AII SEMINAR 6 Music Task 1 – Read the quotes, discuss your views with a partner, and present to the class. 1 “Folk music is the ‘original melody’ of man; it is the ‘musical mirror’ of the world.” – Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), German philosopher. 2 “Music washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.”– Ned Rorem (b.1923), American composer. 3 “As the music is, so are the people of the country.” – Turkish proverb. 4 “After silence, that which comes nearest to expressing the inexpressible, is music.” – Aldous Huxley (1894-1963), English philosopher and writer. 5 “The language of tones belongs to all mankind, and melody is the absolute language in which the musician speaks to every heart.” – Richard Wagner (1813-1883), German composer. Task 2 – Choose the correct answer. 1. Mozart composed music when he was still a child. He had great __________ for it. a) ability b) force c) gift d) skill 2. Just as the violinist began to play, one of the __________ on his violin broke. a) chord b) cords c) strings d) wires 3) She never learnt the piano but she can play by __________. a) ear b) hand c) heart d) memory 4) The audience gave the soloist an enthusiastic __________ when he entered. a) applause b) clapping c) encore d) reception 5) Although I play the piano quite well, I still can’t __________. a) play a score b) play the notes c) read a score d) read music. 6) She ought to __________ singing with a voice like that. a) take on b) take to c) take up d) undertake 7) The next __________ on the programme will be a sonata by Beethoven. a) bit b) item c) part d) piece 8) In the orchestra the oboe and the bassoon are two of the __________ instruments. a) breath b) lip c) mouth d) wind 9) When the artist opened his violin case, he found that someone had stolen his __________. a) arc b) bow c) rod d) stick 10) The piano is badly out of __________, I’m afraid. a) melody b) practice c) tune d) use Adapted from: MISZTAL, Mariusz. Tests in English : Tematická slovní zásoba. Havlíčkův Brod : Fragment, 1998. Task 3 – Fill in the gaps with names of music styles. 1. The __________ has its roots in African-American folksongs, adding in some European melodies. It is usually played with guitar, banjo, and the harmonica using techniques from other genres, such as the gospel technique of call-and-response, and the trademark 12-bar rhythm. __________ *lyrics lean toward soul-searching and bearing *grievances, striking a chord in many listeners. An often popular, even stereotypical method is the way a __________ song will say one line, repeat it again, then conclude with a different line. A good example is a song by Tracy Chapman called "Give Me One Reason". 2. __________ music is a term used to refer to music which *stems from learned traditions and which is taught through institutions. __________ music is broken up into six eras. The music of these eras share common aspects of style in a time period. Furthermore, it can be seen that __________ music was influenced by changes in culture and society. The eras of __________ music are: the Middle ages, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Twentieth Century. 3. Strange as it may seem, __________ has roots in Scots-Irish heritage. Most believe that a mix of European folk songs, with African-American blues has created the basic 'formula' of __________ as we now know it. Many attribute Jimmie Rodgers or the gospel-singing Carter Family as the original founders of this new style in the early 1950s. __________ artists such as Merle Haggard, George Jones and Johnny Cash began to gain as much of a following as Rock 'n Roll, another musical genre rising at about the same time. Artists like Hank Williams Sr. and Elvis Presley became pop stars as well. 4. The image of __________ is forever *immortalized in the Saturday Night Fever movie poster as John Travolta struck the famous '__________ pose'. The film *glamorized the __________ culture as an era where leisure-suit *clad men danced their way from one discotheque to another, looking for romantic adventure. __________ received its name from these clubs that played nothing but dance music, with or without lyrics. 5. The term __________ is a reference to the 'good news' of *salvation, but outside Christian circles, it is a reference to a musical style that takes its roots from African-American Christian celebrations. The style, with its fast beats and call-and-response was used for those who would share and *testify at churches in the American South. 6. To a large extent __________ *evolved from the Blues, but is generally a lot more *upbeat and *laid-back. __________ has a dedicated following of music lovers who appreciate the skill and talent displayed in the extensive improvisation by musicians, with virtually no two performances being exactly the same. 7. __________ music is the music to which a theatrical dramatic performance is set. Whilst an __________ is presented with acting, scenery etc., the words are sung. __________ singers are *accompanied by an instrumental *ensemble and in some instances by a complete symphonic orchestra. 8. __________ and __________, terms that are often used interchangeably, usually center around the urban culture of the inner city. Many say that __________ borrows from the DJ or MC approach to song-playing, famed for calling out, turntabling, and beatboxing. __________ evolved from African-American music, including R&B, Soul, Funk, and even Disco. Adapted from Musicians.com [online]. 1995 - 2011 [cit. 2011-03-14]. Learn more about music genres on Musicians.com. Dostupné z WWW: . Discussion questions: discuss these questions about music. 1. Can you remember the name of the first single or album you ever bought? Who was it by? 2. Which songs do you currently like? 3. Which of the kinds of music in the previous exercise do you particularly enjoy? 4. Are there any other kinds of music that are not listed that you like? 5. Are there any kinds of music listed that you dislike? Why do you dislike them? 6. Do you like to have background music while you are working? If so, what kind of background music do you like? 7. Can you read music? Can you explain the basic system used for writing music? 8. Can you play any musical instruments and how well do you play them? 9. What musical instrument and what kind of music would you like to be able to play well and why? Adapted from: MCCARTHY, Michael; O'DELL, Felicity. English Vocabulary in Use : Upper-intermediate. 2nd ed. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2001. World music Task 4 – Listening - Gap fill 1. World Music is _______ music from _______ other than Western European and the USA. 2. It has been referred to as _______ traditional music – still being _______ and enjoyed, not being _______ or rediscovered. 3. Most modern American popular music is rooted in _______ . 4. Anglo-American popular music is more ______ and commercialised – World Music is more alive and _______ - 5. Many West African musicians belong to _______ who have been making music for _______ - 6. Soukous and salsa music makes you want to _______ . 7. The music of the Andes and Hungary is very _______ . 8. Asian music uses different _______ from Western music. 9. The term ´World Music´ was _______ by a group of record _______ to help buyers to know where to find such recordings in a record shop. 10. Peter Gabriel´s motto is ´High-tech and _______ ´. Adapted from: Jones, Leo, New Cambridge Advanced English, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.17 Task 5 – Gap fill – Music and Language Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. Sometimes there might be more possible options. World Music makes use of a lot of styles from many different countries. As a (1)__________, World Music also includes a lot of different lyrics in different languages. Many of these languages are (2)__________ spoken in those particular countries -- African dialects; French in France and Quebec; German; Hebrew; Spanish in Latin America and Spain . . . the list goes (3) __________. This linguistic diversity can be one of the (4)__________ *appealing aspects of World Music. Songs become windows (5) __________ the particular culture of the artist in every way from instruments to language. In some cases, music becomes a way in (6)__________ a person learns another language. (7) __________ I was a student, I found a good way to remember almost anything was to put it to a rhythm. How does this apply to music and language? If someone studying English was struggling, then when an English-language artist with an *intriguing sound is discovered, all of a (8) __________ pronunciation becomes easier. But the act of simply listening to music in a particular language is not enough to make (9)__________ fluent. The only way to master a language is to (10)__________ for a while amongst native (11)_________: become interested in the culture, read books and magazines in the (12) __________, and write e-mail messages to new-found friends. As a World Music enthusiast, (13) __________, I listen to music in many languages. It's unrealistic to expect that I will learn every language in which I hear someone sing, any more than I will learn how to play every musical instrument used to create the music. It raises (14)__________ of questions, but one in particular: why listen to songs with lyrics you don't (15) __________? Gap fill text modified from http://www.insideworldmusic.com/library/bl1013.htm; viewed on 3.30.2004. Task 6 - Music used as a healing therapy Six sentences have been removed from the article on the left. Choose the most suitable sentence from the list A-H on the right for each part (1-6) of the article. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. A recent study by the Wellcome Trust has investigated the connection between the use of music and the recovery of patients suffering from a variety of medical conditions. The study has brought together musicians, health workers, and researchers to find evidence of the beneficial effects music has on health. (1) In 400 BCE, its *healing properties were documented by the ancient Greeks. More recently, in both world wars in the last century, medical workers used music therapy with people suffering from trauma. Currently, it is used as a treatment for many diseases, such as cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease, and it has also been used with patients with long-term pain and learning disabilities. There is growing evidence that music can cause physical changes to the body which can improve our health. In the Wellcome Trust study, which took place over three years at the Chelsea and Westminster hospital in London, patients were asked to listen to musical performances. (2) . These very positive results are partly due to general well-being. It is already accepted that when people feel happy and have a positive approach to life, they are more likely to feel better and *recover from disease quickly. (3) . However, not all these benefits can be attributed to an increase in general well-being. (4) . According to Professor Robertson, a scientist and musician, some effects of music are mysterious and are, therefore, being investigated further. It has been suggested that the sounds and rhythms of music help stimulate the brain and send electrical messages to the muscles and *limbs. 5. . Many in the medical profession have not yet recognized the healing benefits of music, since reports have been based mainly on anecdotal evidence. These new studies could provide proof to medical practitioners that music is a suitable *treatment for many conditions. 6. . A. Music increases this feeling of joy and adds to the recovery process. B. One day doctors may even ‘prescribe’ music, but that could be a long time in the future. C. Science, however, demands facts and hard evidence. D. As a result, it was found that stress levels were significantly reduced, recovery times were improved, and fewer drugs were needed. E. Not everyone is a fan of using music as a healing therapy, however. F. Music has long been used to treat patients suffering from different problems. G. Music has other effects which have not yet been understood. Answer the questions according to the text: 1. Is there any clear proof that music can heal? 2. For which diseases is music currently used? 3. What effects does music have on people? 4. Do we know how music therapy works? 5. What effects does feeling good have on our health? Adapted from: PHILPOT, Sarah; CURNICK, Lesley. New Headway : Academic Skills. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2007. Task 6 – Grammar – Focus on so, such, and such a 1 That was really an outstanding performance. __________ great musicians are hard to find. 2 It was a super concert. We had __________ good time that we will always remember it. 3 I didn’t enjoy the music. The singers were __________ loud and shrill^19. 4 The lyrics were __________ difficult to understand; I really couldn’t catch even a single word. 5 We can’t decide which performance to attend; it’s __________ dilemma. 6 It was __________ difficult music, that we had a hard time appreciating it. 7 He is __________ good composer that he gained worldwide recognition. 8 The open-air concert was excellent but it was _________ bad weather that we left before it ended. Task 7 – Grammar – Focus on few and a few; little and a little 1 __________ of the band members gathered for a jam session last night. 2 There was very __________ applause after the embarrassingly bad performance. 3 Very __________ people came to the concert, as it was not very well promoted. 4 Could you turn up the volume __________? 5 There was __________ attention paid to the event in the media, therefore almost nobody came. 6 I was really lucky to get the tickets, because there were only __________ left. 7 Just _________ people can read music these days. 8 I listen to this kind of music just ____________ bit. Vocabulary 1. lyrics text písně 2. grievance křivda 3. to stem pramenit, pocházet 4. to immortalize zvěčnit, učinit nesmrtelným 5. to glamorize přikrášlit, idealizovat 6. clad oděný 7. salvation spása 8. to testify svědčit, vypovídat 9. to evolve vyvinout se, rozvinout se 10. upbeat radostný, optimistický 11. laid-back klidný, bezstarostný 12. accompany doprovodit 13. ensemble soubor, sbor 14. appealing přitažlivý, atraktivní 15. intriguing zvláštní, zajímavý 16. to heal léčit, hojit 17. to recover uzdravit se 18. limb končetina, úd 19. treatment léčba Word bank 1. to have an ear for music mít hudební sluch 2. to have a good ear mít hudební sluch 3. to play an instrument hrát na hudební nástroj 4. to sing out of tune zpívat falešně 5. tune nápěv, melodie 6. lyrics slova, text písně 7. to play by ear improvizovat 8. to read music číst z not 9. to sing in a choir zpívat ve sboru 10. classical music vážná hudba 11. serious music vážná hudba 12. drums bubny 13. percussion bicí 14. flute flétna 15. accordion tahací harmonika 16. to conduct an orchestra dirigovat orchestr 17. conductor dirigent 18. band/group skupina 19. to practise cvičit (na hudební nástroj) 20. brass band music dechová hudba 21. scales stupnice 22. applause potlesk 23. to applaud tleskat 24. record nahrávka, deska 25. live concert živý koncert 26. to compose music skládat hudbu 27. composer skladatel 28. dance to music tančit na hudbu 29. masterpiece mistrovské dílo 30. interpretation of a song podání písně 31. rave reviews nadšená kritika 32. bad reviews nepříznivá kritika 33. chorus refrén