AII SEMINAR 8 -- Answer Key International Relations Task 1 1) North Atlantic Treaty Organisation; 1949 2) New York; 1945 3) Finland 4) 25 - Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom 5) 732 6) India is not in the Security Council, but bids are being made to include it as a permanent member. There are ten non-permanent member countries with a rotating 2-year period; the 3 in the question will change in 2007. 7) China, France, Russia, U.K. & U.S. 8) Russia (the other G8 countries are US, Japan, UK, Germany, Italy, Canada & France) 9) Georgia, Russia, Afghanistan, Pakistan 10) The International Monetary Fund & World Bank were formed in 1944 to establish a new global economic order at the end of World War Two. The IMF was intended to oversee currency values and act as a kind of `credit union' from IMF which national governments could make short-term loans. It has evolved into an international judge of countries' macroeconomic policies, offering loans on the condition of adopting free-market measures. The IBRD (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) is commonly known as the World Bank. It was designed to loan money to rebuild war-torn and `underdeveloped' nations. Most of its money has gone into big infrastructure projects such as dams, power plants and roads. Task 2 Civil Liberties -- a, Amnesty -- b, Comity -- c, Keynote -- d, Internationalism -- e, Equal Opportunities -- f, Red Herring -- g, International Law -- h, Welfare -- i, Liberty -- j Task 3 The purpose of the International Relations major is to provide students with both the foundational skills and specific knowledge necessary to analyze the behavior of contemporary countries. The focus is on the study of the changing relations among nation-states -- political, economic, and cultural. Majors pursue a course of study in world politics that includes classes in political science, economics, history and languages, focusing on a range of issues including international security, international political economy, political and economic development and the politics of the transition to democracy. International Relations majors are also required to complete at least one quarter of study abroad, and at least two years in a foreign language. The major prepares students for a variety of careers in government, non-governmental organizations (NGO), and business, both domestic and international, as well as for graduate school in law, business, economics or political science. Task 5 -- Listening -- Gap Fill (1) minorities, (2) imported, (3) items, (4) efficiently, (5) commerce, (6) advanced, (7) women, (8) Turkish, (9) education, (10) rights, (11) task, (12) half, (13)18^th, (14) bad, (15) access, (16) damage, (17) wrong, (18) 300, (19) Egypt, (20) Arabic, (21) Response. Listening questions 1. What was the "turning point" for Islam and where did it happen? The Ottoman Turks were defeated in their siege of Vienna by the Christian European states 2. What is the name of Bernard Lewis' book? What Went Wrong: Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response 3. Where did coffee come from originally? Ethiopia Sugar? Iran, perhaps ultimately from India 4. What did the Europeans learn to do better than the Arabs? They learnt how to grow sugar and coffee more efficiently and cheaply (in their plantations) 5. What was "lost" in the Islamic world? A capacity for innovation 6. The most advanced, the most creative, the most inventive. 7. What made a huge impression on the Arab World? The status of women 8. What are the four main aspects of "Western progress"? Military Economic Political Scientific 9. What did the Turkish writer in 1868 suggest? That women had been neglected 10. What did Attaturk campaign for? Women's' rights -- equal, particularly political 11. a) What is the difference between corruption in the West and in the East? In the West people make money and then buy power; in the East people seize power and then make money b) In the author's opinion, which does more damage? The Eastern model 12. According to the author, what is the key question? What is going wrong? Why are they not advancing? 13. What is another term for "conspiracy theory"? The blame game 14. What is one of the biggest problems in the Muslim Middle East? The lack of freedom of discussion (or freedom of speech) Task 6 -- Grammar -- Practice with Conjunctions and Linking Words 1) We are planning a series of conferences; however/therefore there will be a weekend devoted to International Relations in the 21^st Century. 2) I failed my exam precisely although/because I didn't have time to study. 3) There is no record of the transaction in our files, but/so there is no proof that it ever took place. 4) The speaker is ill and will therefore/because be unable to lecture today. 5) John, as/although you speak French, I wonder if I could ask you about some words? 6) Some people believe that the politician died because/since he was poisoned. 7) Jerome Smith has ambitions in politics; or/consequently he is interested in the media. 8) Since/Because we have not heard from you, we assume that you have no objections to the proposal. 9) Everyone had arrived, because/consequently the meeting could begin. 10) Since/However everyone agreed, we went ahead with the proposal. 11) The talks broke down in spite of/despite the effort. 12) The parties did not reach an agreement because/because of their mutual suspicion. 13) Because/Though diplomatic relations were restored six months ago, ambassadors have not been exchanged yet. 14) Due to/Since widening differences the two countries broke off relations. 15) We did not agree on certain issues. In the end we made concessions, though/however. Grammar Notes Because brings out the importance of the reason. We could also use as or since, but they give less emphasis. e.g. Because I lived further from school than any other student, I was often the last to arrive. Because shows that the reason is the main point of the sentence; since or as would be impossible. e.g. He is only helping me because he knows my father. Since/As are used when the reason is obvious to the listener and because would give the reason too much emphasis. e.g. Since/As you've already met each other, I don't need to introduce you. Since can sound a little more formal than as, but the difference between as and since is more of a personal style. Do not use since/as if there is any confusion with their other meanings of from or while.