Appendix 22 Sample Discussion Gambit Cards Beginning a aiscussion Is everyone ready to begin? The question we arc going to discuss today is We're here to talk about-- What do you think about 7 Participating in the discussion I think that - To bring up another point, As I see it,. Well,in my opinion,. I'd like to point out that _ Don't you agree that. Expressing agreement ___ That's a good point. I couldn't agree more. That's my feeling exactly. 1 tend to agree with you. oolite disagreement____-■ ' But don't you think that-? I'm not sure I agree with you on that. What I think is--- 1 can sec your point but--- I see what you mean, but---- Clarifying one's opinion__------ That's not exactly what I mean ... Let me put it another way .. • What I'm trying to say is-- My point is that----- A „!,:„„ fnr rlnrifir.ation --- I didn't follow what you said about--- l'm not sure what you're getting at- Could you explain that again? ? Are you saying that---- Digital Resources for Pronunciation 493 Appendix 23 Digital Resources for Pronunciation software for teachers Audacity www.audacity.sourccforge.net Audacity is a free, downloadable program for recording and editing sound files onto a computer and is compatible with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux operating systems. Although it is possible to create both wav and mp3 files, the mp3 files are significantly smaller. Files can be imported, exported, and created using a microphone and a computer. Several tutorials are available on the Internet, including Chan (2008). The files created using Audacity can be posted to a Web site or shared by e-mail, CD, or USB drive, either in correspondence with the teacher or between classmates. Wimba www.horizonvvimba.com The Wimba system functions both as a program for recording sound files and as a central location where users can post voice recordings.' Just like a chat or discussion tool, responses to a posting are "threaded." In other words, any response to a recording (such as teacher feedback or a peer comment) will be indented below the original recording so that it is easy for the student to locate. Students can access Wimba from home, not just the classroom or lab. The Wimba system also contains features such as voice e-mail, an oral assessment tool, a virtual classroom (a vidco-chal tool), and the possibility of adding text and video to a posting. Using a centralized system like Wimba means that sound files don't clog up the teacher's e-mail, the models are accessible to all students in and out of class, and the length of the sound file can be limited by the instructor. In addition to instructor feedback, peers can listen and respond to each other's recordings, an added benefit for the busy instructor (see Chapter 9 for more on peer feedback techniques). Praat www.fon.hum.uva.nl/praat Praat is a free software program for acoustic analysis developed at the University of Amsterdam. It is compatible with Windows, Mac OS X,and Linux. You can make voice recordings, import sound files, and view analysis tools such as waveforms, spectrograms, or pitch contour displays. A tutorial is available at www.praatlanguagelab.com software for learners Streaming Speech (online courses) Richard Cauldwell, Speech in Action www.speechinaclion.com These online programs make use of authentic speech samples (there are versions for various English models, including both British and American/Canadian accents). The focus is on com-prehending fast, spontaneous speech within a discourse intonation framework. The transcript of speech samples is presented in what Cauldwell refers to as "speech units" (similar to 'hought groups) and notation regarding the intonation, prominence, and speed of each sPeech unit is provided. There is also a strong focus on adjustments in connected speech. for^e 'S n01 trec' most llsers are Piirt °^ a 'ar§er institution that has purchased Wimba for use with all its sy*te^n 'an°ua^c departments. Wimba can be integrated with Moodle, a free-access, course management Appendix 23 The program, designed as a self-study tool, focuses primarily on listening comprehens' and imitating the speed and reductions of the speech samples but does not provide autorrr speech recognition (ASR) feedback. Reviews (Chun 2005, Lian 2004) are favorable Connected Speech Protea Textware (2000) www.proteatextware.com.au This Windows-based CD-ROM comes in three versions: North American, British and Australian. Each version has nine speakers with varying regional accents. The progra contains numerous exercises to practice both segmental and suprasegmental features (pause groups, stress, pitch change, linking, sounds, and syllables). It is theme-based with a variety of topics presented by the speakers. Some reviews have mentioned problems with the speech recognition feedback (Egbert 2004, Pickering 2005) but are generally favorable. video/dvd programs for teachers Pronunciation Teacher Training (video/DVD) Colleen Meyers & Sheryl Holt (1998). Aspen Productions www.eslvideos.com/products.html This video shows examples of one-on-one tutoring of learners from 13 different language backgrounds (Japanese, Mandarin, Arabic, Brazilian Portuguese, Thai, French, Korean, Vietnamese, Russian, Indian English, Norwegian, Mexican Spanish, and an East African speaker of Oromia from Ethiopia). In each tutoring session, an initial speech sample is analyzed to determine pronunciation priorities and then a variety of techniques are shown that can be used for either tutoring or classroom instruction. Clearly Speaking: Pronunciation in Action for Teachers (DVD & handbook) Anne Burns & Stephanie Claire (2003) NCELTR, Macquarie University www.professoranneburns.com/clearlyspeaking.htm This DVD and accompanying handbook showcase authentic classroom lessons by experienced Australian ESL instructors. Examples of pronunciation teaching include breathing exercises as well as techniques for teaching intonation, linking, and stress. Pronunciation Fun: Pronunciation Activities: Songs, Poems, Skits and Games (video/ DVD & handbook with worksheets) Colleen Meyers & Sheryl Holt (1999). Aspen Productions www.eslvideos.com/products.html The activities and techniques presented in this video target a variety of features including vowels, consonants, stress, and intonation. Using Your Hands to Teach Pronunciation (video) Marsha Chan (2007) Sunburst Media www.sunburstmedia.com , This DVD contains practical tips on how the teacher can enhance learning through nan signals and body movement techniques. Appendix 23 The program, designed as a self-study tool, focuses primarily on listening co and imitating the speed and reductions of the speech samples but does not prov^u speech recognition (ASR) feedback. Reviews (Chun 2005, Lian 2004) are fav Connected Speech Protea Textware (2000) www.proteatextware.com.au This Windows-based CD-ROM comes in three versions: North American H ■ Australian. Each version has nine speakers with varying regional accents The""1 contains numerous exercises to practice both segmental and suprasegmental featunj groups, stress, pitch change, linking, sounds, and syllables). It is theme-based with?' of topics presented by the speakers. Some reviews have mentioned problems with ihj' recognition feedback (Egbert 2004, Pickering 2005) but are generally favorable video/dvd programs for teachers Pronunciation Teacher Training (video/DVD) Colleen Meyers & Sheryl Holt (1998). Aspen Productions www.eslvidcos.com/products.html This video shows examples of one-on-one tutoring of learners from 13 different lant backgrounds (Japanese, Mandarin, Arabic, Brazilian Portuguese, Thai. French. Korean. Vietnamese, Russian, Indian English, Norwegian, Mexican Spanish, and an East African speaker of Oromia from Ethiopia). In each tutoring session, an initial speech sample is analyzed to determine pronunciation priorities and Ihen a variety of techniques are shewn that can be used for either tutoring or classroom instruction. Clearly Speaking: Pronunciation in Action for Teachers (DVD & handbook) Anne Burns & Stephanie Claire (2003) NCELTR, Macquarie University www.professoranneburns.com/clearlyspcaking.him This DVD and accompanying handbook showcase authentic classroom lessons by «| enced Australian ESL instructors. Examples of pronunciation teaching include breall exercises as well as techniques for teaching intonation, linking, and stress. 1 Pronunciation Fun: Pronunciation Activities: Songs, Poems, Skits and Games (i DVD & handbook with worksheets) Colleen Meyers & Sheryl Holt (1999). Aspen Productions www.eslvideos.com/products.html The activities and techniques presented in this video target a variety of feature | vowels, consonants, stress, and intonation. Using Your Hands to Teach Pronunciation (video) Marsha Chan (2007) Sunburst Media www.sunburstmedia.com through hanl1 This DVD contains practical tips on how the teacher can enhance learning signals and body movement techniques. ■ |pe0/dvd programs for learners toniinciation for Success Student Course (video/DVD and book) Keen Meyers & Sheryl Holt (2001). I .n productions vvww.eslvideos.com/products.html Kg video and accompanying workbook can be used either for self-study (an answer key ^■jncluded) or as the basis for a comprehensive pronunciation course. The video includes darnples °'rea' 'earners an^ a variety of teaching techniques. A review is available at www I uagemagazi ne.com/internetedition/ma99/sofasp64.html. Hccess with Presentations (video/DVD and book) Eileen Meyers & Sheryl Holt (2002). ■ Asoen Productions http://www.eslvideos.com/products.html His video, accompanied by a textbook, highlights presentation skills such as introducing ^Kresentation, explaining a concept, transitioning between points, and making a strong ■w_jusion. It also addresses pronunciation issues for the public speaker including appropri-^Eg pausing, stress, and intonation. The model presentations are by both native speakers and ^Knnative speakers. Bmternet resources HttSOL Speech, Pronunciation, and Listening Interest Section (SPLIS) I^BfW.soundsofengl ish.org/SPLIS/indcx.htm Hbisthe Web site of the group that focuses on pronunciation, speech, and listening within Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) organization. The site Hntains links, articles, a bibliography, and information about the newsletter for this group. IIATEFL Pronunciation Special Interest Group (PronSIG) ■Pww.rdg.ac.uk/epu/pronsig_ncw.htm Bis is the Web site of the group that focuses on pronunciation teaching and learning within the International Association of Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (IATEFL). The ^•contains links, articles, a bibliography, and information about the newsletter for this fc»up (SPEAK OUT!). Pternational Phonetic Association Bj^atts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html ■* organization promotes the study of phonetics and also provides the standard for the P emetic representation of all languages - the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). It ^JMes links to downloadable phonetic fonts. r "etics: The Sounds of American English Ptarsity of Iowa ,ulowaedu/~acadlcch/phonetics Slte contains both videos and an animated articulatory diagram of how sounds are »™ced. It is organized according to how sounds are distinguished - for consonants P* ""Hi manner nf ..ivrim.imi.— ........-'- -•* •• haoflhe ■ univ I »YV|, I This I Prodi I War,. a^n" m ' w ~~ ---—u«..Bwi^nrti — iui ^ujjavjiiania, ' diphth f articulation; and for vowe|s. 'he distinction between monopthongs Wgs, as well as whether the vowel is articulated in the front, central, or back 5 mouth. Appendix 23 The Speech Accent Archive George Mason University www.classweb.gmu.edu/accent This site contains sound files of different speakers (native and nonnative) reading the same passage aloud. Each speech sample is accompanied by a phonetic transcription. Teachers can hear and compare different accents. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary www.m-vv.com Entries in this free online dictionary contain sound files so that learners can check the pronunciation of words, even some highly technical terms. Sound files to accompany Ladefoged's A Course in Phonetics and Vowels and Consonants Peter Ladefoged www.ladefogeds.com This site contains links to the sound files that accompany these two books by Peter Ladefoged (2005a, 2005b). The Distinctive Vowel Sounds of British and American English George Dillon, University of Washington www.faculty.washington.edu/dillon/PhonResources/vowels.html This site contains two vowel charts with clickable symbols. As a mouse is dragged over a vowel, the sound file for it plays. Pronunciation Resources on the Web Rich Robison, Azusa Pacific University www.home.apu.edu/~rrobison/pronundiation%20web%20sites.htm This site contains an organized list of pronunciation resources for both learners and teachers. Web Tutorials for Phonetics (British Received Pronunciation) Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London wwvv.phon.ucl.ac.uk/resource/tutorials.htmI#phon This site contains an array of resources not only for the phonetician but also for the pronunciation teacher. The tutorials are helpful in introducing both teachers and learners to phonetics and to British Received Pronunciation (RP). The site includes three tools designed by John Maidment: one for practicing prominence (Plato), one for intonation (Toni), and one for vowels (Vowel Machine). The Internet TESL Journal's pronunciation links www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/links/ESL/Pronunciation This site includes a variety of links for both learners and teachers. English Pronunciation, Speaking and Conversation Help for ESL www.esl.about.com/od/speakingenglish/Speaking_English_Pronunciation_and_Conversa tion_Skills.htm This site contains information and resources for both learners and teachers, including >es plans. I 496 Appendix 23 Digital Resources for Pronunciation 497 The Speech Accent Archive George Mason University www.classweb.gmu.edu/accent This site contains sound files of different speakers (native and nonnative) reading the passage aloud. Each speech sample is accompanied by a phonetic transcription" Te Shme can hear and compare different accents. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary www.m-w.com Entries in this free online dictionary contain sound files so that learners can check the pronunciation of words, even some highly technical terms. Sound files to accompany Ladefoged's A Course in Phonetics and Vowels and Consonants Peter ladefoged www.ladefogeds.com This site contains links to the sound files that accompany these two books by Peter Ladefoged (2005a, 2005b). The Distinctive Vowel Sounds of British and American English George Dillon, University of Washington www.faculty.washington.edu/dillon/PhonResources/vowels.html This site contains two vowel charts with clickable symbols. As a mouse is dragged over a vowel, the sound file for it plays. Pronunciation Resources on the Web Rich Robison, Azusa Pacific University wvvw.home.apu.edu/~rrobison/pronundiation%20web%20sites.htm This site contains an organized list of pronunciation resources for both learners and teachers. Web Tutorials for Phonetics (British Received Pronunciation) Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University College London www.phon.ucl .ac.uk/resou rce/tutorials.html#phon This site contains an array of resources not only for the phonetician but also for the pronunciation teacher. The tutorials arc helpful in introducing both teachers and learners to phonetics and to British Received Pronunciation (RP). The site includes three tools designed by John Maidment: one for practicing prominence (Plato), one for intonation (Toni), and one for vowels (Vowel Machine). The Internet TESL Journal's pronunciation links www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/links/ESL/Pronunciation this site includes a variety of links for both learners and teachers. English Pronunciation, Speaking and Conversation Help for ESL www.esl.about.com/od/speakingenglish/Speaking_English_Pronunciation_and_Conversa tion_Skills.htm This site contains information and resources for both learners and teachers, including lesson ESL Pronunciation Rong-Chang Li www.rong-chang.com/pronun.htm This is a page of links to a variety of other sites pertaining to pronunciation and phonetics. American English Pronunciation Practice Charles Kelly www.manythings.org/pp This Web site focuses primarily on listening discrimination with minimal pairs. Authentic American Pronunciation Eva Easton vvww.evacaston .com/pr/homc .html This Web site has a variety of activities for learners and information for teachers. English Pronunciation Okanagan University College, British Columbia, Canada www.international.ouc.bc.ca/pronunciation This site contains pronunciation and listening discrimination exercises for many common consonant and vowel distinctions, including /!/ versus M and /iy/ versus hi. It includes some video clips of pronunciation teaching. Common Questions for International TAs Center for Teaching and Learning, University of Minnesota wwwl.umn.edu/ohr/teachlearn/nonnative/questions/index.html This site is a collection of sound files of undergraduate students at a U.S. university asking common questions regarding deadlines, due dates, grades, lab instructions, and so on. It is particularly useful for international students and graduate teaching assistants to assist them in understanding and using reduced speech.