El Sound
1) Basic Sounds Which Are Shown in a Single Written Kana
WRYMPBHNDTsChT	J     Z    Sh    S     G    K	;
h h^ t li If Ü S tz            tz	*          S   ** *» Ž)	A
o    ^vrftľiz      t,	t       L      £ £ v>	I
% vp L* «5s ií i» tó    ^	"f     t <• <  1	U
ti     i6 ^ ^ ^ Jřa "C         "C	-tf     -ŕ tf tt x.	E
^ «t t im a o if       £	ý-    Ýrcíi	0
There is one more sound which is shown by a single kana. It is Ay. Ay itself is pronounced through the nose, but it changes its sound in the combination of other kana.
Ex.:  \_As*i*As (newspaper) S/Clí      (walk) í A/t>s      (comic book)
2) Basic Sounds Which Are Shown by a Combination of Two Written Kana
Ry	My	Py	By	Hy	Ny	Ch	j	Sh	Gy	Ky	i
0	Ä	V9	V	V	U	t,	t	L	£	4 W	
f3	-^	■ť	■P	■"ŕ"	^	-^	■^	■^	■ť	■^	A
0	Ä	U*	íf	í/	u-	t>	l!	L			U
yp	r$	yp	yp	^	v3>	#	#	yp	tf>	tf>	
0-	Ä	ľf	lf	ÍA	U	t,	Ü	L		*	U
J;	J:	X	X	I	J:	J:	J:	«t	J;	X	
System
111
^^		PÍV -H:   V  p^V		9--tr
c^O^	*^	«>s 0^	^.-^T	^ ■■-vy-
K* ( 9-r		^z ^		-fr Vfc ^
tí^cŕ-cr- (""H*	&5 ^	r^r>   i r+	^  ^	suv u   \ 5nV
ř-vi   o • ■•;' . .   Q_ \\	v		^	m!~^ £í
s3	3'^ŽS'	»'&	rr~~ < i	£t % ■■+  i öJH>
rx ■;< pC	^/-\	oO	tf+ó4 tf*	;>» > J^v-
^ >- r\*	#■+* rfc	HI ^	■     r-f-	Ur k S  fjc
r j  j f 4	Cv-T^ •—^	^^-v	fi*t--n ,.»■ f^r	»   -    ■     v
w^ trt	^<H<%< jHí	O' 'jej'		ô*-c+St §ť
		g	H		s	H		ft	H		-1 o	H	In J are ca follow	w
3 ■3	t*i	o	ET ft	ľ-1	o	3" ft	Fn	o:	3-ft	fri	í	3-ft		K
	x	ft D.	o1	•»	ft D.	S-	x	o	v fl	x		O	ft   "O D.   P	o -í
		rr	c		rT	"•			O		a-		3	
o' a Co	<*• é		-1 Er o	O'	><	D. -t O č/*'	<-	a"	3 a-o Vi		ft 3] o"	—i O o	—   ft O    Ä 3   P 0Q C/l o   3 £. <	r*-O Ö
	<-	H 3"	v>	O'			'i/r <-				ft	ET ft		(6 "1
"?	é	ft	O	'		o p_	é		O P	<ik	CT	O 3*	00       Q "í	O"
Ví	ér	rt	řt"	>4 O'		O) a.			ft	S*	&*•	■n čo'		o
	>	S5 ft x o		0					r*	;>		O ft* a.	o    rt 5" sľ	s era ■< o
Ol V") -i	o-<-; s-	ft ■a o' 3 c« ft ft Vi	p 3 D. S-» »ti Ö S O 5'	& O' é /		p 3 a. s-""•ľ CK, ö ö 5'	( t ér é <? <-		p 3 D-P_ ft S-^' O »0 o	ô*		S* P 3 a. p_ Er ft	<    3" O    f» i    °-£1 o 1/1  g (U        3 ft     ^ o. 5" en     3 O H    "< o- o	3 <■& M* S S »Q &
		o"	Ej V>	O' /		3-VI	«T		o 5'	-í-			rt    c D. _.   P 3   "<	a
	<-»z o	ft a-a*	O	•é /		O	<-O		S; -i O í i.	vJ"'		Od R	a- Er ~.  rt ^    3	
		f-*'	O" o	O' o		cr n>						3' Er Črt*	ju     t« ty)     <Ti	
K^0	^^	^■^o		K^		•§>»	^>»
^	•5^	^		K^		^^	-*Si
KvJÍ	•^vJÍ	^		kTT		•§n	•ýTT
<hrC7	^,rr	-JřTT		9-rvT		•§vr	^
»-rf^	•5f^	Y^		KČ		^r~	^r-
K^	•i°	-ir3		Kŕi*»"		^ilrír	^z^
ÍÍ	A		vo		Si		K
H1	A		Vy		Si		H
(\	r&		^		Jí		^
ty			^		rr		<K
Tí	^		<>-		f*-		
f?
3
Lesson 2
The bottom row is called HtzL^ and hiragana in this row will be followed by  7 .    There are a few exceptions where it is followed by ti.
Ex.:   £Ť>   -Ť.   k 1 ,   ÍĹ1 ,   íOŤ,   11 Ť ,   t Ť ,   Ji Ť ,   ?)i exceptions;    řifi^v» (big),    ££v> (far),    d Jo 0   (ice).
You'll also have to learn how to pronounce Japanese words with double consonants.    In these words, you write a small -o before the written kana.
Ex.:   £ -j „i;      (ticket) -ŕol"^ (soap)
3) Hiragana
Here are some very common words which will be used in this textbook. They are very practical. You can use them in your day-to-day contact with the Japanese community.    Learn the words first.
4
Lesson 2
/= t, o -C £ GO
O
1 tz i r
t» r
^ < x.
í-<
1ÍC L
4 t ä*Ä
5 £tt^
írřc tö /řa íO
3 v>te
ía:
5 íOÄ t íO
Writing System
li U J» ^ (í
li*Ä
2 ÍAd £
ni^i)
/
'/
á ť
3 J»te
•^
ä-f
5 HA, 3 & Ltó^ta
ť L
€^s-
4  i6áfta
511
Lesson 2
^yp X
*       '   ŽAO
i
*?±
2   ty$
O                o
«t*
O                        •
ľp í ŕz í í
h o h ti h
C-
2 0 /v
3 $ s
4 shA*'?')
?i>J      6^U(
Writing System
h£   L
1   61 1   <
2 IA^í/,ž   «t Ä á-f c
PRACTICE!
Choose  a  partner,  and  practice  these expressions  using the words given on the pages 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.
________ (word)  -C--f 0
________ (word)  -el~*%
livr»,   Ý 1 -Či"»
^V,*;Č,      Ý,T    t -f» £ Vr* "C "f c
What is it ?
It is ________ (word).
(word) ?
Is it
Yes, it is. No, it's not.
The small circle after the statement is a period.   You don't use a question mark even for a question.
Hiragana (pages 4-9)
*	v>   7	£.	£		£>	£    <	It	Z	
1.	hub			rain	1.	**$			umbrella
2.	\it~f~			chair	2.	Joi:			ticket
3.	1 t,			house, home	3.	< Si			car
4.	*.£			station	4.	it/,**			fight
5.	£> A/**	<		music	5.	cii	A,		park
9
Lesson 2		
"b   L -f -tí- ý		
i.   $ a* íe		fish
2.    l/Uv^		newspaper
3.   i"v>*>		watermelon
4.   -Čot^		soap
5.    *tf		buckwheat noodle
Ŕt^t	í:	
i. tz í r		egg
2. t,-f		map
3.   o< ž.		desk
4.   -r;** A		letter
5.  j; (t v»		watch, clock
ÍC í- te ta íO		
1.   i L		pear
2.   r-<		meat
3.   njía		dog
4.   fáz ■		cat
5.   íOÄtíO		drinks
li ÍA ^ ^	u	
1.   (i í Ä		scissors
2.   VCiJ		airplane
3.   .i./fa		ship, boat
4.   ^Jf3		room
5. t^		book
10
Writing System
í Ä h tb t
1. í č	window
2.   Ä-f	water
3.   tri loWta	magnifying glass
4.   tfj^jfa	glasses
5.    t t	peach
^  rp   X	
i. ^í	mountain
2.   #£	snow
3.   J: s	night
h  0   h K h
1.	b < ** £	graffiti
2.	ox, r	apple
3.	il	monkey
4.	^LV>Ý'Ť  ^	refrigerator
5.	^U<	candle
1-   fc? L J; {                  Japanese food
2.    LA^M JiÄá-fo
I'm going to read a newspaper.
11
Lesson 2
4) A Complete Katakana Chart
7 7	7 7		—T -7	7\	7"	7 /Tí 7 7	4	7	T —-p r
	i; "i		^ *»	t b	—	f--ŕ	V v	* *	
7		J3. .ľt.		7 7	7 7 7	7 •y	x 7	7 7	7 ...t..
	U V		7-TÍ		^ ž-*	T ŕ	-b	/y	i-
> >	v	3 3	í:	*	7 7	í	y y	ľ2	
Writing System
■v	b	-\*	f"	>	* ^	7\°	/NT	r	+K	2T
^ JL	b J3-	JL	3.	V	3.					
						b°	h*	■r	V	*
3	b 3	3	3	V 3	3					
						7°	7*	y*	X	r
b°	ť ^	-Y	V	-V	'J					
						^	-<	—* T	-b*	r
b° 3-	j.	7*	v J3.	-3L						
b° 3	t: 3	3	V 3	3	'J 3	#	#	K	y*	rŕ
5) The Usage of Katakana
Katakana   is   used  to  describe   the  words  that  came  to   Japanese  from
other languages, including the name of countries and people.    It is also used
to describe the sounds around us,  like the purring of a cat  or the roar of a motor.    In this book, however, katakana is used only for foreign words.
In describing long vowel sounds in katakana,   a  dash   is   used  after   the kana. Ex.:
13
Lesson 2
If you write the words vertically, this dash becomes a vertical line.
Ex.
V	r?	y	x
a	]	i	>r
1	t	h	1
K	1		V *"
: 3-t-		coffee                      J
'   ý v*		radio                       •
: /-v		notebook               •
l    l/3-F		a record, a disk   #
J   X-5r-h.-K-	K	skateboard             •
:  '<■*"*-		banana                   J
14
^| Iffion |p|		
■gi counting une to len		
		
/      Oio	£       tŕoO	
2     ^fco	7       Ť£t£^	
^       <&oO	%       ^oO	
^     J:oo	?       ZZ<D~1	
5     v»o-9	?0      tte	
This way of counting is very useful in ordering food at a restaurant or in buying something at a shop. There is, however, a different way in counting which you will learn later.
[   15]
Greetings
mix i r*v>át.
S   X   1   fl  bo
i One síep further
if ť t ž> 0 a* í: i o -ŕAá-aXo
"Good morning." "Hi !"
"Good-bye." "Good night."
(Greeting before the meal) (Greeting after the meal) "Thank you." "Excuse me."
[ 16]
Lesson
Introducing Yourself
Taro Japanese
[   I? ]
Lesson 5
When you want to say your name and your nationality, use this pattern.
11'* '•*       name XÍT,
If you want to say where you are from, add   £ h  which means person after the name of your country.
í 3* { ii  name of your country-|- £ /{,   X~f0
(ľ {                    I (for boys' use only)
fofz L               I   C1"01"  girls'  use,  and  for  adult  men's  use  in  formal
conversations)
ti                       (A  particle to  show  the topic or the subject.     The
sound of this particle isn't "ii," but "fc>.")
X"~f~                       arn> 's> are
X Z> L ( ■"'      Nice to meet you.    (If you want to say more politely
say lh L < íJfc*^>LÍ tO ^ /^                   (A suffix which means person)
ü tí í X.           your name
íŕ í ž.               name
If you want to ask someone's name, say "£>&■ á £ti" which is an abbreviated form of the expression "fift á i. ti   tc /C "C~t jď*-"
18
Introducing Yourself
Introducing Your Family
KfrlbSA,
Ufa*, i^
«-»t Ť ží
ťíiŤH
fii: v> ^ ^,
«£ 1 H
ti t** SA, till h S A, ti Z3) SA,
ti^hSA,
Íŕ5 řc Sr^ ^ /L.
grandfather grandmother father mother elder brother elder sister younger brother younger sister
19
Lesson  5
Introducing Your Friend
Kent   < ^
Donna  $ ^
\ A;                   (If you want to say someone's name politely, put the
suffix   $ /t  to either the first  name  or the last  name. Never use it with your own name.)
{ ^                  ( Sometimes you can use the suffix < ^ instead of $ ^
with the name of boys who are of the same age as you or younger than you.)
20
Introducing  Yourself
(  • EXERCISE • ^
1.    Introducing yourself to your classmates.
2.    Chain Drill
Student 1
Student 2
ŕzhi -e-to ih L <o fcícá *.iio
Student 3
Kent X'-fo   t h L <„   ti*£Í tHo Student 4
Maria ?-f0   X h L < „   XKíílio
3.   Role Play (1)
Student A	Student B
(1) Greet B	
	(2) Greet A
(3) Ask B B's name.	
	(4) Tell your name and say that
	it's nice to meet A.
(5) Tell your name and say that	
it's nice to meet B.	
4.   Role Play (2)
Student A	Student B
(1) Greet   B.      Tell   your   name	
and nationality.    Say that it's	
nice to meet B.	
	(2) Say that it's nice to meet A.
	Greet C. Tell your name and
	nationality.    Say that it's nice
	to meet C.
21
Lesson 5
5.   Role Play (3)
Student   A   is  with   Student   B.     Student   A   and   B  meet  Student   C. Student B and Student C meet for the first time.
Student A	Student B	Student C
(1) Greet C.		
Introduce  B  to   C		
by saying B's name.	(2) Tell    C    your name   and   say that it's nice to meet C.	(3) Tell B your name Say  that  it's  nice to meet B.
6.   Role Play (4)
Role play using your family terms.
22
In Your Classroom
Classroom Expressions
litAHn,			Let's begin.
A-C < /=**^„			Please look.
$\,>X < r£$ ^o			Please listen.
^o L x i- ^o	X < ŕzi	^o	Please say it together.
L* < ŕz^í  fž	IX < fz	ŕ^o	Please hand in your homework
i-f>í; i-c'< y-ifK			Please be quiet.
• • •	1.	- < \ÍL	blackboard	7.		ballpoint pen	• • •
•	2.		chalk	8.	o< a	desk	• •
• •	3.	Z < (iXít L	chalk eraser	9.	\,->-$-	chair	•
• •	4.	í ť	window	10.	ti*	map	• •
•	5. 6.		door notebook	11. 12.		pencil book	•
• •							• •
[ 23 ]
Lesson
Do You Like II

t I tt^o
Choose a partner and ask each other about the foods lisiod below. Use the following expressions.

GO
• ^
O
Do you like it ? Yes, I like it. Yes, I like it very much. No, I don't like it. No, not much.
							
• • •	1.	Ťz ä r	egg	6.	5 *> &	fish	
• •	2.	A*>A	orange	7.	*ur	buckwhciil ihii	die
•	3.	ŤL	sushi	8.		beef sicak	
• •	4.	£ L	pear	9.	c/CirA	carrot	
• •	5.	i-\,>j&>	watermelon				
[ 24]
K a Can You Do It ?
"C 5s á "f #*o                                        Can you do it ?
1" ^ L ,   ť J í 1"o                      " can ^° '* a litl;'e-
-ŕX-ŕX,   tj á *^                   I can't do it at all.
J   1.   ______       skateboarding
•    2.                     rollerskating
•         ---------
I   3.   ______       diving
4.   ______           surfing
5.     Ľ X Ť (Jf        horseback riding
6.   ______           skiing
[ 25 ]
H				—■		U)	—	UJ		—	UJ	—	Cj
													c
H r«				> C/l		> C/3	> C/i	H r»		> en l*T	> C/)	> c«	
03				03		CO	CO	03		CO	CO	03	^
Er				CO		03	rr p	Er			03	3-P	
o c re       i				(_,		—.		*<		o	o		
	í			Er í"		en "i	Er c« C/)	o c o p 3 o    \		,   p í 3 D. O Er /?           ľn'	p 3 O. O Er      ll Č/í'	Ej	
	\  1	i\					IUI	F   "vr	žA\			V\i	
	!^y					w	fm			^1		v	
			K)			L*J	K>			M	^	!°	C/J
	-ť-V) *" 3		H 2.		3 c o	H 2.	2-		> Cl	P    • ^ H 2-	H 2-	H 2-	1
	> Š -- r7*		>			>	>		>	>	> 3"	>	Cd
	>		3-			3-	3-		>	3" P	P	3" P	
	TT		><			*<	~		o 3	O	O C	B-	
	r, s.		z.			o	C/l		O.	C	o	C/í	
			TT C,			TT C			O	o p 3^ Q. O P	p 3 D-O	C/)	
o
Š    2

/^\
1
*
^m               V»     V>     -s,     -s»     ^»
rrrrrrrrrrrrrr^Kr^iir   '>" §    ^    ^    -5    §    •§    •§      •    \T*"   vT*"   ^^            •    <?"*
O«    O'    O«    O'    U<    O»    O«    <>                                     J-r

r í  k  r-  t x
j*
•V»             cyj   tyj   c\a
^         n   o\   in
ía  tyj   Pa  i\a   iv»
■^    fct)    <tt    N    Q
~si    -si
I 1     II     II     I I     II     II     II     II     II     II rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr
o<   o<   o<
O'
o<   o-
(U-     »>    (—    CM     ľj    K    r    'ilr
11
vj*    9>    yj+    ^
?-
?-
0+
't/r
o<
O'    o<
K Ȓ
Cf   9>

O/   o<
CM
CT1"
si												
si si si	si si	si si	si	si		S	Os si	sn si	si	s^		«N3 Si
	*	Si	'*	C	Ȓ	r-	CM	r4	K	IX	11	i i
^	?-	-i-	§	CT*"	»>	vT	-^	rr	?-	?-	rr	rr
í*		ss.	o<	rr.	rr	rr	rr	S	rr	rr	S	■S
^			rr	■5	5	•S	§	o«	■5	5	o<	o<
			5 o-	o<	O/	O/	o<		o<	o<	'Hr	^^
<>w.  ^^
^^^ >•
^^
o/^rr  ^^
*♦!  ^
O
o e
s
CTQ
55

Lesson  9
2) Telling Time
t YJ>   1  ^t  t
\ltPll-\l
^t,lr
t yp 1 t
(it, t
Lfet
%< t
What time is it now ?
^í 5  t
(t: t* ť t-1 ti-^)
28
Numbers
3) Asking Price
3. -tí-^^^
4.    rtA^ < *^
5.     r^-f < ž.^
6.  zr i: ŕ?> ^ ž. -C
7.    ti>U^
8.  r*^
9.   v» t, x. X/ 8               9
How much is it ?
í.
j 11®*^ /\
29
Lesson 9
4) Asking Age and Grade
How old are you ?
junior high school student
/íř^-ds «2   í-í^        (Sk-Jsi       AP    tmiUi^
17      t vpi t£ 4 í
-Ki -tj-TT|
7    & 4' í ^ I  Ljí^í -<ŕ^1
high school
S    ti o í v»
/<2    t* Ť i-í ^ ■
elementary school student f g      \Z rp ~) íí o "^ V*__'
19     t yp 1 $ vp 7 í v>
student
«2(9    l:t^í v»
(íi/čt)          'i
adult
30
Numbers
5) What Grade Are You In?
&x,fc^-tí-^-c-r*»o
Grade			Japanese School	
1	1	UŤ*f<	^tpiŕaXx-tf-^ '	
2	2	LiŤi^	(Cta/C-tf-^	
3	3	UŤ*f(	^ ^taX^^V'»	L J: 7 ä* o - ■)
4	4	UŤ*f<	lfciX,-tí-^	Elementary School
5	5	L i 1 ** <	•r-te^-a-^	
6	6	L j: l i* <	h < ^a/t-fr^> .	
7 8	1 2	ty yp 1 *? <	v > t, ía Xx-tí-^ > í:ía^-ö■vi	■ Junior High School
9	3	í> «J Ť ** <	í/.fa/C-tí-^ ,	
10 11	1 2		> t? ta X,-tí ^     " ;ra/^-tí-v>	High School
12	3	z j z ň   i	/t^a/t-tí-^   ,	
Freshman	1	/=v>af<  v	»feta/C-tí-v*	
Sophomore	2	ŕz^i>*<   í:	*a/t-tív>	tz^¥{
Junior	3	/=v>**<    i	/vfa/i-tív>	College
Senior	4	/=^**<   «tířaXx-o-*'»		
• Cultural Note
Japanese children start elementary school at the age of six and complete their compulsory education at the age of fifteen. At the ages of three, five, and seven, they have special celebrations called "shichi go san" on November 15th. They go to nearby shrines and are blessed by the priests. The parents buy them a long piece of candy that symbolizes long life. When they're twenty years old, they're legally recognized as adults. Adult Day is January 15th, and is one of the national holidays of Japan.
31
Lesson 9
Role Play (1)
Student A
1.   Ask B B's name.
3.   Ask B what grade B is in.
5.   Ask B how old B is.
Role Play (2)
Student A
1.   Ask   B   if  he   is   an   elementary school student.
3.   Ask B what grade B is in.
Student B
2.   Tell A your name.
4.   Tell A you are in the 7th grade.
6.   Tell A how old you are.
Student B
2.   Tell   A  that  you  aren't  an  elementary school student.
Tell A that you are a junior high school student.
4.   Tell  A that you are in the 8th grade.
32
Lesson
71 Asking for Things
0®SK
• • New Words
grapes
(a particle, see Explanation 1)
give (something) to me
[ 33 ]
Lesson  10
I   A-frA,	(a kind of Japanese citrus i	ruits)   J
I    Ztl	this one	
;   Zti	that one	
: $>h	that one over there	
• z*ti	which one	
i *■	(a particle, see Explanation	3)      :
: t	(a particle, see Explanation	4)   :
i ů'	(a particle, see Explanation	5)   :
: i>*tŕz	you	
• Ä-y-	shop	
: v-n	person	
l   A-tí-íOlAč	shopkeeper ; salesclerk	
I   % ti fr h	and then	
l   i,1) i1 Hl   ;'5^í Ltz0      "Thank you very much."		
•   It L =tI*   -	eraser	
•      ~zy	pen	
: y-h	notebook	
	— Basic Expressions ----------	
i.	ztii   < tz$^0	Please give me this one.
2.	o^cra; íc L £  < /=s^„	Please give me an apple and a pear.
3.	2tťl i   < /=$v,»0	Please give me some grapes too.
------iďWM'.mr.T.I----------------------------------------------------------
1.   Something  ž < /£ $ v >
When you want to ask for something, you will say something   £
This particle  £  is often left out in conversation.
Ex.:    IX, r ž < ŕjv>„    ----->     1A,Z\   <fzi^0
Please give me an apple.
34
PRACTICE I    A
Ask for the following things using  ž    < /?ív>
Asking for Things
-áďWMWJHMft-
2.    ^tt,   **t.
.ft,   if ft
When you refer to something close to you, you say   C ti-When you refer to something close to the person you are talking to, you say  £ti.
When you refer to something away from both of you, you say foti-ifti is a question word.
Ex.:    ZtlŽ<ŕz$^o ÝftŽ < fz$^o
htiži ŕz$^o žíft-Cl"ä\,
Please give me this one. Please give me that one. Please give me that one over there.
Which one ?
35
Lesson 10
# One step further							
When you want to ask	someone which	one of the		two	you	like,	you
say  t^i?  -t-ta>.							
i^feff^c	Which	Dne	of the two ?				
PRACTICE!    B
Substitution Drill
Ex.:    Ztli   < /=*v»0
i-    Ztl               #C^ž   < t£$<<\
2. ý ti               3>iti& <i*a^o
3.    htl               ^htii   < fzü^o
4.    ť ti               3>Čtit1ri)\
5.    htl           '    š>&hX'1ri\
6.    Z ti               ^ZtiX"f-ö\
7.    ÝH               ^Ýft-eth
	nvTi   fi
	
3.   The particle   £	
The particle  £ means "anď	.   It is used between two or more nouns.
£*■••  o /ir^ -tv»*»	apples and watermelon
*>&•*:£_ fcŕL	you and 1
tí/t_£ /-b_^	"<l/         a book, a notebook, and a pen
PRACTICEÍ    C
Substitution Drill Ex.:   **»/,£    UrS    < ŕíS^o
2.   y-r- ži   x.Llř^>                -i>y-hi:   ^./ví/^í:   </"iív>
36
Asking for Things
3.   *»$*:  iA,i^                 ^**$í; i/,.*:/, ž <ř:i^
4.   Ž^XiL   \IL                     3>$^&£  ti/t ž   (/;^>.
5.   sit^s ti^Ä                 #£ttv>£ {ííäž </í$v>0 practice!   D
Expansion Drill
i-   Už   < /*$v,>.
2.   11 £ urs < /SSVv,
3.   %, %» í: i/trs -tv»*»ž <tz$y»e
4.    us   h;t -t v» 4» í: j: if ť s   <£$^o
5.   11 s urs -fv**»*: jsžfŤ s íc l S (ŕ'ík
Explanation
4.  The particle _|_
The particle J^ means "also," "too."
Ex.:    0 A/CT t ( fz^^^o        Please give me an apple, too.
PRACTICEÍ    E
Ex.:    HÍÍ    < tz**>
4   LS       <   K* »a
1.    /-h S   < izü^
**>  S       <   /£ í^o
2.   i" L S   < /=*w>. A "f S    < /-:í^
3.   Jíif Ť S    < /:^> 4 LS    < /=Í5V»0
37
o\	t^	-r>	OJ	K>			p	n	"0 31				(J>		4^
<>	5*	^	fr	rr	(i			3"	>			H	'	9-vi	f"
0^	*	H	<—	K	3-	*	ľf-	3 TO	O H		ft	o		b      ^	^
O'	^	<+*■	k	o<	n-	,>	&	n	O		*	3" S3		i      w	<
rr	-V o	4-O	—v 4	CJ-'		O' vT ■5		3" ft í 5' TO	m -n	liS-	-4-o	3 TO n> vi H n 3	1	W                                   ** O	CA-
ř-			4-	4-		o<	Ü-	ts>		o		3			<~
4				O		cj-	•"V					O			o
-4-o						<-kŕ o	O	3 r« 3 c/> O P Xl C O) Vi 5' 3		O o v: o c šc f»		.O C <T> o' 3 XS C lí 3-n> r» 3 D. o *"*! Er (T> n) 3 f? 3 o n			
r-

S	»	S	S*	S	»	S	»	
Q	ov	Q	IV	Q	IV	Q	i*-	p
ry	^	rv	?*	or	?*	rr	?-	3
k    í    ^   K   n    *   ix,   ^t
s:   vr-   r t   °      ^   4   ^   ^
'S-     <^    /^    ^    H   ~4-   -4    tt*
^%   ^4   v4   £•    0-   °      <*-   ^
(X
;h.	c*-    c*-	a-
?-	0      0	0"-
4 0	s*-O! •a-	Sfi-2"
	»,	<**■
	(X	
	0/	•N.
	({	r*
'A;   <k
w-
>
3
TO
3 (to
Lesson  10
(  • EXERCISE • ^
1.   Find the words for the following things in the chart.    Then circle the words.
Ex.
ĹTL
*	CO	Ä	R	ŕO	*
■f	v*	fr	y	*	*
*	0	^	c*	tf>	*.
*	tŕ	c	t	^	*
ž.	$	<	ž	i	ť.
*	•o	t	*	ť	*
*	X	^	^Í5	h	*
40
Asking for Things )    « iMiiptotc  the Japanese words in the  squares   across,   in   l/htfti.
,
Ex.	0	0	^	-		
1	8					
2	•					
3	fe					
4	S					
5	H					
6						
1    K.tiakatia writing exercise
/i   1
r?	:/	U	-\	yo	>
"7	~f	U	^\	^i	v.
n	3	U		~*	>
	r?v				
	rf				
41
Lesson 10
y-h			Zfj*		-<y	
/	—	h	3*	U	•"<	>
						
						
(1) Ask for the following things using  £ < Ťi j v>o Write the word in hiragana in the boxes.
<o?i
v\V
ž < /í í ^
£ < /fí^
S < ŕ£$^
čP
■U       SÍ/:ÍV>
£</=*»->
S < /-ív.
;2) Ask for more things using the pictures on page 35.
42
Talking About Your Favorite Things
• •New Words
i_ \^ C*                       English
i-fS/vd"'                   Japanese language (z" after the name
of a country means language spoken
in that country.) IHvi                       want
^ttíiftc                   flower arranging
(í% ŕ v»                   dwarf tree planted in a pot
£ *> ii%                   abacus
£ o "C                       stamp
-tí-/C-tf-v>                   teacher
-
[ 43 ]
Lesson  1
11	
I  -fv>*.v>	swimming                                                 *
I ^j^íí^	Japanese fencing                                        J
• ttí	Japanese wrestling                                   •
! ž. ž.	ti^;yes                                   í
t &t,^	of course                                                  •
• -et,	but                                                            J
I   ¥	(a particle, see Explanation 1 )              J
•    O — 7—X^—b	roller skate                                                 •
•   x*-h*-K	skateboard                                                J
•   ^> b	Kent                                                          í
• **-	ski                                                             J
------ Basic Expressions -----------------
i- tu: r mi *>>r** -e* it«,
2.     Vr* t   Ť   £ H     tXZi*   Í" J -ČÍ*o
3.   & íc t= u i-n^ r** -e j ä i-**
4.   *► íc/= ti **»£** -r^-e-í-**«,
5.   t3ľ< H  v»ä** íl L^f-fo
My   younger  brother  can speak English. My younger sister likes cats. Can you speak Japanese ?
No, I can't. Do you like fish ?
No, 1 don't. 1 want a dog.
Explanation
1.   When  you   want  to  say  that  someone  likes  something  or can  do something, set up your sentence this way :
someone
ii
something
#*'
-e £ ± 1\
This particle (i shows the subject or the topic of the sentence. This  particle   £f  is  used  before  -f £ tft   and   "C* £ 1 "ť   t0  show what you like or can do.
44
Talking About Your Favorite Things
PRACTICE!
The following pictures show things people like or like to do. Following the pattern in the example below, make a complete sentence describing each picture.
Ex.:
*a-
<$><&

taili   $**$:«* 1"£-el"c
htzl
tztex. i As

-tin
tfÄsťl
-áJWMmiHlfc-
2.   "C* c* ä "t" is a verb which means "can do," OR "is able to."
"ť J í "f can mean different things. In a sentence about language, it means "can speak." In a sentence about tennis, it means "can play." In  English you must use the specific verbs — "to speak," "to play,"
etc.
When you want to say that you can't do something, you say  ~C* J
45
Lesson II PRACTICE I    A
Substitution Drill Ex.:   (í < tf   **-**-?$ í-to
1.    *%liX
2.   t^;tv*
3.    XŤ-
4. í-ti/t r'
5.    ž. v »Z*
practice!   B
€>íí-< ti *;?>fiX **-£•£ i to <i>tr< (i t^x^i-'tí ä-f o
€>ir< (i cti/ir^-eí í to ■i>ir< íí ^»r^-es í t»
Answer the following questions with v»^»^.. Ex.:   h t£ fz Ü   X^-*''t\Mt «*„   v^X.,   -C^ ÍVAso 1.   * 5ľ /= ti   X ^r - r- *- K**"? .Mt4>.
i /= u * 3 iix ** -e £ á 1- *\, íc /= ti iní ur**-e£ it**.
£c/=íí x*-**-e* á-t**
—_______^	"am," say   t -et.	"are."	When	------c you You	«rN-X	o~		
3.   -Ct means "is," not,"  "aren't," you á-tí-A for   t .f íi>					want may	to say "isn't," also  hear   I; ^		"am
PRACTICE |
With a partner, take turns in asking and answering the following.   Pretend that you don't like these things.
00
Ex.:    h+itzli
is-f$X-ti\   v^*.,   t £ t * ti^X'to
46
3.   *$."/=_      4*h&
4-    h ti Ťz 11      ú*Š&&ij.
5-   htitzli 6.   h*itz\í         ©I
---IS_____|-
Talking About  Your Favorite Things *st$Xtt>\
**-fí-ei-*«.
4.   In  order to  say that you  want something,  you  use the expression "(2 L^o"
The sentence pattern will be :
ii)
something
a* n L^-eto
Ex.:   htz LtifclC:**  11 l^"Cto        ' want a cat.
PRACTICE!
Look at the pictures on p.24 and say that you want these things. Ex.:   IT < (i   fz $ r'*ä'  lll^X-fo         I want an egg.
47
Lesson II
Let's learn the following dialogue.
+ >\-         Zu. fz^ir^-^-fo    tzhi < /Ui -fr-et**.
^ > Hi   X^r- h jJí- K** t * t?"f o
* > hí xt-K>- K** -e * ä -f» -et,, tzhiií -e* **/•„
Talking About Your Favorite Things
C  • EXERCISElT}
1.    Choose the proper particle in the blanks, and put a circle around it.
(D ir< ( ti, ** ) ox,r ( ž. *ř ) i-J-c-to (2)  ;*t ( li, s ) 4:x,-ei- ( **, ** )o
(3)   t£ l   (   S,   (i   )   < /=if v»„
(4)   #5*>áE>*iC ( ti, s ) x*- ( **, ž ) -eJito
(5)    c:*i (ti, S ) 1-^*»-el"o
(6)   hŕz L ( (i, ** ) £ -3"C ( **, s ) iiLv>-et?
2.    Find the expressions from  B—group, and apply them to the A—group expressions.    Find as many expressions possible and write their numbers.
A—group                                                          B—group
a.    Zíllí                                             '•    Ý(Í*~C"fo
b.     ;iiž                                                 2.   < /£5^.
c.   ^r> h (i                                     3.   X*-4*  t\Mt.
d- ^>/čLíí                                         4. í-t3^ i: x,-e-fo
f. tzízt:                             6. i^r*j t*Mt.
g- ir<ti xy-i-íK-K«*           7. íiLv»-e-fo
8.   -f L** 1-$X*-to
9. j- < 4s" -f * -e-f o
49
Lesson
Talking About Actions
5   ffrm
Um
i.   4\Mt
2.   Ŕ^ít
3.    ŕOÄ-á-f
4.   Äít
5.   Uít
7. *^>ái"
[ 50]
Talking About Actions
'   *" £ á "ŕ       write		T y		Ann                               «
: /=-*ii-	eat	ŕl/t*		Tv                :
• «Ait	drink	Ť-7"		tape ; cassettes              •
: Ait	see ; watch	^r-*		cake                               J
: uít	read	y Hr* V	h	present                          a
• *»^>á"t	buy	žf 1 Ý*		"Please, (for offering)" •
: * * i t	listen	if-) t		"Thank you."               J
•   ící:	what	It^CIŤ	-et	"No, thank you."         •
: ĺít	do	t rífe		then                               J
• 3-t-	coffee	U 3 - K		record                             <
j '<>	bread	ta		(a particle,                    «
: Kf-	Donna			see Explanation 4)      J
--------- Basic Expressions -------------- 1-   &(:£   Lit*».	What are you going to do ?
2. lľ< ii   9/ir£  Ä^át.	I eat apples.   OR, I'm going
	to eat an apple.
3. *»íe/= t, ŕz^i-fHo	You'll eat it too, won't you ?
4.   VU^,   ŕc^í-tŕA/o	No, I don't.
Explanation
1.   The verbs on the previous page take objects.
The objects and verbs are connected by a particle.
The particle in this case is always  £ •
Ex.:
0 Ay ^ &   Ťz^í ~Ťo      I/You/She is going to eat an apple.
The i -f form of verbs indicates either "am going to" or something a person does as a habit.
2.   To say that you don't do something, you change the suffix  £ -jr to
51
Lesson  12 Ex.:
1 /v CT S   7c ^n j -j~o            I'm going to eat an apple.
0 /í* C" §   7c "^^ijtfvvo        I'm not going to eat an apple.
PRACTICE I    A
Transformation Drill Ex.:    $»£ i-f           # *»£ á -tí-A,
i-  ř^Jt            ^	
2-   tfOÄát                #	
3- Ä á t                ^	
4.   «t Ä i "t                 š>	
5.    ^íít                 ^>	
6.   *»v»á-f      •'        ^>	
PRACTICE 1    B	
Answer the following question	, either with
/iř speaker	// .yow answer
Ex.:    ÄfS   «Äif^	li»»»
	v i Vi x.
1-   -CWÍ:  *»^ í 1"*%	ti v»
2.  /<>£. ŕz~<i1-i>\	Vi Vi ž.
3.  ŤWťS  Alti».	ví Vi x.
4.   [iL*   Uit4>„	tiv»
5-   ŕ-7°Ž   ^í1"*\	ví Vi x.
6.   Ŕí r S   4«v»it4s	VH> X.
7.   ^y £   **v>á1~*N,	tivi
s. Ac á r s fz-<ítů\	ÜVi
9.   ííA.S:   Uíf*-0	víví;č.
io. t^í *»* i-f-*\,	Vi Vi £.
II.   f- u f S   Äit*>,	tiw»
v> or v>v^x.. Then...
ii^, «ä á-to vívíš.n <DAá-ŕ>C0
52
Talking About Actions
12.   Ä Í* Ž   »Alt*1.
Vi Vi £.
—HOTfliHIMil---------------------------------------------------------------
3.   If you want to use a complete sentence to say that someone does something, set up your sentence this way ;
someone
a
something
verb
ex.: ir< ti o/,rs tz^i-fo
hrzUi   Iv < /cv>£    Lite
52S*_£___
PRACTICEl
Look at the pictures and the verbs in the boxes below. With a partner, take turns in asking and answering, following the pattern in the example.
Question                                                   Answer
Ex..- tzhiii tti-.z fc"tití>.      tzhiii urs-Ŕ'íit,
fz-hn
ex.   o ^ r
Utzž. i ^
1        3-h-
^r> b
/r-jf.
K -t
(í^
-íi***> ^ /^
4       X 4'Ä
5       ŕ U ť
-tf/C-tf-vi
r_J5? /n
Ť-y
&£l *L
7    "7V-ť> h
íOÄÍt    *«v>i-f    *«ŕi-t    fc-^ít     Jíít    Alt     iAlt
53
Lesson 12
Explanation
4.   The particle ;fa
If you want to say, "isn't that so ?" of the sentence or the phrase.
put the particle fa at the end
Ex.:    & /f fz (i   - tli* -f $ -e-ffc.
z tili 7°ť-ť> Y Xlrfci0
You like this, don't you ? This is a present, isn't it ?
Let's learn the following dialogue.
fzhô           z.L\--t?\i0
h'-t             zLKtilio    if-5 ý*o
ŤzhÔ           €i i o
Vi-             =i-1- í coA.ítů\
tzhň           ^>£,  (to - Ť 'C'-fo
K*-             ir-f»*,  i> r?-KS   kMt^»
/toť          ii^, S £ i-t„
Vi-             tzhi(L\i  :ři4''tM'thD
54
Talking About Actions
k-Hi ri/Uř< *ř -t ^ t:*-f o   Ŕ^n #/•** < *ŕ -f £-e-t. k-f-ti 3-h-s «Ait.   /ioŤu «soÄí-a-x,,,
K-f- £ /= o Ť Ü   IV 3 - K S   £ £ Í "to
C  • EXERCISElŕ^
1.    Put the Japanese word in the blank.
Ex.:    n £ Ť í ^ ii   Ä-f ž   OÄäjfo
drink
(1 )  y > Mi   tA ŕ, **£ £   ___________o
write
(2)   fc*>*$/lli   "f L Ž   ______________o
eat
(3)  -tfX-tf-Wi   #/,**< ž   ___________o
listen to
(4)  7>(i   u(tv>Ž  ___________0
look at
(5)/!:%iíi  tAsV-^il  ítLrřAŽ ______________0
buy
2.    Read the example below!    Then fill in the blanks in the sentences with the form of the verb that means "doesn't."
Ex.:     K-Hi   rř-t-g   ŕOÄá-fo   Ťzhlli   «OÄÍ-B^o
(i) rxi '*>& ŕz^íto niz^^Lii_________o
(2) tar < u v a- k s s £ i -t« £ £ ť s /Ui_________o
(3)^r>Hi   ítLJ'AŽ   *H>žf0    p-ý-{J  ___________0
(4)  /č o T (i   V í, **£ £   *\Ut„   ^r > Mi  ___________o
(5)  k/b L (Í   ŕU ť£   Aít.   J^**Ž> í /tíi  ___________o
55
Lesson
Describing or
Defining Things
i- y> b«
2. í:^^río
3.   frrzKO
W3^
5.   T / 'J ii <D
1£^LL33J
6.   *-* Y y') T<D
aS¥
7-    iL 1 $ X 7 «O

4. #*»*$/, o
&r
r-xco
• •• yVew Words «	bicycle                               J
I   -3?	next, coming                     .
J    W^Z.*)	school                                •
: aßt	friend                                 J
i x ti	who                                    •
: í^ct,	every day                           J
á   ;co	this + (noun)                      •
;   ýco	that + (noun)                       •
: í)«	that + (noun) over there   J
[ 56 ]
Describing or Defining Things
I    i?<7)	which + (noun)                  •
1    I rt> < /č*v>	homework                           •
: Li(t	meal                                   1
•   7"-A	game                                    •
: ř-x	tennis                                   J
• 7 -y •/ b	racket                                   •
: -za,h	telephone                           •
l   íi'X	turn                                      I
I   hxo£	a little                                 •
l    t?X-?£   iot„	"Wait a minute !"            J
t   v>í	now                                      •
: íi^ <, ííjčd< o	"Hurry up ! "                      •
l   Ť-X3-h	tennis court                        .
J   ixLVvpi	practice                                •
J   £v>jí*	movie                                   J
!  r /■ v *	America                               •
: í-xb7']r	Australia                             *
I     #/ 7	camera                                 a
•  ío£>' *>^5 1 lŕz0	"ľm thirsty."                      •
: i r < /i t,	we (male form)                  *
--------- Basic Expressions -------------------------		
i-  y> Y 11	fc*>7«   íl t /-fíbt-to	Kent  is  Taro's  friend.
2. hŕzl 11	c: tí/i reo nx,&	ľm   going   to   read   a
X&í-fo		Japanese   book   (OR   a book   written   in   Japanese).
3.  hŕzl 11	í: ť £ J: ť CO  **-> d Ť *f	I like a school in To-
tj-et.		kyo.
4.    ZCO / —	kí /=nío-c-r**o	Whose     notebook     is this'?
5.    iWlt,	7->Hi ŕ-xž	Kent plays tennis every
L á to		day.
57
Lesson 13
—ijmnmr.r.fc--------------------------------------------------------
1. When you use the particle £) between two nouns, the first noun describes the second one. The first noun and £) act as an adjective for the second noun.
Ex.:
ÍÍ* < «O   tt/ct,                     my friend
IZliAyZ'CO   l&As                    a Japanese book, OR a book written
in Japanese
í Ť ^ J; Ť W   ^'-5^1         a school in Tokyo
Question and Answer Drill
1st speaker                                                            2nd speaker
Ex.:    Zftjj   tzflCO   i^X'-t^o    K-f-               K-f«   *»£-?•?-<,
ir<
htzl
2.   Z CO / — f-          this notebook
Z,   £N   h,   if+<0   describe  or  go   with  the   noun   which  follows them.
ZO + noun     ----->    this + noun
Ex.:    Z CO 0 Ay Z*        this apple
^■cO + noun     ----->    that + noun
Ex.:    ZCO*) ^ ZT        that apple
fcco + noun     ----->    that + noun over there
Ex.:    £>CO ") Äs Z*        that apple over there
C58\
Describing or Defining Things if O + noun     ----->    which + noun ?
Ex.:    if CO 0 Ay Z*         which apple
Go back to Lesson 10, and read page 35 again.   Pay special attention to the difference between   Z ft,   -?-ft.   &ft,   if ft  and   Z CO,   i CO, fo<0,   if CO.
Z CO, ico, foco, tĽ'co work just like "this" and "that" in phrases like "this boy" or "that girl." C ft, <tti, faK, if ft work like "this" and "that" in phrases like "I want this" or "You can have that."
n/uu^ai a
You say...                    Shopkeeper asks...                        Then you point to...
Ex.:    Z*l£ < /=**<>„       if*t-ei-**.        0Ä,r          ZW & Z*X°j-0
l.   w*iž</=5^o      ťtiX*i-*\      íAylřo   ______________
(Ýcoun- Kt"f„) 3.   Ýft£ < /f í v>0        £tlX-1-i»o       Ť-~7°        _________________
(Ýwř-ytt,)
(*>»*' í  t' to)
5. a*Lž<rtr5v»0    íffi-ei-*»«,    la,^
(*>íoi/C^x,-e+.)
tl^U^j)•5l    B
Voir pom/ /o...      And you say...           Shopkeeper asks...      Then you say...
Ex.:  II ^        j CPU A, i < ťJv>o  žf<soiix,-e-í-*\,         Ý ft t--to i- lAy^Ay______________   ^f<^)L^J:^"ei■*^______
(Ýí9LA,.i:/<,ž < /cť?^,,)                                               (Ýftí-fo) 2.    ŕ-7°      _____________________     ťCOT-7°X-fi\       _________
59
Lesson 13 3.   /-y
ťe>/ — b-c*t**

(toi/3- Kž < /=5vO
(á»*t--C-to)
3.   If you want to say, in a complete sentence, that someone is going to do something, you say :
someone      li      something      £     L í ~$~„
Ex.:   tzhlM   Ln> < fz^i   Lit. Taro is going to do his homework.
4. There are other expressions in Japanese that use L í ~t■ L í ~ť is used mainly for sports and games. It's also used for actions like making a phone call, having a meal, etc.
Ex.: Y—J»& Lít» ŕ-Xž L í "f. X'Askž Líto L i < t S   Lite
I'll  play a game.
I'll  play tennis.
I'll  make a phone call.
I'll  have a meal.
Question and answer drill 1st speaker
Ex.
t£	-ž ĺ *t**o	tix L n> i
ÍC	'-S L it*',	Y-U
ÍC	-ž L ith	ŕ-x
t£	:Uit*v	t-tyLíľŤ
ÍC	-S L á-t**.	X'Lh
2nd speaker
tl^unLítc r—i» s L í to
ŕ-xž L i to It-^ fcf-9 ž L á to
-C*A,*?£ L ä to
60
Describing or Defining Things
—^233EßE3EE^----------------------------------------------------------—■——~—i
5.   Yy\<T)             htzl<7>              J^ *>*> ^ A.O              ŕzílCD
These expressions can be used by themselves. In English, we say, "It's mine." or "I think that's Kent's." In Japanese, these phrases work the same way.
Ex. :
ZCOfr^li  Y y bíO"Cto                    This umbrella is Kent's.
£c0-O< i.\i  fotzV<nX"$o               That desk is mine.
Ž>óDJoif;falÍ   £>*"& ^ ^íO"C*to       Those glasses over there are
Mother's.
Transformation Drill Ex.:    dsftii  Y> Y<VXY- Y X— K-eto       -íOX^r- b*— Kli
^r> h«-Cto
i. z trn tzhi ťostt^-eto
2.   Ýsftli   ÍS4»*>*/<,<í9v»fC*t<,
3.   ÝHU  htz L «tt L^A-Í'to
4.  #>*ui -ŕ/l-tf-^co^-n^^-eto
5.    fcsftli  íí"< <?3v»tó-eto
6.X
Lesson  13
Let's learn the following dialogue.
*r> b Ťzhň >rv b t-.hi
II < ti   iOif*f   *>*7* í   l fco
Ťzhi\í >r>Y<D  a /= t, -e to  ^ > h iL  tzhilí ^>|;t,t   ŕ^XíO  tiX L «> Ť ž    L Í "to
62
Describing or Defining Things
C  • EXERCISÉT+Hk
1.    Write the following in Japanese.
( 1 )  my friend                                    (                                                                )
(2)  Japanese book                            (                                                                )
(3)   a book written in English        (                                                                )
(4)  school in Tokyo                        (                                                                )
(5)   Kent's father's car                      (                                                                )
2.    Rewrite the following sentences as shown in the example. Ex.:    Cirlii,   ^ > b «9 ti/t"Cl"0          This is Kent's book.
CíDií/Ui,   ^> b«0"Cl"o          This book is Kent's. (D   Ztlll,   tzhl<K   7ÍT7K't,   ___________......._____........
(2)   ZK\í^ htzKD  urľ-K-C-t.................._..........._______
(3)  ÝiKii, -y-A,-tf-v>ŕo o<x.-ei\..............___........______
(4)  ý*uí, r><r> /-h-etc
(5)  AjKIí,   (I-<íO   ^^7-^-fo        ........____......____........._.
(6) **ui, /=sh.<o xy- b*- K-e-f**o..................____.....
3.   Rearrange the following words to make a correct sentence.
Ex.:  ti      hfzl       /-b       «o       zti      -e-fo z tili. htzKD /- b-cj-Q
This is my notebook. (D ý'V^-t.       ^> b      jot     t - X b 7 'J T    ji
(3)^3_^£   u j - K   c<o  ji   r* v*   -ei-»
(4)    l! ^ tc^^-fo       ží 7 j l Ť     «D     V£   ji     ž>?>
(5)   ^r-^-     O    ^-f--f     < /"f ý^0       j£
(6)  T / 'J 3     ti     T>     íO     ž. v»ý*    t j-t'-fo       **
«D    j£
63
Telling What You
Want to Do
* -? L	magazine                      •
í' Ýp 1 l-vp 1	milk                             J
lil-	flower                            •
ŘA,^	cartoon ; comic book J
fa 3 1/-I-	chocolate                       •
^^í)^, L •ŕ*'» í -tí-o	"Welcome!"                •
£ ;L	'"Yes."                            \
#&**** tJU/:„	"I'm hungry."               •
; > b	mint                            ■   J
/v- 7	vanilla                          •
[ 64]
Telling What You  Want to Do
--------- Basic Expressions --------------------------	I want to eat ice cream.
ZCr>  J'^LŽ   lÄá-tf-Á,*\	Do  you   want   to  read
	this magazine ?
^v>;t   Ui: < ft^-el~o	No, I don't want to.
								
								
1.   In order to say, "I means "want to."	want	to do...,'	you change		It to	Ťz	V».	ŕz^
Ex. : tz^<i~f    I'm going to <7)A ii"    I'm going to		eat. drink.	tz^tz CD&tz		1 want 1 want	to to	eat. drink.	
When you need to	speak	more pol	tely, add	*C*"f after		^	*.	
Ex.:    /i^/ivs		tz^ŕz^>	■et»					
Change the following verbs into the "want to" form.
Ex. fz-<í.-f
1.   WÄít
2.   *> * í i-
3.   J ^ í t
4.   *^^í-f
5.    J-Äíf

65
Lesson 14
Explanation
2.   When you want to  use a complete sentence to say what you want to do, set up the sentence this way :
htzl
II <
ti
something
rz-<
J: ä
/=^-ei-c
Ex.:
htzl li    ILJ.*L&_  XA-rz^^t-to       • want to read the newspaper.
Look at the pictures and say what you want to do. Ex.       i.      ..   4
^
Ex.:   hrzlll ŕHŕí Aŕc^-e-fo
y   ^ /^r
n'
/V


66
Telling What  You  Want to Do
-----JJWMfttiMťfc---------------------------------------------------------------
3. Remember, though, not to use the /:n form when you offer someone something. The ft*** form is used only to tell people what you want to do.    When you offer something, say   á-£/,#>.
Ex.:    0 /Cr'S   fz^í-tt&i*            Won't you eat an apple?
Transformation Drill
Ask your classmate if he wants to do the following.
Ex.:    ŕ U f S   Ä Í to                ŤUťž   ÄÍ-ŕ/C^o
1.    1/3-KÍ    £ í í "to
2.   (í A Ž    Uíto
3.    ^r-^Ž   /č^á-fo
4.   3—h —Ž   «OÄífo
ti/uUfl-51   B
Respond to the following offers using the expressions given below.
3. rU7')-iS /=•"**-a-x,*»,
6.   n —t —S:   tf>A2-e^a\,

67
Lesson  14
--------éU!MMft»MU-----------------------------------------------------------—
4.   To say that you don't want to do something,  drop  ^  from   /čv» and add   < t£ ^»•
Ex.:    tz^fz^        tz^tz + < ft\<>        Tc^Tc < ft^
1 don't want to eat...
Remember, in Lesson 11 you learned that you said (ä L v» when you wanted to have something.
To say that you don't want something, drop n from 11 L ^ tnen add   < & v>.    This is just like what you did to fz\<> form.
tLfa[s®Z>\ Transformation Drill
Ex	tz^-tz^^	€> /i^/i < ft^
1.	A/=v»	#Ä/:{ 4'V»
2.	^ £/č^	•i> J ^/c < ft*<>
3.	J:ä/=^	€> UM ft*<>
4.	**£/=^	<t> *>£/č < tc v*
5.	COÄ/c^	■D íOÄ/h < ft v,*
6.	i"v>tz ^	3> *>^ŕc < ft v>
7.	11 l>»	■f> UL < ft^
68
Telling  What  You  Want to Do
Let's learn the following dialogue.
+ >V          fcfc**** t J í L fco
-t*-5        ir< to
/i-51          š.*., tz^<rz^^t:ir0
tzhi iL T> Yll  T i X7 'J-A** -t^-ei-o  >r> Mi,
f33i/-rTU7'J-ií   /č^íto   fc^oti   =>K
'<-7ž fc^á-to
t--hň                ií'<(i   í > b iL K-7Í  fz-<ŕz^\
69
Lesson  14
( • EXERCISE * )
Fill in the blanks.
co&it	<5Äf:V	«DA/: < &^
		*>.*/=<  *>»
*^»it		
	ŕz*<ŕz\>*	
* £ á t		
	Ä/=v>	
		J: A/= < í: v»
2.   Look at the pictures and respond with  nni.    Use the   < &v> form.
£X/    £2^       ?        v^*-   U/:( fr^t-f,
(Do you want to read ?)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(drink)
(buy)
(eat)
5
(write)
(watch)1
VH>^.
V>V> X. ,
^^ /t .
^ ^ Ž. .
<*■> \,\ ž_
70
(6)
(7)
Telling What  You  Want to Do
!<^>t>
^^ *.,
(want)
Ice Cream Shop
Cut out paper and make many kinds of ice cream cones.   Take turns and carry on a conversation as a customer and a sales clerk.
71
Lesson
Describing How
Things Are
^
• • New Words
big		Í'Hk	easy                             «
small		/č*>v»	expensive                     J
new		\=i~^	cheap                          •
old		Ž> á ^	sweet                           '
difficu	It	*» ŕ, ^»	salty, spicy                  J
[ 72 ]
Describing How Things Are
•   m<»	good			you touch or taste)      •
: h%>^	bad	fj^ L ^		taste good                   \
• -^	mark, point	L tt/L		exam, test                    •
; Twtr-A	TV game	ži-c í,		very                               •
! i	particle, (see	£X &		what kind of             \
	Explanation 6)	7 i - IV Y		field athletics              •
: Hi i%v»	interesting             7	'Xl/f7	7	
; -5í í)íc^	boring	-tf--3*6^		explanation                 •
; i>-3v>	hot	-fro£>^	L J:	manual                        J
: í t- v.	cold (for climate)	Žf Ť ?„		"Here you are."        1
J   -5i6/cv>	cold (for somethin	g		
-------- Basic	Expressions —					
1-   z*ui	& t L?>v>  Y-	a-c--to	This	is an	interesting g	irne.
2.    Z60   T	V \ĺY-U\Í o	á b ft ^	This	TV g	ame is surely	bor-
fti.			ing.			
3.   ^co  ^r	-*n &/,* o	řiv»L <	This	cake	doesn't taste	too
íí^-e-to			good.			
4.   ť A, ti	r-A-ei"*>„		What kind		of game is	t ?
-4iM.lMLfam.Ufc-
1.   In Japanese, adjectives always end in  v>
Ex.:   Hi I %,*>
interesting
boring
hot
cold (for climate)
cold (for something you touch or taste)
2.   Just  as in  English, Japanese adjectives come right before the noun they describe.
73
Lesson 15
Ex.:    £t,l2>^   Ž-*'**)*'               interesting movie
^j L^>  Lli A,                   easytest
b5v>  XL                         bad mark
3.   All   adjectives   in  Japanese  can   also  take  a   negative  form.     You simply drop ^ from the adjective, and add   < &n.
Ex.:   te^lh ^ <-----►  Ü í> L h + < *£ y»
Go back to lesson   14 and read again Explanation 4 on page 68. This page explains the negative form of /č ^ and H l_v>. The negative form of adjectives follows the same rule.
Ex.:   fz-<tz^^<-----> tz^-tzi t£^^         11 L ^ *-----> 11 L < ft ^
There is one exception. ^v> ("good"), shown on page 73, comes from J>> ("good"). v>v> is used more in daily conversation. But the negative form of "good" is based on  J>>.
Ex.:   (J>>)->    v,>^->J:<ftv^
Answer the following questions with either (i ^ or ^ *,>*.. Ex.:    zcrti^^m   & t, L h ^X~Í~ *\
// .yow answer...              Then...
v>v>£,              v»^*., fit L^) <  ícv»-e-to
i. cicožt^a^i ^í bft^-ei~**o                v^>£,
2.   CíO£v>afii  i/^L^tt^                  ti^
3.   díD;ě>»**li   v,^»-C-t**.                              ^^
4.   Z(7)£^afti  ^»Ž^-C*-f*%                          ^>*.,
7.   Ý CO < í í 15.   í>/čb Lv»-e1-*\,                      ^>«.,
8.   ÝíOa^-TÍi   ^$^"01" *\,                    v>^ž..
74
Describing How Things Are
9.  * «o ť u e ti ^*^>-c-t**0                           ti v»,
io. ÝOÄ-ŕu ^>-e-ta\                            v^»*.,
-----Él4ai1MlWMlÉ------------------------------------------------------------
4.   To describe things more   politely,  you  have to  add   X"i~ 'after  \,>,
OR ( ii'vi, just like you do  to the /č v> form.    Go back to Lesson 14,
and reread the Explanation   1.
Ex.:    fz^tz*^                       /c-^/c^-e-f
/=-*£< & ^             /=-</= < ft \» Xt
iU(ŕ^>                (í L < £v»-C-t
^U<í:^             ^H( ftv>~e-f
)  Owe step further
t*"**** L < ÍC^-C-t  =  ť "f** L < Ž> 0 i* A,
You might hear the expression < & *) ä-tíX instead of < íj>>"C"Ý. & 0 á *th is the negative form of $> •) í Ý. and has the same meaning and use as  ti>*~C~f.
J: < íř^-c-t =  «t < * 0 l-ö^
Transformation Drill
Ex.:    ÍJf< íiľ^-C-to             §H-<Žy*Ao
1.   fco< íř^-C-to
3.   htzhK ti^X-To
4.   £*»< tü^X'-fo
75
Lesson  15
5.   ti L < íc^-e-fo
6.   Ťz-<tz < ícv»-eto
s. tn( í:w»"Cto
9.   jf-f < ÍC^t*-to
€E3HE2ľO
5.   ai
To ask what kind ofthing something is, say  if/tíř-
What kind of movie...? What kind of test...? What is he/she like ?
Ex.:    £Xft	L^i)1
ť.kt£	L tt/.
tk+t	ÍAS
tl/uUt$5|	
Question and Answer Drill 1st speaker Ex.:    if/^íř   tAg-et«'.
i. if/íxíř íac-e-t**
2.    ťíti	ut/,-ei-*%
3.    říXíC	A-fr-e-f**«
4.    íXí	■#,<,-£*<>-et*
2/irř speaker
&t>l^
v>v-»
76
			Describing How		Things Are
					
6.    J:        a particle					
At the end of a saying :	sentence, the	Darticle   X	emphasizes	what	you are
Ex.:    ;í0  Y—	U 11 ^íh	»-el-«to			
This game	is surely easy.				
žhli htz L^ttJ:		o			
This is mine, you know.					
Emphasize the following statements by adding  X  at the end. Ex.:   z*i\t  V> t l%^l3X,iM-o  =i> 3 ttti  I^U^^IUttJ:,
3- cío*>*ti tr< ťo-e-f«,
5.     -(O^-df-tj;    Í^^L^-tľ-to

77
Lesson 15 Let's learn the following dialogue.
&.<±<»Ut       Z Hli  $>ŕzhl*<*Y—X»X*1~£o
&■>*•         ý i tt^o  t«»*,  :tii   (/-fi^o

Describing How Things Are
C  * EXERCISER*)
I.   Draw a line to connect the adjectives with the opposite meaning
( l) fJ*J£^                               -?H4v>
(2)  htz h L ^                           t,v>* v>
(3)  tfffrl^                     Ž>~^>
(4)   /č*»v>                                   ižv»
(5)   &_£ ^                                   *o^ ( 6 ) £? § v>                                   in»
(7)   £ t I 2>^                           ^S l>>
(8)   í &v>                                   i'í,^
(9)   otó/cVN                              -^"f ^
2.   Look at the pictures on page 72 and write the correct adjective.
end A_______ ^ft-c*1\
cfiti 2__......_____ utx,-e-t0
C*Ui   3......____   It LC'ttt.
- tLti 4.......   ___ < /jftťo-e-t.
c^tíi 5.....____-c^-to
3.   Put either fa^   X  or £» in the blanks.
This is surely an interesting book.
(2)   CfUifct, l^flA^tC       )„ Is this an interesting book ?
(3)   Ztlila í, lh^HÄ,X-f(        )o This is an interesting book, isn't it ?
(4)  z*uiir< cvx°1r(       )o This is mine, isn't it ?
79
Lesson  15
(5)   ;ť;i *v»-et(       )0 Are you a high school student ?
(6)   t,» -9 $*< -r^f-f(         )o
I am a junior high school student, you know.
(7)  t?vn **'< -fr^f 1~(        )o
You are a junior high school student, aren't you ?
Role Playing
1.    You are at a shop. You want to buy a new game. The shopkeeper recommends one game. He says that it's a hard game. You say that you like a difficult game and decide to take it.
2.    You ask at a-shop if that game is difficult. The shopkeeper says that it's very easy.    You lose interest and say...
3.    Your teacher says that you're going to have a test tomorrow. He says that it's going to be very easy. You disagree with him saying that his tests are always very hard. Your teacher asks you what sort of test you like.    You tell him that you like easy ones of course.
4.    When you're feeding your dog, your friend stops by. You have a Saint Bernard. Your friend is astonished with the size and appetite of your dog. He says that his dog doesn't eat that much. You ask your friend what sort of dog he has.    Your friend says that he has a Chiwawa.
80
• • New Words
^(lz)	particle		£í +	come
	(see Explanation	D	<. 1 ^1	airport
-e	particle,		-f> *>"— b	department store
	(see Explanation	2)	A?	right left
$.■/,•?	by what OR how			
txu	train		iotf	straight
/<X	bus		; -	here
t,4'to	subway ; underground		Ý C	there
fež^-c	walking ; on foot		hkz	over there
7 7v-	taxi		ť. z	where
>*4 7	motorcycle		&*v-t?x 1	Asahi-cho
^*á +	go			(a place name)
^o"t < fzi ^o	"Please go."		1LXLLrt>	driver
irZIOr	return			
t 81  ]
Lesson 16	
l    L/v-T 7           traffic light	foů'1 í L ŕ: means "Your request J
•   foů* 1 í~f       understand	is   understood   and   will   be taken»
•   hi^ílň    understood	care of."                                                •
•       In responding to the request,	* li"                  near                              ;
--------- Basic Expressions --------		
htz Lii   Zi x.^■^ v»£	í to	I'm going to the park.
(r< Ü  *. £*^  ^y-t*		I'm  going  to  the  station   by
v\Mt,		taxi.
if c-x ^£ i-fi\		Where are you going '?
ž.$^ v>o"C</:í^,		Please go to the station.
Explanation
1.   Japanese  has  a  special   way  of saying  "go,"  "return,"  and  "come' (as in "He came over to my house.") These three verbs take the particle you're going, returning or coming to.
Even though you write  hiragana say it as hiragana  ž..
This particle shows where for the particle, you  have to
Home
ft 0 ít
School
nn an
£
82
Telling Where and How  You Go Return and Come
Ex.:	Z 1 £.X,^   ^ £ í -f o	I'm going to the park.
	Ť t,^   t* Z. *) í-fo	I'm going home.
	** o Z 1 ^   $£ "f o	I'm coming to school.
You	can also use the particle (:	.  in the place of -%.
Ex.:	:ťUI: tvMto	I am going to the park.
Look at the picture and say where this girl is going. 1                         .      -                                                          2
83
Lesson  16
-----JďflMHlMlfc-------------------------------------------------------
2. In order to say how you're going to get somewhere, you use the particle X_. This particle means "by means of." It tells the kind of transportation you used.
Ex.:    ? 7 y —"C  *•>$£-$"„       I'm going by taxi.
/\"X~í  ú*ž. 1 i~t0           I'm going home by bus.
If Z 7 $ X*   í1 í "To           He's coming by plane.
In order to ask what kind of transportation you use, you say &/,"£*
What if you don't travel in any kind of vehicle ? Then use $, % v> X which means "on foot" or "walking." The words given on page 81 are vehicles. & & v>~C is the t_ form of the verb hh ^ i~t which means "will walk." You'll learn this form in Lesson 20, so for now just think of hh^X as "on foot."
Look at the pictures on page 81 and ask each other how you are coming to school.
Ex.:   Question    tf ^ Z ň ^   tiLX'   £ í ~f *»„ /I rawer     t "C /t L -f» "C   .Mt.
—HžfflMiťHMil-------------------------------------------------------—-
3.   When you want to ask someone to go somewhere, use this pattern
^   v> <j X < £* í ^o
name of place
This expression  is convenient when you tell the taxi  driver where you want to go.
Ex.:     < ^ C Ť ^   ^"oX { /:i^0       Please go to the airport.
Instead of the place names, you can also use direction words like "right," "left," etc.
84
	Telling Where and How You Go Return and Come	
Ex.:	A?-\   k^t< /íí^o	Please go to the right.
	V-tz 0^ ^^X < /=$v>„	Please go to the left.
	l^t(*   ^o"t < ťÍK	Please go straight.
tl/uUiiö|	
Substitution Drill	
Ex.:	*.£
1.	( KŤ
2.	1 t,
3.	**"<? •! 1
4.	£1 $ X7
5.	Ä?
6.	lA/cO
7.	íot(*
£ £^   ^ot</:ív>
					-(3&1	f>		
	I     if C 13 and reread the Exp] means there, and & £ Z				anation means	2 ovei	on page there.	58. if Z
4.   d d    z z    hi Go back to  Lesson ; d means here,  •?■ d is a question word.								
Point to the things you see in the classroom. Then ask each other where they are.    Use the words  if d,   Cd,   K,  £> •?■ d.
Ex.:    h+£tz<D   II ^ (i   ČZX°1rt>\
1.    -ti-z^-tr^CD   IIA,
2.    ifit^
3.    Student A  CO   ^.^L^°0
4.    d < Uf/Ut L
5.    Y T
Z Z -e "t c
85
Lesson  16 Let's learn the following dialogue.
<r>h               -*$ Vt, x 1^  ^^X < t: $v>„
^> h                - C-e-to   ^ <  hX-ft\
ÔAsXLlft       1,680 x. £ X to
86
Telling  Where and How  You Go Return and Come
( + EXERCISE * }
Write a correct particle in the blank.
&faž.$A,li
2. *r> Vil
3.  tiiz\.*$A,li
vC.....&—^
4.    Kt,^t,ii
5.   fc/:L Ü
rOi^3W
^
•v-c£3
6. j r < u
^ $   í to
*'iiát.
^ ŕ á -t c
Jít.
v>£ á-tc
**ž. 0 ít,
87
Lesson  16
Question and Answer Drill
1st speaker                                                       2nd speaker
Ex.:   j>%tz0)   7 hli   ŕ;tfý-0     Z IX. A,   C^X.^íO   ÝtJfei"»
ŤV-f— h
Game ;   Taxi driver
Each student draws two maps which are identical. The map you keep has a mark at your destination. Give one map to your partner. Pretend that your partner is the taxi driver and you are the passenger. Your partner will draw a line according to your direction. If he can take you where you want to go, you will get one point because you gave direction correctly.
88
Lesson
Telling Where Things Are and Where You Do Things
[ 89 ]
I.ť.sxon   17
•       The words for the	picture on page 89.              •
I     1.   X'&htf-y7X	telephone box               I
•    2.   < -f) +	pharmacy                        •
: 3. j- < ^	butcher                           J
l     4.    < /ft <75^	fruit shop                       •
;   5. /x-xio 1 (i*	place to get on a bus   J
I   6.  ^ x h y y	restaurant                        *  •
\    7.   í^>Lř	sweetshop                       •
: 8. $&%*>	fish store                       J
•    9.   ^ti^	green grocery                •
•   10.   #7 IPX, ý «t <	post office                     •
: íi. ,iíx b	mailbox                          I
• i2. Ľt^Lf.^	bicycle shop                  •
I  13.   ýj ŕ ý ť	camera shop                  J
\   14.   J^CI	bank                               •
•   15.   (i&^	florist                             •
!   16.   /'f>-^	bakery                              *
• 17. £<,*-<x	coffee shop                     •
J   18.   íi-5 tzAsllťň	crosswalk                       J
•   19.   £,# ť L -ŕ Ľ «t 9	parking lot                    •
•  20.   c ^ UX	police box                     •
T  21.   ^7y-o OíJf	place to get a taxi       *
•   22.   (iX.-ir	bookstore                       •
: 23. x. j	station                            I
J      Other new words fo	r this lesson                                                     J
•   Bíb>) 5^■	policeman                                                •
•   k>it	there is... (see Explanation 1)             J
I  h 0 ít	there is... (see Explanation  1)             I
•   **žf	corner                                                      •
: í ** •) í -t	turn                                                          J
i ^	(particle, see Explanation 4)                  •
Í   ž	(particle, see Explanation 5)                 J
I  í í i -t	ask                                                           I
90
Telling Where Things Are and Where  Yon Do Things
\   tetz*) ft	go across	
l U-9Í:	a little	
• hx-?£ -rÄi^ŕ^	Excuse me.	
: an o	street	
I   Äj*4^	on the right	
•    íil	next to	
l  ä t,	way ; road	
•   hi» <) ÍMA,	I don't know ;	I don't understand        •
\   -?')T	Maria	
------- Basic Expressions ----------	
1-   C ilíŕ^lz «áfcO SX,**	There   is   a   policeman   in   the
^i-fo	police box.
2.    < í í (i   titPll^Hxil-	The car is in the parking lot.
&*) í-fo	
3. z ť urx, -e KUto	I'll ask at the police box.
4.   Ý<o**ifS   í*") á to	I'll turn at that corneT.
"423^^^2Ö~
1. In order to say "there is..." use & 0 í t and v» 3 -f. £> >] £ -f is used for non-living things, while ^^ ft is used for living things such as people, dogs, birds, etc. In the Japanese language, plants are considered to be non-living things.
Sentence pattern is
something
**    *   0    í to
**  v>i-f0
Ex.:    Z TUX** h 0 í "to
ti í h n í X,**  ^í-f0
When  used  in  a question  in daily conversations, the particle  i* is
91
Lesson 17
often left out.
Ex.:    fz h 1 < ^ (*ř) ^Íti\        Is Taro there ?
^Lh{¥)   * 0 á 1"*\          Is there a telephone?
Substitution Drill
(1)   *5*>L^
(2)  ľj> •) tfX, £ J; <
(3)   $*«£■*•
(4)   "C/,*?#? 7X
2.   Ex:    Hth1) ^S Ay                    ÍJÍ*?») 5X,**  ^i1"<>
(1)  AHříOÍAíí
(2)   /--2>7
(3)   £ fcfc't,
(4)  -£/,*v»
3.   Ex.:   O < x.                               o(ž.4>'  Zlít.
(i) v>£i
(2)  ^r> b
(3)   < li
(4)  fcí feD ^
(5)   d ŤtfA,
(6)  fc*»&^                                                       Q
(7)  ;U^                                          .          I
Telling Where Things Are and Where You Do Things
■^JMIMHMLfc-
2.   In order to show where people or things are, use this pattern :
name of place
K
*1it.

I'll be at home. It's at school.
Tell where ti £> & í ^ or   < Ž 1   is.    Use this pattern shown below, place \z   ^i "to
Ex.:   H             HC v>lt.
2.   tafe.t*7 7X
3.     (_ < *>
4.   /\->^
i. t,tíiUtn
3.    **-3 C 1
4.   H
93
Lesson  17
Explanation
3.   When you want to use a complete sentence to say where things are set up the sentence this way.
name of place j    i;
name of someone or something

Ex.:    Z ň líAsK   n t h 0 í /,**  ^ í to There is a policeman at the police box.
There is a clock at school.
Say the following in complete sentences.          n^-
ex. : z i rix • a í h o í ^    c ŤtiXí- üü^lIA*' ^ á to
2.   ^ i WA, £ j; <   • $oX
3.   ?7 v-ŕo our • £ t>>^
4.    £o5-cx,-7Mx7V--a
5.   -ZAshtfv 7X • tzhl
Explanation
4.   The particle X' means "at this place."
In this lesson we have another use of this particle X- When used between a place-word and a verb, this particle means that that place is where the action happens.
Ex.:    Hf    L J;  <   L* £    Líto
I'll eat at home.
X is used in two very different ways in Japanese. Go back to the preceding lesson (Lesson 16) and read Explanation 2. In that case, X means "by means of."   Compare this meaning of X~ to the meaning
94
Telling Where Things Are and Where  You Do  Things
of "at	this place	" which		you have	just learned.
Ex.	-ex, L	*X	\,>	^i-to	
	*fo -	iX	^<	A.$ xi	Lito
Question and Answer Drill
1st speaker
Ex.:   ifCf  KLtLŽ   **w»i-f*»
1-   ifZX   Ľ L í S   *»^í 1"*\,
3.   žfz-e ä t, ž ^ £i-f*\,
4.   if:ť rj-b-ž «Äít^„
5.    ŕ--c*   U< tŽ   Lái"*%
Then
^^JI^^^B^-
5.   The particle   £  means "through," "along
name of place
í i)s 0 Í 1"     turn at
$>Z $ ít    walk along
^ £ Í "ť         S0 through
^ á t             come along
fc> /č 0 á Í"     g° across
In  this case, the particle   £   means that you're moving through  or along a place.
Ex.:
Z&frifž   í ** 1 í i"o                I'll turn at that corner.
CŤž.X/Sá5>S^áto                l'm going to walk through the park.
ři 1 ŕzAslí if 1 £   ibTc 0 í to   ''ľ g° across the crosswalk.
95
Lesson  17
Let's learn the following dialogue.
ä£***>ic wíc-f^** éoit^o f1)?          **, &<o tiít-^ís/^-e-f-jta,,
Ý C IZ    **-> Z ň **   Ž,  0   á 1\    K?) T {^X £ J   <  ti
4* o Z1) (D   íil ft.
-7 'J T ti tí^Xh<^ ^Mto   * /= í> L v» £ o "C £ *^»í-to ^t At,** ^*>0 á-ŕ/U
-^'jrii ;: ■? ur-c-c-a t, £ KMto
96
Telling Where Things Are and Where You Do Things
Question and Answer Drill
;/ you say... Ex.:   ž>>r<9  -tf"PJöv> L j:   felifi'.             LU>
1.	htzh L^V-A & 0 it*\	l±v*
2.	tyyp3) l^ct x ň   h") i-fir-o	^v* x.
3.	X°A,h h 0 Žt*>o	v» v» £.
4.	s >^-> < ^ ^íťk	li^
5.	/č%ť < ^ k>íth	tiv»
6.	v; rs^ ^á-t*».	v»v» ž.
7.	K-t^ ^ít*>.	v»v> ž.
C • EXERCISElT}
1.   Look at the pictures on page 89.     Answer the questions using   £ftO ("next to").
ČZ\ZÍ3 0 Ít4».
^vPiWAsž x < ti -^&^<7)£ft 0 tz& 0 31",
(D  </*t^
(2) (l^^
(3)  (ift^
(4)   Ľ -CXx L ^ ^
(5)   $A,Z Ť
97
Lesson 17
2.    Choose the correct particle and circle it.
(i) :u^ (s • -e) fcžSí-to (2) H (s- -e) ria/iz/c^ato O) t^L^ (s • -e) ^Hto
(4)  c -9 tjrXx (s • -e) Jííto
(5)  «ť/cXíí^ť (ž-1?) fcÄiít.  '
(6)  ý«**if (ž • -e) á**o á-f.
3.    Fill in the blanks with the proper particle if necessary.
(\)hfzi(     )^Lh{     )i£v»-e-to -e*>iO;č/U     )
(2)£%?(        )**ow7(        )*S^-C(        )^íá-to
(3)  «*>L-<ŕ*^(       )*»if(       )Ä?(       ) ^o"t < ŕ£$V^
(4)  Ť t,(      )ŤUĽ(      )AÍ^(      )o
(5) t-C/ti_«-(     )^7 *./U     )v»jjt.
Pretend that you are at a police box.    Carry on a conversation under the following circumstances.
1.    You're visiting your friend's house for the first time. The only thing you have is your friend's address. The policeman doesn't know your friend's house, but he is kind enough to look it up on the map and tell you the way.
2.    You're stopped by a Japanese person in your neighborhood. He doesn't speak much English, but he seems to be looking for a public telephone. Fortunately you're studying Japanese through Speak Japanese. Now can you help him out ?
98
Lesson
Tj
Suggesting Things

U
10

4^
iz'^J^Z0^
>• New Words (Verbs on this page)
2. 3. 4. 5.
ti^O it
tit tai-f «£it
íiLlít
enter go out go to bed get up run
6.	* 4 > í -t	walk       •
7.	/btl-f	stand      J
8.	1-fc*) i-t	sit           •
9.	JbiVi-f	play        ;
10.	K±$i +	swim       t
[ 99]
Lesson 18
(Other words)					
t£l'-fr		something		fc*»?.^	light, bright              I
tfl IX		why		L í < ť l	cafeteria                    •
in		today		ÍC joV»	smell                         J
ti$* <	^	guest		täX. ü Ť í-	really                         •
,  J.fc»)		both of them		*»b	because                     J
> ž>/.&^	Lai"	to show someone		tzťh	therefore, so             •
		around		t:L	a little                       •
;  tit AC		first		v» v^> "C-ý" j&>0	"Is it all right?"     :
1     3 > Ľ J.	-9-	computer		ÍVM-fe	every day                  •
»    77X		class		íl -c í,	very                           J
; ir*^^		upstairs			
; ci«i		(particle, Explanation	>ee 2)		
--------- Basic Expressions ------		
i- ^JHn.		Let's go.
2.  íeu** ŕz-<í l x i **■>		Shall we have something to eat?
3.   C Zi*  3>ťi-;-í0		This is the computer room.
-^-CÝo		
4.   if T L "C   ::<Oa>;<-	if—i)*	Why do you like hamburgers
tj-et*".		here?
5. fcv»i>»*»í> i-^-e-to		I like them because they are good.
100
Suggesting Things
						
	a suggestion to someone to The suffix á L j; Ť  means "				do Let's	something, say ■ ■■" í Ixit*
1.   If you want to make ILiŤORÍLn*". means "Shall we... ?"						
Ex.:    Z l X. A,--.  ^	MU	Ťo	Let's	go	the	park.
•I 1 x.A,'-» v	MLi	T*>o	Shall	we go		to the park ?
Change the following verbs i
1.   Ex.:    íz^f-f
(1)  "Čít
(2)  liv>>) it
(3)  *ai1-
(4) «^á-r
(5) ti L ») it    ^>
m/ifeit     ^>
(8) -t=b») ít   ^>
(9)Ž,ÝV'ít     ^
2.    Ex.
into "Let's" form.
#/=-*í Ln
/•(• í-
4:í-*» /-^Hn^ (i) í:u** ťOÄí Ln*\
(2)  ítř-i» *»^l Lni'.
(3)  tciz^ äí L i Ť £>o
(4)  ít(-*> 4>íUn*"0
(5)  tnzi>   LUii *»o
*.*.,   /h^i L «t Ť o
ÍOI
Lesson 18
					
	mes  after	a   noun   sh	ows  the	subject  of	
2.   The   particle   £*'  that  co					a
sentence, and emphasises it					
Ex.:    Z Z ý*   3 > t° j.	— y — co^^Xto				
It's this place that	is the com	puter room.	(not the	other place	• )
ta h*) ^a*	k»it.				
It's a policeman w	ho is here	. (not another perso		n.)	
No Emphasis on Subject    ■§>    Emphasis on Subject Ex.:   zzii   3>h°jL — 7 — <D^YXir0
2.   CtlÜ   ^b/čLíD   í'oCift.     ■§>
3.   >>-> Hi   *>^i L/io                     €>
4.    ZCOIÍA.IÍ   titLZ^X'i-JLo      ^>
		Q*T^i     ŕ)
		
3.   To tell the reason why, use	**	b-
Ex.:   i^d>4>r,-		Because it's hot...
/b^/č^**ŕ>-"		Because I want to eat...
/č^/č < ft^**b"		Because I don't want to eat...
(i L^**b"-		Because I want (it)...
102
Suggesting Things fafol>H>Ž>\
If you answer...        Then...
Ex.:   ris f Y—J» ž   Lá1"*\,    (^>0           ^^£,   Lí^.
i. í:(í^río utx,*' fjtt^          (ut^)
if Ť L t0                                                      (-f 5 L^)
2-   L j: < if 7 <r)>^y><— if— ž   Ťz~<t1ľ-h\     0>^;t)
if^ L t„                                                      («v» L < $>»)
3.   £ j; Ť ,   ŕ-X^;K/Cl^9Ž   Líti".     (ti^)
if 7 L to                                                      («t» L^>)
ČI  L to                                                      (ill»'»)
5.   tmx7'J-í*& /i^á-tf-zt^o                  (^»x.)
if Ť" L t0                                                     (íi L < £H
6.   o/trs a»^ä-iŕx,*\,                       (»^»x.)
if "9  L to                                                           (tz^tz < &^)
if 7 L to                                                           (?*?') ťz < *>>)
^ Ť L to                                                           (ŤiXS'LŔK)
9.   i ť,-x *»£ 0 l-t*\>                                      (ti*'»)
if-7   L to                                                           (ŕHíŽÄÄk»)
io. n-t-s «Äát*'.                         (^^ž.)
if ^ L to                                                           (^Ž. ^ä/= < $>»)
103
Lesson 18
Let's learn the following dialogue.
-tř/C-tř^tŤ-to
y>Mi, -r^ L (- íi L r *ä"-e^ i to
^r> Hi  J,-/= 1Ž   l./tl^Líto
1-    tr>Y         ŕiĽi6íc   ŕCN^JíLn^»
104
Suggesting Things
2.    >r^ r
ŤzftfrěA, VŽtzěA,
tzt&h-žh.
4-> h tztifrěA,
t>J;o£   liv>0 á L J: 7
CC**-   L J: < if "9 "C "t o
(í~<ii   áv^í-t,  ny/v-^-Žfc^l^
105
Lesson  18
C • EXERCISÉIT^
1.    Give your suggestion for the following statements.
Ex.:    Sfc^-e-ttao            ^&ov>rrr?r£   í0ÄÍ-ŕA*>o
(2)   i* < ŕz^t* h o i-a-x,.
(3)  «í:*»** -f ŕ á L/=o
(4)  í7)£>-   4»;b£3  LŔ.
(5)   y,**,» <>>,&*£ Äŕc^-e-fo
2.    Answer the following questions.
(D  ^> hŕO**od -9 «O   *J£«» <  SX,li   fz*lX-f^„
(2)  £ £ ^"< S/Ui   L i Ť *fo C i c0-fr/C.-tí-^^-?:-i-*-o
(3)   if-j  L t   y> b**  *X,$ľv»lá1-*\,
(4)   íiĽAr-   ť<7)7 7XŽ   Ä á "f*»«,
(5)   aZ/ĽjL —?—ťQ-x-^íi   if 3 K* 0 ít*'o
(6)   3>ľjl —^—ťO-^-^ři   aíi'^tt^
(7)  ^r> Hi   áv>|:t,   L j; < ťl "C  £í-£   Ŕ^ltí«.
(8)   if 7 Lttf*>0
106
Suggesting Things
ajjTjyjr/► ► -
You have an exchange student from Japan who doesn't speak much English. That person's going spend a night at your house. Can you show him around your house ?
The words which might be useful in the household are as follows;
1.    living room     \,^±   (')ť>7;i<-A)
2.    kitchen            Ťi^ČZ-h   (^-yf>)
3.    bath                 ti„l.*h
4.    shower             v -ľ 7 —
5.    bathroom        fi "C & b ^
6.    entryway         lt%*^
7.    bedroom          I /C I -^  ("^-y K/W —A)
Draw a house plan and tell where things are. Take turns being the exchange student and  the host  family.
107
Describing What You Did *™       and How Things Were
4M (April)
Today is Wednesday the 30th. The picture above shows what you did or how things were during the month. If the picture has an X on it, pretend that you did not do it or that things were not that way.
[  'OS ]
Describing What You Did and How Things Were
• New Words
I'-UXltf                      Sunday
If ^ X l If                      Monday
*» X 1 If                          Tuesday
~f^^Xl If                      Wednesday
t < X i If                      Thursday
$AsXlV                       Friday
if Xilf                      Saturday
\ — x 9 —                    Easter
tzLtlllf                   birthday
^>-f &.                              holiday, vacation
tí o ***<>£* Ť                    Hokkaido
íl i i'V>                       church
ý íO ť                               yesterday
ü £ £ v>                          the day before yesterday
**li%                              bag
h-ftii. Itz             forgot
hirhíir             forget
if ť                                   how
A if 0 *p J; Ť ^ J            bound for Midoricho
/s*X«0  & *>                     on the bus
/\*> f*                              band
L£,v>                              game, tournament
/■£$» ŕ,                               so, therefore
ľ-t-5                              luggage
/i < í ^                           a lot
& t *> o /b                       was heavy
ti t ^                           heavy
-tí- *i                                  seat
■9 L h                              back, behind
fi ^ ± l fz                       put (past form)
tii^l-f                       Put
£ L X                               and
-f o £* 1                           completely
#>y,» L if.                           company
109
Lesson  19
l &Í5H	blue                                                         •
; x*°—-y^--/ 7'	sportsbag                                                •
I &a>Ä	content                                                 J
: .-K-/U	ball                                                          l
í   &^/l£ Ť	packed lunch                                         J
•   h Ž>,  Xi*^ŕz0	"What a relief!"                                 1
l   L> U i	address                                                 J
ľ   fitaä^Lát,	"Please do (something) for me."      •
;   &•*•	inside                                                    •
1.	— Basic Expressions ----------------- £*>7, ^íiXS httií lrz0	I  left my bag (somewhere) yesterday.
2.	Z ň i/C-N.   ^£ á-fr/HřL/1-:,,	I didn't go to the park.
3.	^tfOŤ (i 'ii'4'o/:-Ct<a0	It was cold yesterday, wasn't it ?
4.	lít/Ui   Žf-7 "C* L/;**.	How was the exam ?
	h A, i1) t--f** L < íŕ *• o /č ~e t£	It wasn't too difficult.
5.	ŕ (0 1 Ü  * *f> -e L /č **o	Was it a rainy day yesterday ?
	^»X.,   fotb Ľ ^ t£fr^ŕz~£lro	No, it wasn't.
6. í	L/bo	He put his bag on the back seat.
	
	
1.   To  tell  what you did,  simply change	the suffix   í -f  to the suffix
1 L/=.	
Ex. :	
$ x i  ťo :ť-n ^Ht.	I'm going to school today.
$coi a*o z ť'x w>£ á i/=o	I went to school yesterday.
110
Describing What You Did and How Things  Were
Xlh\j*P-o\	
Transformation Drill	
Ex.:    v>£í-ŕ0	■f>^   Í    l*o
1.   /i^ito	
2.   h 0 í t„	
3.   i^lífo	
4.   w»i-to	
5.   jb-ffti-to	
6.   Ž. if í to	
7-   Ä Ž to	
8.   fi «t ? í to	
2.   To say you did not do something, add  -£- L /c  to the   í ^L form, "t* L ŕz is the past form of -C"j".
£*••    v»^ 3-fr/Co                    ' won'1 8°-
v>^ i^tLR.      I didlťt S°-
Transformation Drill
i.   fcÝt^á-ŕX,,,
2.   (iL 0 á-fr/,«,
3.   hi $ ^ Hž-X^o
4.   u $ * -fr/,.
5.   ^á^ř^o
6.   -e *-a-x, „
7.   (iv»1 i-frX,.
s.   i*íř) í-frx,.
<D£ J: ?í-frX,-eL/=«,
111
Lesson  19
9. s t,i*x,«,
3.   For describing words (adjectives), drop the final ;■> and add fr^>tz-
Ex.:    H'V>                  H' + i^Ŕ              Ít**"o/=
(It's cold.)                                                 (It was cold.)
Go back to lesson 15 and reread Explanation 3 on page 74. In that lesson you learned that the negative form of m<> (good) comes from J;v>. It's exactly the same for the negative form of adjectives in the past.    The past tense of v>^>  is also based on   Jiv».
Ex.:    L^t^íO   XLIÍ   XfrotzX-fo My test result was good.
The movie 1 watched yesterday was a good one
^COŤÍO   lí>v>(i   J; i,>o tz X'-f 0 We had a good game yesterday.
Change the following adjectives into past form.
Ex.:    $&v>             ■§>*&*> o i^
1.    Ž>ov>
2.    KtUv.
3.   o á bĺC^
4.   &tz h L ^
5.   ,i,Sv> 6-   ^"f^l^
7.   f H^
8.    tzfr\,*
Describing  What You Did and How Thina.s  Were
9.   ^-fv»
10.    bS^
11.    fr&ž^*
12.     t,Ví-»$v>
13.     ^>v>
Explanation
4.   To   make  adjectives  negative  past,   drop  the  final   v»   from   < £>> and add fr^tz-
(It's not cold.)                                              (It wasn't cold.)
Remember in lesson 15 you learned  that you could say < & 0 á -ti-A/ for < íŕ^*C*i". 'n this case you can also say < & *) á -tí- A "C* L /b for   < tüfr^tzt-f.
Ex.:    H'(ŕj.'*^/-:tt    =    H'Ulá^-CLfc
£x:    fit Vh < ÍC^
1.    t,^í < f ^
2.   *í O    £**< fJ-'^
3.    Ž) í 0    fc^L < fcw»
4.    fcíl   t" "f** L < £<<»
#fcfc 1% < íŕ*>ofc

5.   noun +-t*-f            <i> noun+ -^ L 7c
č*--"    ^ J: Ť ti   Z>£>"C*i~o       lťs a rainy day today.
^ CO 1 li   Í>46"C* L /i o   it was a rainy day yesterday.
113
Lesson 19 Ex.:    $ x 1 ti   *i6-e-to
'• s .t ? u ^i-Ä-e-to
2-    ^ j: Ť ti   í-íb J: Ťtřft.
3.    /cft^í/Ui  -ä^Ýv»-C"ŕ0
4.   Ŕ^ŤIi    L j: 9 **< -tí-^^to
<f> í e> 7 ti **tLÄ
<S2HH2E>
6.   To make noun+-C~f negative past, the sentence pattern is as follows.
noun+ £ ^ ftv^-f-f     -f> noun+ t ^ ft*>o £-£*"f or noun+ IT ^ * 0 á -tí^     <D  noun+ f^élí -tfX "C L /č
£*•■■    * J: T Ü   **f>t^íř^-e-t0 It's not a rainy day today.
Jwiii * «j ľ ^ if *> -3 /= -e-to
It wasn't a rainy day yesterday.
(1)   í j: Ť (i   fc -<, Ľ .t 7 ü* t <> ft w» "C-to
(2)  tfoj: ť mi ^-tÄ Ľ * ft v»-ei\
(3)  -ŕ-Xŕo Uv» t^ft^-fto
(4)  /n-> KotiX L v?) ť Ľ-fíc^-C-to
(5)  t-HX^Cío L tt/l, t: -í* ícw»-e-ý-0
2.   Ex.:   tii Lh < ft *»^> fc X'-Ť o  ^U^{*1H/!/-eLŔ,
(D few» S < £*»->£-?-*-. 114
Describing   M/in/   lil»  htii iiitil Ifuw  ltlitt%t   tt#»#
(2)  Ž) í 0    /:*»< ft^o/i'Ct..
(3)  Ž) í 0    fcw»L < ft^o/i^'f,
(4)  Ž) á 0   &T> L < ft *»o Ac -c*-f
7. í- ^ 5= á-f, hi-tii-t
When you want to say you put something or left something at a certain  place,  you  always  use the  particle   (;   after the  name of the place.
Set up your sentence this way.
a^i-f    (put)
something
name of place
J:
fo~Ťfoí ~f (leave)
Question:    *»{Í% £   if Z (1   V> $ í L tz i\
Answer:   Ex.:   >»\*X«9 ft *»í 1   £ £ í L /c0
(D   3>Ľa-?-«^
(2)   Z l i.L<T)flfr
(3)   ??-> —Oft*»
(4)   Ť  L^íO-tí-^
(5)   -eX^OÝtf
(6)   x U fíO^  l>ŕ>
Say where you left your umbrella.
Ex.:   Backseat    ^> ^  U«*^l:   h~ŤftÍ Vtz0 ( 1) In the taxi
(2)  At the station
(3)  On the bus
(4)  At home
115
Lesson 19
Let's learn the following dialogue.
^í,    8 t ti/O   f 1"o   Ä if») t i T *J> JíO  /s-XíO   ÍC*»{-
$ íl. '*> Y<t>KA,Iyp i H  Ť-xco LŽ>^*J t, 0 á L/čo
^á, 4ľ -e"to ^> f (i ^N-xtfo *»^ ľ-h; ^á t
116
Describing What You Did and How Things Were
AX(7)           «x!:, *si%** * o i*/,-? l/=*»0
a^L*ro tft   fc*»Ati íi.^-ei-*>o
^h                   *f o ^ Ť «O   tí/^ Ü ,   Í^^</L řl ^ ŽI,   T-XtfO
^>h                  í>í>,   l*»o/čo
*^ľí>» t/1    c cíc  & í ž. £   Uť Už  Jofa*^ Líto
(  • EXERCISĚ1D
1.   Look at the picture on page 108.   Choose the correct statement based on the condition given in English.
(1)  Today is April 30th.
b-   JWŤ,   ta* < ti   ^/7Ž   4H»Ufc,
(2)  Today is April 14th.
a.    $cDň ,   fcfc Ui   ^ j: Ť *»w»-x  v,^ i L fc0
b.    J O Ť ti   Ž>tó   -CL/čo
c   ý CO Ť,   b /= L ti   Jn4«v>-sv»äiHULfc„
(3)  Today is April 7th.
a.    HiĹiĹ^K   lí'Oi   tí o *^»if ll-   k>ÍLŔ,
b.    U ü £ ^   tí" < ti   £*o - Ť "í"   Ť- X S    LÍLfc. c   JJSSK  tr < ti   7Hŕ> h Ž   Ž>tfáL/bo
117
Lesson  19 (4) Today is April 25th.
a.    4k x 1 ti   htbt+Jb 0 á-ä■^-C*L^o
b.    fc£ iív»,   fc/= Lli   Í/7Í   **v»i L/=„
2.   Read  the  story  and  the dialogue  on  the  pages   116-17.    Then  answer the questions in complete sentences.
$x	1 .	l:^*f	/:<U*1HŔ	o if-5 L "C-ei-**.
if-5	IX	^> Hi	*>(ÍX£   Ť L %«•«■£ l-  ři*ÍL/=**„	
^r>	\-<OfrlfA,<0>		ar*»ř- íeu*** •) í	L Ťz *>o
^i	4	t-C-fo "ry h-o^tiXti  €		čiu*») á l/=*»o
^r>	Hi	'txcot	w»L-í»-e  ŕi'i:ž  *>	HL/: *>o
y>	h«9*»ti\Ui		žrytíř^tiTiC-e-í-*»	o
118
Describing What  You Did and How  Things  Were
fJííTjyjr/ ►►^
1.    Look at the picture on page 116.    Pretend that you are Kent and cany on a conversation with the man in the office.
2.    Put on a skit based on the following plot.
You ate at a hamburger shop with your friend. It was raining. When you came out, it had stopped raining so you forgot to pick up your umbrella. At the station you remembered that you had left your umbrella ať the shop. You hurried back, but you could not find it where you had put it. You asked one of the waitresses about your umbrella. She asked you what sort of umbrella it was. You told her what it was like. The waitress said that she had found it and took it out from behind the counter and gave it to you.
119
Asking Someone
to Do Something
• • New Words  •••••••••••••••••••
ľíl I                 hat, cap
ZoX                    {X form of £ 0 ä-f)
íl ít            get
K -9 "C < /"£ í *<■>     Please get it for me.
CO                            one (see Explanation 2)
Ť) í J'                   rabbit
li*<^   if -9 ý*        Here you are.
[   120 ]
Asking Someone to Do Soinet/iing
I   A-tr-t	(t  form of A-tri t)              I
í     Ä-ŕii-	show                                             •
: t t, t- ĺ	a little more                               J
: v do	ribbon                                            •
: 'Mo si * i-	put ribbon on                              •
: ĺ t	(-C  form of  lát)                  I
•    ÝŤĽC</:ÍV>	Please do that                            •
: & *>u	good friend                                 J
í   V* .t 1 $	ill, sick                                        •
J    fi t tp^-^	toy shop                                      •
:   {iÄi^íO  7°Hŕ> b	gift to comfort a sick person   J
•   i*;bv>v>	cute                                              •
; ňk>íu	stuffed animal                             J
1--------- Basic Expressions -----------------	
1.   ÝťO Iľi L ž   íotUi^	Please get that hat for me.
2.    L ^^60S   Ä-ŕt < /;ív\	Please show me the white one.
—UHrlHiWMil---------------------------------------------------------------
1. Japanese has a special way for you to ask someone to do something for you. You put the verb in a certain form and add the expression < /: J n.    This is called the X form.
Before you study this lesson, go back to lesson 6 about "classroom expressions" on page 23. Reread Explanation 3 in lesson 16 on page 84 also.    You already know that :
X  form of a verb+ { /"£ $ v> =  Please do (something) for me.
These are the X forms of the verbs you've already learned. Learn them well by heart.
Lesson 6
( 1 )   lit*lt (2)Alt
(begin) (look, see)
litibX At
12
K)	to	K)	N>	NJ		K)	NJ	K)	—		—	—	~	—	—		—		—	
-J	o\	0*1	4^	OJ		K)	—	O	»O		ex	-j	ON	\J\	4^		OJ		K)	
w	*—	1—'	'—'	N-*'	r^	*—'	""""^	*—	^-^	r~	'—	w	**-'	w	1—'	r^	■—'	ľ-	~~^	1-
U-	v.	ff	U-	^	2	M-		3-	<>-	í*	'#■	<3-		JJ*	tr	f	CJ-	2	W-	f6
c	'#	w-	<-	>*	o	CJ-	9*t	,>	'H<-	Co O	w-	ř*.	t*	ú^	*		<#■	to O	vT	O
~r	w-	4	-o	4	3	~=f	^	-J3	suv	a	-4-	^3	W-	'^	-jy	s	w-	a	W-	a
4	4-		-4-		CO	4		-4	H-	•vi			4-	4	•4	Os	4	-t^	4	u>
-i	TO	TO	(D	TO				(rq	B						r		D.			
3	n>	O	3	O				O	c/>						3		-i			
		O rr	-n	O C				o -i O							-n C/l		^		'—'	
								C/l												
		o.						tO												
Z   5s  w-  5»   A  f,r
14    (4    4   W    W    W
cr c
I    §".   I    t
		~	^	O 3
	o*>	4^	OJ	
r-	w	w	'—'	O
í*	í—		'#•	
o	M-	<■	'l*	
a	4-	W-	W-	
tVJ		4- 4-		
O.
o
3 O
C	y. &	u-	A	w-   í	íf-	'Hr
r-	<> ^	<r	A	*£   ^	r>	<-
vi	A	vi		vi	vi	A
A		a		^A	A	
A     r*'     vi        Ů4     *
vi     M     5    vi
M
w-	**•  k  5s   S   ;>  *	r   í   w
vi	vi  ?> a ^ ;. z	^    vi      Z
^	/^\    ^            ^    *~A    *H	A  A
A
								ít
-J	ON	On	-£>	w	hJ	~	£?	^
ít	s*-	M-	íi	f<	Si	(1		Ol
o<	s	3-		S	d	S	m	
r*	ÍJ-	O!	~SS	S' 1 M,	o<	•a-	•cs-	
fx		0	4" O		<>	^	^ w	
O*	w-			W	f^-	PÍV	<3-	
W	•a-			'*■	vi	K	rl)/r	
	^3			<#■		,v	W-	
^	W-			w-	í^	w	-4-	
n*"								
or	4-o			4-o	C5-	4-o		
W-					i/			
4-o					4-o			
*	*	*	*	*	*	*		
OJ     OJ
On    on
"""   ^    l>
H 4-
O    C,
*    vi

o
a
^   X   ^
4-   <*■
w-  -4. 4-
o -t
TO
4- r ^ a
A
v.   a*   4-   r>   &*•
K   ^>    3f-    J*   «^
'aí   ^    -j   >*   fit<-
W-    >*    W-    ^-   »*
saL   \aL   soL            ^oL
00     -q      in
í.  HT 5' 3   •<
I   I
5t	ô*	4	r>	01     to VJ*         ?f
K	^	5r	vi	*» «
<-	^	vi	A	<--       c^
^	A	a		a    2
Lesson 20
Explanation
2.    l_ ?>v>tfO        a white one
Review the usage of the particle CO
>rs Yco  tXA,l	•ŕ	Kent's bicycle (Lesson 13, Explanation 1)
£ l $ x l <r> *!"o	- 1	a school in Tokyo
*>>r<o {l^		an   English   book OR a  book   written   in English.
-!r> FO  -etc		It's Kent's (Lesson 13, Explanation 6)
^b/c   l<0    f to		It's mine.
/c^co -C-t*%		Whose is it ?
L 2>V>íO                   A  white one
tô tô J HiD               A  big one
ifci, L^O            A  new one
Adjective+Í0
This CD replaces the noun mentioned before. It works as an English word one in the sentences like "Please give me a white one." OR "1 like the red one better."
Ex.:    Z CO   L/CitA/li   i.Sv»-e-f0
Ž>7c b l^COŽ    ľ.^X < ŕz* ^0
This newspaper is old. Please get me a new one.
Ex.:    L^trŤLŽ    </=5^o          ^L^ťOž < /=$v»c
1-   fiřijv»   /.— b £    < fz^^o           ^>
3.  >ív>    L A, .i: X, ž    < ťÍK         ■§>
4.    */=í> L.V»   hl % < &    </:**.»„    ^>
5.    v>v»   ^/7Í   *>-9-C{ /:ív>0
124
Asking Someone to Do Something
6.   ti^ih^ £&**& Ä*-c </=i^0
7.   *>* i_v> ha,ž j^-e< /=**>„
Let's learn the following dialogue. TV              -tAÍ-tíXo   *<0   < ^>   15? S    ží-p-C < /:* w»0
TV             ZKfrh   iff)   L^^íOt  Ä*t</=$v>„
.....ii-fzi tiažoví' h i *-*■*»„
125
Lesson 20
T>H   K^-ii íř**«t L-e-tc   V'-ľli *>*, ^'nK't.  Z:*»^
Ať>rŽ   *H»íto    K-f-ti   Ä V» <• s Ä**  -f £lM".   T>ÍÍ
(  • EXERCISÉID
1.    Respond to the following statements.     Complete each verb form  in the "C  form.    Write the correct hiragana in the blanks.
ex.: r/n^i^Hto t a* a s... *:x»__1L_ < *? í ^
write
d) z*ui «u%k nx,-c-t. ý« (j^£.......___<*?s^.
show
(2) At,** h**i á^■^o              - ť řjrXx-e________< /íí^„
ask (3)**,  Kit**** "f ŕ ä L/čo    -*i£_.............. </=*5^0
eat
(^iíi^j^^^J/iioiíto é» *»if£_______</=$v»0
turn
(5) *ov>í>í, *ij:?/=w»-e-t0   y-/i/-c-......  ......</=$^0
swim
2.    Answer the following questions.
(D  T>íO   ÍC*»J: Hi   tzflt-ffro
(2)    K-fti   v>á,   žfCU^ái-*»,,         .....__________.....___.......____
(3)   Č*>  Lttt*>.
(4)  T>ii   if C "f   íiÄáv»<0   7pHŕ> b ž   *«v»iL^*>o
126
Asking Someone to Do Something (5)  ÍÍÄá^íO   ^l/-b'>HÍ   & X/"C*-*"*>„
(6)   K^-ii,   í!:iř tK'tK      ___...........
(7)  TXi   iT/LíC  tóv>('Wí   *»v»áL/:**0
1.    You are at the following stores. One of you will be a customer and another one will be a shopkeeper. Do some shopping at each of the stores.
(1)   camera shop
(2)   bicycle shop
(3)   bookstore
2.    Look at the picture on page  120.
Pretend that you are the boy on the platform.
What would you say to the Stationmaster in the following situations ?
(1)     You dropped your report card.
(2)     You dropped coins from your pocket.
(3)     Your shoe fell on the track.
Words for this role play report card    o ť t, V~ x 1 ¥10 coin       \0ž.&ŕ£l ¥50 coin       50ž. A, ŕ£í ¥100 coin      \00ž.A,fzl shoe                < o
127
s <
^ ^
hth,   iu'itzo      What a relief!    19 í>fiv>    blue    19 Jbi*Ž*>    light,  bright    18 h^lřhi. 1
Asahi-cho (a place name)    16 £> ý ^    over there    16 hílří-f    play    18 htz h L ><>    new    15 &^v>    hot    15 hUtz    you    10
#>í9    that+ (noun) over there    13 & 3 v>    sweet    15 foth    rain    2-(3)
h >)**£ ■? ry^í LR.
Thank you very much.    10
*0 it there is ... , (see Explanation 1)    17
Jb&^iX    walking; on foot    16
hZ5-t-f    walk    18
$,j?i   that one over there    10
Ž>/,ÍC^l tito show someone around    18
h ^ í 0     not so much    7
v > v ■>    good    15
v»v>i    no    2-(3)
No, it's not.    2-(3) ^v>t*1"*%      Is it all right ?    18 k>Mt    go    16
v» < i,ttK      How much is it?   9-(3) v»It If ft    flower arranging    11 <,*-f   chair   2-(3); 6 *■> ŕz ŕ: z> í -f  (greeting before the meal) 4 nt,     one    9-(l) K^Ljľ-    together    6 v>-3"t < ri»>,'      Please go.    16 v->-3*C < /fí»-»«2      Please say.   6 v>o-3    five   3 v>*>a    dog   2-(3) v» 3    now   9-(2)
there is ... , (see Explanation  1)    17 k>ti Ť í    younger sister    5 *<* t o L 'f »■> á -<ŕo      Welcome!    14 Ť í Jf    rabbit    20 Ť L %    back,   behind    19 Ť t,    house,  home   2-(3) Ť.C't/vlrt)    driver    16
i^*5"   movie    13
x>»Cľ    English    11
*.£,   li v» yes    11
t J    station    2-(3)
š^    yen    9-(3)
LAsVi    pencil   6
#*,-> L v>    taste good    15
ti 1 ŕz A, lí t? i    crosswalk    17
«Jijw    big    15
ři*'Ž>i•^    mother   5
Joíii'L-^    sweet shop    17
Xžílfz    past form of ti J J -f    19
ti^í-f1      get up    18
«í* í "f"2      put    19
ti$r < 5 A    guest    18
íi t v»-» ^ /O    grandfather   5
ti K 1 í ^    father    5
fc> £ Ť K    younger brother    5
ti tĹ tĹ v >    the day before yesterday    19
ütLti    adult    9-(4)
titib*¥i-$ i L/bo      I'm hungry.   14
fiU»->5A    elder brother   5
£5 fa *. 5 ^    elder sister    5
Please do (something) for me.    19
ti\it i ry^ät.
Good morning.    4
íiíffc'5^    grandmother    5
ti~<AsZLi     packed lunch    19
ti í h 0 i ^    policeman    17
gift to comfort a sick person    20 ti i v>    heavy    19
ti t 4"o /;    past form of íi t, v»    19 £> t L3>»->    interesting    15 ť t tj -i> ■<*    toy shop    20 Ji^-fAft $ »•>    Good night.    4 ««tíai"    swim    18 fi/C*'*<     music   2-(3) *■    (a particle, see Explanation 5)    10 i»v» L f    company    19 jJ'^íi"    buy    12 *'*. 0 Si"    return    16 *> J J-ý-    write    12 *»$     umbrella    2-(3) *> if    corner    17 *>li%    bag    19 ť XT If    Tuesday    19
[  '29 ]
? < ^ ^
i' to    because    18
*> !o \,>    salty     15
#> fr v»ir>    cute    20
i*i  (a particle, .see Explanation  1)    II
ti*'2   (a particle, see Explanation 2)    18
if-3 C 7     school     13
Jv»X < ifin.       Please listen.    6
b-ží-f1    listen    12
Jíá1"2    ask    17
JoJtA    coffee shop    17
£ -5 "C    stamp    11
5-*,„i:    ticket    2-(3)
J «0 7     yesterday    19
í í ~t   come    16
J vp 7     nine    9-( I)
J rp 1 L" * 1     ninety    9-( 1)
£ j: i     today     IS
$■ £ T !>>v>    church    19
J ŕ, wf-fo      1 don't like it.    7
J/CJiŤy   Friday    19
J' »-p t !: yp i     milk    14
J* A ^ 7     bank    17
<     =sj* i
( Ť Ci     airport    16 ( -ý- n ^    pharmacy    17
<  ří*>    give (something) to me    10
<  7*5 t <0 <=    fruit shop    17
<   S á    car    2-(3)
{As    (a suffix, see page 20)    5
It L 3*U    eraser    10
It o C 7 -C*"ťo      No, thank you.    12
It/C«'    fight   2-(3)
It A ži 7     Japanese fencing    11
Ifolllř    Monday    19
:ii/l    park    2-(3)
;i C Ť -třv>    high school student    9-(4)
;i Si **'-? C i     high school    9-(5)
C i (i'X    police box    17
C < l£ A,    blackboard   6
C < liXIt L    chalk eraser    6
C C     here    16
Z Z<D^>    nine    3
ZCO    this + (noun)    13
Z ft    this one    10
Z&r-t,li0      Hi !    4
r1    five    9-(l)
Z'2    language (see page   43)    11
r Ľ rt, 7     fifty   9-( I)
rt.Ýiíí.
(greeting after the meal)    4 í**fr    fish    2-(3) í j^ÍC-y*    fish store    17
ÍÍ'V>    cold    15
ill fr b0      Good-bye.    4
í í    monkey    2-(3)
J/t1    (a suffix, see page 20)    5
$ A,2    three    9-( I)
Í/IĽ*7      thirty    9-( I)
Í^Ľ'^í-9.;:^    30 minutes    9-(2)
ťj'o L     magazine    14
L    ^IL
L & *<>    game,   tournament    19
L It/v    exam., test    4 5
Lfí'l: Lt</;-ív>Q
Please be quiet.    6 L t,    seven    9-( 1) L tj C" í ^    (a  celebration,   iee   Cultural
Note p.3l)    9-(4) IX    (X   form of |_ á -f)    20 L í i"    do    12
L rt> { rfir»    homework    6 ; 13 Lii4>*( Hž-v»
elementary school student    9-(4) Li Ť **'-3 Z i     elementary school    9-(5) L x < Ľ'     meal    13 Li < Či     cafeteria    18 l A, Z" i     traffic light     16 LX,,i-.X    newspaper    2-(3) ttALf    bicycle    13 L*X/lL^x=    bicycle shop    17 L>í.    then    12 Ľ yp i    ten   9-( I) Ľ yp l v •> t,    eleven    9-( I) Ľ rt> 7 í rt> 7     =í t «i i < Ľ rt> 7 <     nineteen    9-( I) Ľ * 1 Z'    fifteen    9-(l) ĽmiU    thirteen    9-(l) Ľ rt> 7 L     fourteen    9-( I) Ľ » 7 L t,    seventeen    9-( I) L" m Ť Li    address    19 Ľ n> 7 fr fr    =* Ľ » Ť l t, L" i-u Ť í;    twelve   9-(l) L* rp i lit,    eighteen    9-( I) t yp l 1A,    4t*U Ľ n> 1 h <     sixteen    9-(l) L" i i ti"    horseback riding    8 Ľ'/I    (a suffix) person    5 "ť v> ž. *<»    swimming    I I -fv>?>>    watermelon    2-(3) "ř*<>J:ŤI/'*    Wednesday    19 ■f 5-X-fo      I  like it.    7 fit    a little    8; 18 -fob*")     completely    19 -fAJ-tí-zC      Excuse me.    4
130
ŕ   <   ^ ^
"f & 7     Japanese wrestling    1 I
tfclít    sit    18
-tí-J     seat     19
Vili A,    soap    2-(3)
-ŕoAtv    explanation    15
-tŕ-3<£>l<> L i     manual    15
It A,     thousand    9-( I)
•fr/Hrv*    teacher     11
-tf'A-tfX    not at all    8
i 1 Lt<f}K.      Please do that.    20
í Z    there    16
% IX    and    19
ÝO    that + (noun)    13
Yd'1    buckwheat noodle   2-(3)
iď'    near    16
Ý tl    that one    10
Ýti*'b    and then    10
Ý 3> \XA,    abacus     1 I
/•;*>(,»    expensive    15
/: < ť^    a lot    19
ř;t,íf    stand    18
/i-^ai"    eat    12
/: á r    egg    2-(3)
tzL t'i 7 lř    birthday    19
/i'v»** <     college    9-(5)
t~ \,\-f \ X'~f „       1 like it very much.    7
fíi'h    therefore    18
tz LX < t£ í v >„       Please hand in.    6
tih.    who    13
t,Kjn    small    15
tpi't^    subway, underground    16
fc-f    map    2-(3);6
t>rt> Ť *f < -rv>
junior high school student    9-(4) t> i* 7 ***-? C Ť
junior high school    9-(5) U yp 1 L f t"x l     parking lot    17 t, i o £    a little    13 t> J: -ačl-Aá-ŕ/U       Excuse me.    17 tjioCiit.      Wait a minute !    13 o J*    next,  coming    13 o < £    desk    2-(3") ; 6 "^ á b fr ^    boring    15
Oft/;»
cold (for something you touch)     15 t*JA    letter    2-(3)
X A,    mark,   point    15
XI     (a particle, see Explanation 2) 16 X2 (a particle, see Explanation 4) 17 f Jit.      I can do it.    8
X"t    am,   is,   are    5 Xl-f    go out    18
i     but    II
A, L -ŕ    train    16
Ayfo    telephone    13
A,h^fi-v7X    telephone booth
17
(a particle, see Explanation 3)    10 fj    =* L* yp l ti i)     street    17 ltv>    watch,   clock    2-(3) -?X    (-C    form of S 0 á I")    20 -5 t < /:ÍK„ Please get it for me.    20 X t     very    15 fr i)     next to    17 t /í t,    friend    13
á t    get    20 how    19
L "C    why    18
-f»1     Please, (for offering)    12
Ý'„2     Here you are.    15
&„      Thank you.    12
H14fř:i„      Thank you.    4 ^    where    16 n    which + (noun)    13 1 1 V    Saturday    19 fl    which one    10 Ay fr    what kind of    15 i>    inside    19 *> 1 L    good friend    20 L    pear    2-(3)
fr   ^>lh
fr Ľ * 7     seventy 9-( 1)
fr o    seven    3
I;    what    12
Izi'    something    18
name   5 How old
what time
9
9-(2)
9-(4)
^^>
A. Ľ
^-f    by what OR how    16 A,X'i-*>\      What is it ?    2-(3) ^ía^-^řv>    what grade   9-(5)
two   9-(l) řJt->    smell    18 jí>»v>    upstairs    18
<      meat    2-(3)
<  -v0    butcher    17
Ľ yp i     twenty    9-( 1) t>toM>    H>ii/cfe h lilf    Sunday    19 llA,Z~    Japanese language    11 í, o    luggage    19 n{-?A    stuffed animal    20 (a particle, see Explanation 4)
12
131
* < ^ a.
ta Z    cat   2-(3)
fa 3 -f   go to bed    18
------taX,-£v>    —grade   9-(5)
£0    one (see Explanation 2)   20
«9 £**•**'*>£ í L/i„      I'm thirsty.    13
«9 A 31"    drink    12
O At»    drink   2-(3)
li    (a particle, see page 18)   5
ii^    yes   2-(3)
tiv^   Ý Ť "C-1.      Yes, it is.    2-(3)
tiv>,   if i Ý'»      Here you are.    20
liv> i)if    enter    18
li í A    scissors   2-(3)
(ÍL 0ŽÝ    run    18
tiĽtói:    first    18
li Ľ *b 3 Li To       Let's begin.    6
li /i fe   20 years old    9-(4)
life    eight    9-(l)
life Ľ* 7     eighty    9-(I)
fift    flower    14
liít-^    florist    17
liJC< ,  tiJi»<o      Hurry up !    13
liX    turn    13
If- Z ť J    airplane   2-(3)
Vrz1)    left    16
y- K    person    10
t/ří-5    one    3
U-+ <     hundred    9-(l)
V*X 7 $    i", sick    20
*i.rz-o   two    3
.J,/i 0    both of them    18
„J.fa    ship,   boat   2-(3)
J.S^    old    15
Jr. Č *>    grapes   10
's (It) (a particle, see Explanation 1)16
-s-«r»    room    2-(3)
li L v>    want    11
llo**V>if Ť
Hokkaido (place name)    19 HA,    book   2-(3) ; 6 HA.tlTlz    really    18 (Í X^ -^    bookstore    17 IÍŤ L    hat,  cap   20 li* <     I (for boy's use only)    5 !i*< /ife    we    13 íi%í v>
dwarf tree planted in a pot    1 1 3 W; fe    every day    13 2**0 31"    turn    17 3 -5-f <-    straight    16 í ť    window   2-(3) ; 6 á A,   ><>fe3^   ten thousand   9-(l)
3/v*s   cartoon,  comic book    14 At'A,
(a kind of Japanese citrus fruit)    10 A*    right    16 ä**»**?    on the right    17 A-f   water   2-(3) A-tř    shop    10
Ä-Ö-C    ("C    form of A-r31")    20 A-B-íOIAí;    shopkeeper; salesclerk    10 A-Ö-J1"   show   20 Afe    way,  road    17 A o o   three   3 At < /f iv>„      Please look.    6
bound'for Midoricho    19 Ait    see,   watch    12 ť L    worm,   insect    2-(3) t-i. ibisi3    magnifying glass    2-(3) &•-***• L v>    difficult    15 & o o   six   3 <6*"fa    glasses   2-(3) &    (a particle, see Explanation 4)    10 t Ť ,  -f Z L    a little more   20 U iŤf   Thursday    19 t fe ?> ^    of course    11 t í,    peach   2-(3) -t^ŕJ^    green grocery    17 jf" J L *<»    easy    15 Jč='i"l'>    cheap    15 ■fťA   holiday,  vacation    19 -v'o o    eight   3 Jf> 3    mountain   2-(3) *P 1 XľL £ í <     post office    17 tí> Ji    snow   2-(3) vP $ tzí í    snowman   2-(3) X    (a particle, see Explanation 6)    15 Xr>l   four    3 Ji A3 Ý    read    12 X Í    night    2-(3) X h L < o      Nice to meet you.    5 i^U «ía*fv,L3+o
Nice to meet you.    5 J^    four   9-(l) I/CĽr»!    forty   9-(l) b < *>*£    graffiti    2-(3) 1/tr    apple   2-(3) ilx^í*-) C    refrigerator    2-(3) tiA,Lti> 7    practice    13 h 7 Ý <     candle    2-(3) h <     six    9-(l) 2> < Ľ* ")     sixty    9-(l) *?*>*) ÍLŔ
132
í   <   ^ ^
(past form of fr*" 0 31")    16 hi'1) í-f    understand hi'<) t*tL
I don't know. ; I don't understand.    17 h L x i     Japanese food    2-(3) h?tli Itz
(past form of hi tit t)    19 h-ftlii-    forget    19 hrzl    15
fc/i 1 31"    go across    17 hZ^'    bad    15
ž1    (a particle, see Explanation 1)    10
g2    (a particle, see Explanation 5)    17
T A X 7 ') — U    ice cream    3
T / ') #    America    13
T>    Ann (a name of a person)    12
4— X? —    Easter    19
t-Xr7')T    Australia    13
i] ŕ 7    camera    13
ijŕý'ť    camera shop    17
if U    chewingum    3
7ýX    class    18
y —Jf-    cake    12
>T y \-     Kent (a name of a person)    5
Y— U    game    13
a-t-    coffee    2-(5) ; 12
3 -y ť j. — 7 —    computer    18
"f V VA "/Ť    sandwich    3
X + —    ski    11
X *r — b '+*— K   skateboard   2-(5)
X^-7''y/    sportbag    19
7 7 v —    taxi    16
7 7 i/ —cO 1 ti"    place to get a taxi    17
■j- g 3 U — h    chocolate    3
f- — ~f   tape,  cassettes    12                >"
Ť r. X    tennis    13                            \^
7^X3- b    tennis court    13 ŕ V-ť    TV    12 ŕl/ťy-i    TV game    15 f/t- |*    department store    16 y-j-    Donna (a name of a person)    5 / — b    notebook   2-(5) /\ >->■>*— tí—    hamburger    3 /tA 9    motorcycle    16 /\'X    bus    16
/n'XCOÍÍ.'*'    on the bus    19 -"í X CO 1 ti*    place to get on a bus    17 /•«-J--f-    banana   2-(5) ->\*^-7    vanilla    14 /\'> K    band    19 /->•>    bread    12 t*~y4?    bakery    17 7 -f - IV V T X U -f -j 7
field athletics    15 7*U-fe*> t-     present    12 "í >    pen    10 ,ií-rt,    ball    19 ^Xť     mailbox    17 -? ') T    Maria    17 = y \     mint    14 *7 *r ••/ \-    racket    13 7-/f    radio    2-(5) ') **>    ribbon    20 ')-+*> ž L 3 1"    put ribbon on    20 1/3-F    record, disk    2-(5) ; 12 U X Y ý >    restaurant    17 n — y — X y — b     roller skates    4
133