1
DESINFICIENTS
Besides synthetic drugs used to combat microbial originator of
diseases several natural drugs stayed in use.
Can be formally divided:
• Essential oils (mainly terpenoids)
• Phenols
BUCCO FOLIUM – LIST BUKO
MP: Species of Barosma: Barosma
betulina syn Agathosma b.- round leaf
buchu and B. serratifolia (Rutaceae).
Low shrubs, native to area of South
Africa, Cap Code
Drug: Dried leaves harvested on wildly
growing plants.
CC: flavonoids (diosmin and others),
mucilage, essential oil (10-20 ml/kg,
prevalent ketons with skeleton of pmenthane:
menthone, isomenthone,
pulegone; diosphenol). Typical odor
caused by sulphur containing
compound.
Usage: Infusion - urinary desinficient
(diosphenol), diuretic during
urolithiasis.
Contraindiction: pregnancy
2
BUCCO FOLIUM – BUCHU LEAVES
Content compounds
OH
O
SH
O
O
O
O
OH
OH
O
OOH
Glc
diosphenol menthon limonen
piperiton oxid p-menthan-8-thiol-3-on
Rha
diosmin
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM – PERU BALSAM (ČL 2005)
MP: Myroxylon balsamum var.
pereirae – Fabaceae. Tree native
to Central America
Drug: pathologic product produced
after stem wounding
CC: 45 to 70 % of esters (benzylbenzoate,
benzyl cinnamate), 6-8
% free and bound cinnamic acid;
nerolidol, vanillin; resinoid fraction
– puroresinotannols
Usage: external antiseptic,
dermatologic (epitelizant,
granulant)
rarely expectorant
Cosmetics, parfumery
Contact dermatitis; cross-reaction
3
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM – PERU BALSAM
Content compounds
C
H2
O C
O
C
H2
O C
O
C
H
C
H
OH
OH
CHO
OMe
benzylester of benzoic acid benzylester of cinnamic acid
nerolidol (peruviol) vanillin
BALSAMUM COPAIVAE – COPAIVA BALSAM
MP: Copaifera reticulata, C.
guayanensis –
(Caesalpiniaceae); tress
native to tropic Central and
South America
Drug: oleoresin flowing from
core wood; from one tree 25-
50 liters
CC: essential oil (α-caryophyllen,
cadinol, sesquiterpenic
carbohydrates, diterpenic
acids, bitter substances
Usage: genito-urinal desinficient
mainly in veterinary
medicine, perfumeries, soap
manufacturing, technical
purposes
4
BALSAMUM COPAIVAE – COPAIVA BALSAM
Content compounds
OH
alfa-caryophyllen cadinol copaen
GUMMIRESINA MYRRHA - MYRHA (ČL 2005)
MP: Commiphora molmol –
(Burseraceae)
Drug: Air-dried hardened gummy-resin
obtained from stems and branches
after section or freely flowing out
CC:
• cca 60 % sacharids and proteins;
• cca 25-40 % of resinous acid
(commiforic acid), resens;
• 3-10 % of essential oils – terpens,
sesquiterpens, eugenol
Usage:
• desinficient with astringent
component
• Oral and body cosmetics,
deodorants
5
CARYOPHYLLI FLOS – Clove flower (ČL 2005)
CARYOPHYLLI ETHEROLEUM – Clove essential oil (ČL 2005)
EUGENOL
Source: Syzygium aromaticum –
cloves (Myrtaceae); tree
cultivated in tropics
Drug: whole flower buds dried untill
it gets red-brown color.
Contains not less than 150 ml of
essential oil / 1kg of drug.
Essential oil obtained by water
steam distillation.
CC: essential oil containing 70-85
% of eugenol, 10 % of βcaryophyllen,
aliphatic and
aromatic terpenoids
CARYOPHYLLI FLOS – clove flower (ČL 2005)
CARYOPHYLLI ETHEROLEUM – clove essential oil (ČL 2005)
EUGENOL
Usage:
• Topic preparation of treatment of
small wounds
• Infections of oral cavity (oral
hygiene)
• Spice (stomachic, aromatic)
• Indonesia – cigarettes „KRETEK“
• Cosmetics – Old Spice
EUGENOL
CARYOPHYLLI ETHEROLEUM
In stomatology:
• Local anesthetic
• Desinficient
OH
OMe
CH2
CH3
-CO-C5
H11
CH3-CO-C7H11
eugenol
4-allyl-2-methoxyfenol
alpha-caryophyllen
methyl-n-amylketon
methyl-n-heptylketon
6
SALVIAE OFFICINALIS FOLIUM – sage leaves
(ČL 2005)
MR: Salvia officinalis – sage
(Lamiaceae); perennial
branched woody semi-shrub
Drug: Whole or cut dried greengrey
leaves; harvested in
flowering period
CC: 10-15 ml of essential oil/kg of
drug (thujone, cineol,
camphor); flavonoids (1-3 %),
diterpenes (pikrosalvin);
triterpenes, rosmarinic acid
Usage: Desinficient of oral cavity
(Florsalmin)
SALVIAE HERBA – SAGE LEAVES
content compounds
O
O
O
O
O
OH
OH
cineol thujon
camphor
picrosalvin, bitter substance
7
RESINA BENZOE – BENZOIN RESIN (STYRAX RESIN)
MP: Styrax tonkinense – styrax, S.
benzoin – S. sumatranus –
(Styracaceae). Trees native to
eastern and southeastern Asia,
but also crossing the equator in
South America.
Drug: Resin flowing out from
incisions into bark
CC: phenols, coniferylbenzoate,
benzoic acid
Usage: Desinficient, cosmetics
OH
MeO
C
H
C
H
C
H2
O C
O
coniferylbenzoate
UVAE URSI FOLIUM – MEDVĚDICOVÝ LIST (ČL 2005)
MR: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi –
bearberry, manzanita
(Ericaceae). Perennial woody
shrub of woods
Drug: Whole or cut dried leaves
CC: at least 7,0 % of arbutine
phenolic glycosides (arbutin and
methylarbutin), triterpens
(ursolic acid), tannins
Usage: Urinary desinficient
8
UVAE URSI FOLIUM – BEARBERRY LEAVES
Content compounds
OH
O-Glc OH
OH
O-Glc
OMe OH
COOH
arbutin
+ Glc
hydroquinone methylarbutin
ursolic acid