long period of time • many aspects of cultural behaviour are not made explicit • most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other (family) Low context • societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. • cultural behaviour and beliefs may need to be spelled out • so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave. 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila Nonverbal communication and culture • Nonverbal behaviour of another culture is difficult to identify and master • Perceptions of nonverbal behaviour are rarely conscious phenomena, it may be difficult to know why we feel uncomfortable 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila 8 nonverbal codes (Farb, P.) • 1. Physical appearance • 2. Proxemics: use of physical distance • 3. Chronemics: organization and the use of time • 4. Kinesic: some facial expressions, body movements, gestures • 5. Haptics: the use of touch • 6. Oculesics: use of eye contact • 7. Vocalics: paralanguage (aah..oohh..intonation, loudness, even silence is a response) • 8. Olfactics: smell, odour 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila Barriers to Intercultural Interaction • Language – grammar; cultural competence – knowing what to say when; variety of vocabulary. • Stereotypes – fit individuals into patterns based on our previous experiences • Non-verbal communication – facial expressions; gestures, clothing. 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila Barriers to Intercultural Interaction • Tendency to evaluate behaviour – good or bad. Make a judgement based on our cultural bias. • High level of stress that accompany intercultural interactions – uncertainty. 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila We, they, others • People clearly distinguish between their self, ”us” and ”them”, everything else, the ”others” • ”we” comprises everything that is familiar and comfortable for us, the ”others” are whatever we perceive as different from usual • We create in-groups (ours) and out-groups (theirs)  we are all part of both Helena Anttila20.10.2018 D.I.E. Remember that it is culture bound: • Description – what I see, hear, smell (only observed facts) • Interpretation – what I think (about what I think I see) • Evaluation – how I feel (about what I think – is it good or bad?) The core of intercultural awareness is learning to separate observation from interpretation (Hofstede, Pedersen & Hofstede) 10/20/2018 Helena Anttila “When the wind of change blows some people build walls – the others build windmills” An old Chinese aphorism