Dermathologics
Preparation used for
• Treatment of pathological changes on the skin
• Triggering of sensation of heat, skin irritation, blood
congestion
• Protection of healthy skin against external influences
DERMATHOLOGICS
1. Desinficients and antiseptics (Acidum salicylicum, Camphora)
2. Astringents (Taninum, silver nitrate)
3. Antipruritics (Mentholum, Ichthamolum, Camphora, tars)
4. Antiseborrhoics (Ichthamolum, Camphora, acids from Cetraria islandica)
5. Antihydrotics (Formaldehydum solutum, Tanninum, Camphora)
6. keratolytics, keratoplastics (Acidum salicylicum, Pix lithanthracis)
7. Antiphlogistics (Chamomillae flos, Salviae herba ……)
8. Preparation to combat frost-bites (Camphora, Balsamum peruvianum)
9. Preparations to combat burns (Lini oleum, Solutio calcii hydrooxydati)
10. Preparations with granulation and epithelization effect (Jecoris aselli oleum, Balsamum
peruvianum)
11. Preparations protecting against light (Tanninum, Chininum sulfuricum)
12. Antimycotics (Chrysarobinum, tars)
13. Antiscabietics (Sulphur praecipitatum, tars)
14. Antipsoriatics (Pix lithanthracis, Chrysarobinum)
15. Derivants, rubefacients (Terebinthinae oleum, Arnicae flos, Camphora, Cantharis)
16. Working and protecting ointments
BALSAMUM TEREBINTHINAE – Turpentin
Mother plant: different Pinus species - pines, mostly P.
silvestris, scots pine, P. pinaster, P. nigra
Drug: Turpentin is balsam (oleoresin – Oleoresina),
stored in schizogennous secretion channels in wood.
To obtain the wood is deeply cut. The biggiest
producer is USA. Drug is composed of essential oil
and resin. Essential oil represents approx. 20-25 %
and is obtained by water-steam distillation of drug,
not volatile residue is colophonium.
Balsamum terebinthinae
dest. H2O
volatile portion (20-25 %) residue (65-70 %)
Terebinthinae aetheroleum Colophonium + impurities
TEREBINTHINAE AETHEROLEUM
OH
OH
HOOC
-Pinene (60-90 %) -Pinene (cca 30 %) -Carene
-Pinene
-Pineneperoxide
Verbenol
O2
1/2 O2
HOH
Pinolhydrate
Abietic acid
(80-90 % in colophonium)
ARNICAE FLOS – Arnica flowerČL 2005
ARNICAE RHIZOMA – Arnica rhizome
Perennial herb on mountain meadows
of Europe
Drug: Flower – ČL 2002
- dried whole inflorescences (yellow
capitulas)
- separate ligulated and tubular
flowers without receptacle
- harvested in VI and VII
Rhizomes
- harvested in III (Austria, north of
Italy)
Arnicae flos, Arnicae rhizoma – content compounds
R
R
R
R
O
O O
OH
H
OH
Taraxasten R = H
Arnidiol R = OH
ThymolHelenalin
Faradiol R = OH
CAMPHORA D – D-CAMPHOR ČL 2005
Cinnamomum camphora NEES et EBM., camphor tree,
camphor laurel (Lauraceae) native to east Asia, Japan, south
China, cultivated at Ceylon, South Africa, Brazil.
Drug : Camphor is contained in essential oil-containing cells of
all organs of tree. Getting old increases the camphor content.
To obtain camphor the wood from stems and roots of 50-60
years old trees is used – contain camphor crystalline or
dissolved in essential oil. Wood is distilled with water steam. 1
kg of raw camphor is obtained from approx. 20-40 kg of wood.
Properties: White crystalline powder or fragile mass, highly
volatile at room temperature. Very easily soluble in 96%
ethanol or fatty oils. Melting point 175 °C to 179 °C.
Usage: Component of alcoholic preparations for treatment of
rheumatic and neuralgic pains. In form of oil intramuscular
injections as central analeptic. In industry used for
manufacturing of plastics.
CAMPHORA – CONTENT COMPOUNDS
O
CH3
H
CH3
CH3
CH3
OH
Camphor Borneol
CANTHARIS – SPANISH FLIES
Source: Lytta vesicatoria FABRICIUS,
spanish fly (Meloidae). Beetles living in
south and middle Europe on woody plants
of Oleaceae and Caprifoliaceae, for
example Fraxinus, Olea, Syringa,
Sambucus (eating leaves).
Drug: Dried, completely developed beetles
incorrectly assigned as „spanish flies“,
what does not correspond neither to origin
or systematics. Collected in VI and VII.
Sacrificed by chloroform vapours and
dried in temperature up to 40°C. Stored in
well closed vessels.
• Usage: Vesicant, rubefacient. Cantharidine
strongly irritated skin and mucosal layers.
Peroral administration of 30 mg can be
lethal. Substantially lower doses can
damage kidneys. Strong irritation of urogenital
tract – misused as aphrodisiac and
abortive compound. Used in veterinary
medicine only. Rarely in dermatology
(alopecia).
OO
O
O
Cantharidine
Hexahydro-3a,8a-dimethyl-
4,7-epoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
CHRYSAROBINUM – Chrysarobin, araroba, goa powder
Andira araroba AGUIAR – brazil araroba,
Fabaceae. Tree native to brazilian forests,
(province Bahia and Sergipe), cultivated in
India. In secondary woods are formed
cavities (schisolysigenic) filled with yellowgreen
secretion.
Drug: Purified extract from the secretion.
Chrysarobin is preppared via extraction by
hot benzene, evaporation to dryness and
powdering.
Content compounds: Mixture of antraquinone
derivatives, prevalently free anthrones ans
anthranols. Chrysophanol-anthrone and
chrysophanol-anthranol represents 30–40
%, emodin-anthronemonomethylether
approx. 20 %.
Usage: for content of anthracene derivatives
cytotoxic, it is not used for mucous layers
and internally. Strong reduction powder –
antiseptic. Used as keratolytic agent for
treatment of psoriasis, chronic eczémas
and mycoses. Carefull handling during ma
nipulation – avoid of powdering to air
(inflammation after contact with mucosal
layer)
CHRYSAROBINUM – CONTENT COMPOUNDS
OOH OH
CH3
OH OH
CH3
OH
OOH OH
CH3
MeO
Chrysophanolanthron Chrysophanolanthranol
Emodinanthron-
-6-methylether
SINAPIS SEMEN – black mustard seed
Brassica nigra – black mustard (Brassicaceae)
annual herb native in Mediterranean,
cultivated in many countries.
Drug: rippen seeds obtained from fruits double-capsuled
siliquas.
Contain compounds: 30-35 % of fatty oil,
approx. 18 % of proteins and glycoside
sinigrine (1–5 %). It is cleaved by
myrosinase into mustard essential oil (allyl
isothiocyanate syn. Oleum sinapis).
Usage: 0,7 – 1,3 % of mustard essential oil is
obtained from grinded seeds macerated in
water, it is used after dissolving in ethanol,
it is used as rubefacient and derivative
(Spiritus sinapis – today used mostly
synthetic allyl isothiocyanate). Semen
sinapis is further used in form of powder to
compress or to prepare „mustard paper“ –
Charta sinapisata – also for compresses. In
food industry for manufacturing of mustard.
SINAPIS SEMEN – contain compounds
CH2
=CH-CH2
-C
S-glc
N-O-SO2
-O -
X
+
S
N-O-SO2
-O -
X
+
R C
CH2
=CH-CH2
-N=C=S SO4
HX
S
N-O-SO2-O
-
X
R C
N-O-SO2
-O -
X
R
SH
R
S
NH-O-SO2
OX
R-C=N + S + SO4
HX
myrosinase
pH 7H2O
+ glc
+
allyl isothiocyanate
mustard essential oil
myrosinase
H2O
pH 3-4
C C
nitril
+ H+
ERUCAE SEMEN – white mustard seed
Sinapis alba L. - white mustard - Brassicaceae.
Annual herb, native to Mediterranean.
Cultivated in mild climate of whole world.
Drug is rippen dried seed.
Content compounds: Glycoside sinalbin,
cleaved by myrosinase into p-hydroxybenzylisothiocyanate
+ acidic sulphate of sinapine
and glucose. Seed further contains fatty oil
(20-25 %), proteins (approx. 25 %) and
mucilage.
Usage: Effective similarly as Semen sinapis, but
weaker. Powder seed of white mustard is
used mainly for manufacturing of food
mustard.
Note:
Fatty oil of seeds of Brassicaceae possesses unpleasant
spicy taste and may be used to
technical purposes (manufacturing of soaps
and greases).
SEMEN ERUCAE – content compounds
S-glc
N-O-SO2-O
CC
H2
OH
-
N
+
CH3
CH3
CH3
C
H2
C
H2
O CO C
H
C
H
OH
OMe
OMe
OH
C
H2
N S
myrosinase
sinapine
(choline + sinapic acid)
C
p-hydroxybenzyl-
-isothiocynate
+ glc
+ sinapin hydrogensulfphate
s i n a l b i n