(^10*1 1       1       S       S       Ö N
§^^(Z)^/E! Winter Vacation Plans
e IS Dialog
0
2
3 jfl 3?
1 /ill
5 /r
6 Ted
7
8 / T
9 fetf
io / T
ft
Winter vacation is approaching ■J
I :
'J - :
I :
9 - :
'J —: I : 'J - : I :
%%m n p if £ £f o t ^ (5 -7 ¥Mvs k 1 n i
Ü   w I M £ T -y "C ^ i L /= J: =
sc^-c. tzti L 5 ^Mi IST ~   !--ff Si £ i~^0 Ifa u tit 11       NN*^-****» ?wi:^lf,
At a travel agency.
2 jfcft-fr&^A : bvsrtHHK
' I
1 l Z. 1 *-i • L <•
3 / r 'J -
5 yr1)-: is«v* Lit
Mary: It is getting cold.
Takeshi: Yes. Mary, what will you du at winter break?
Mary; 1 am planning to go to Korea or Taiwan, but I haven't decided yet.
Takeshi: That's nice.
Mary: Which do you think is better. Korea or Taiwan?
Takeshi; Mm ... I think it is wanner in Taiwan. But Sue said that the food was delicious in Korea.
Mary: I see. By the way, arc you going somewhere. Takeshi? Takeshi; I won't go anywhere. I don't have money, so I will stay here. Mary: Is that so? Then I'll buy some souvenir for you. Takeshi: Wow. thank you.
Mary: I'd like to reserve a plane ticket from Osaka to Seoul. Travel agent: When is it? Mary: December 19.
Travel agent: We have a morning flight and an afternoon flight. Mary: A morning flight, please. Can I use a credit card? Travel agent: Yes.
Mary: How long does it take to Seoul? Travel agent: About one hour.
1--
a b
pn
■Ml
Nouns
£5=		fall
		doctor
	&	station
		rich person
	n	face
		season
		credit card
Z n L		this year
		soccer
-> * 7		shirt
		life: living
		world
		subway
		gloves
		barber's
	|	spring
y -y		pant?
		beauty parlor
		flight
	ft	ship: boa:
	to	baseball
		celebrity
J:^ <		reservation
		next semester
		apple
t\ - adjectives
warm sluw; late
cool (weather—not used for things) cold (thing, people) sleep y
* Words that appear in the dialogue
^-adjective V - v e r b 5
£ f 9 $ 11
i £3
J? u - v e r b
* ^ft 3 ;"£ft& Irregular Verb
easy; simple
to take (amount of time/money) (ko par tick')
to stay (at a hotel, etc.)     (~ I -) to become to pay
to decide
to practice
Adverbs    and    Other Expressions
h I \■ > % t1 % on foot
^£>ii7^ -# best
C C o
-Tb* q
■ Fol
~4
or
for . . . months in . . . time; after . . . these days for . . . weeks
by (means of transportation);
with (a tool)
how; by what means
which
which
how much; how long (do something) early; fast
£ Comparison
In Japanese, adjectives have the same shape in noncomparative and comparative sentences; there is no alteration as in "great/greater." The idea of comparison is expressed by adding something to the nouns that are compared.
A B £0* (property),,    = A isnwre (property) than B. |
jl/U h'X • 3TU X l) — «jiT_*f7 =? > 9 *       b 7H^o C ^uf 1\ fc'/Ws Presley is more hip than Frank Sinatra.
s<-'/y • x h 7 i *f> Y<r>a itfy Y >i~l ') ^±fX"t0
Harbra Streisand is a better singer than Madonna.
You can ask for another person's opinion on two things in comparative terms.
AiBt (property),,
=  Between A and B, which is more (property)?
r*&J£ig#!£ ff-j MINI 3 ^4fv*t*i*#*i
/> cli rap ft; (going by) bus or (by) train's In comparison among three or more items, the degree qualifier is used.
Between Pararutti, Carreras, and Domingo, who do you think is the best singer?
1In real life, the phrases A and B J: •) often appear in the re\erse order, making it very easy to
be misled into believing the opposite of what is actually said. Don't rely on the word order, therefore.
to decide which item is claimed to be superior. Listen carefully for the words <F>\! i A*' and «t 1 . 2 There are several alternates for ff* tsOil 1 . They are:    *i o <OI3 •? , tih. and &% ^. Any one of
these can be used in question sentences seeking comparisons between two items, if-s t, and       ^ ^>
13 i are slightly more colloquial ihan £'£> t'j and >f %>-4»f9i:f31 .
[(class of items) CQf^r"] A tfUSI^Aj (property)0
.1 /x ///t?        (property) {.among (a class of items)].
Pavurotti is best, naturally.
Note that the words í^líň and t?-o % are not used in statements of comparison among three or more items. Normal question words like JISTU, ~čii, and ÍT are used instead.1
WtM   adjective/noun + CD
When a noun follows an adjective, and when it is clear what you are referring to, you can replace the noun with the pronoun ©, "one." You can use <?) to avoid repetition.
*,n    (*, l **•   — t
/ hare a black sweater. I have a red one, too.
/ řiť/// /o buy mi inexpensive dictionary, but there were no good ones.
IVadjective ,		U-adjective ,
+ noun	-»	+ CD
it-adjective		t£-adjective
Similarly, a noun following another noun can be reduced. Here, a sequence of the form "noun, co noun," will be reduced to "noun, ?>." You simply omit the second noun.
Is this Sue's bag? No, that is Mary's_.
American ice cream is more delicious than Japanese one. noun, 0) noun, ->      noun, CD_
The tendency is to use f H when a list of items is presented, and to use fl when a group is referred to collectively. Compare:
Which do you like best, apples, tangerines, or cherries?
!!'/(«/ /'r«;7 f/y yew /;«?r.3
*^ t ') follows verbs in the present tense short forms to describe what a person is planning to do in the future. You can also use a verb in the negative plus 1 to describe what you are planning not to do, or what you do not intend to do.
---—.- -,
verb (present, short) + z>^ 0 tz (I) intend to do . . .
/ intend to play tennis with Takeshi this weekend.
Professor Yamasliita does not intend to come to school tomorrow,
11> /<rrp planning to visit a temple, but we didn't, because the weather was not good.
4      adjective +
The verb & 6 means "to become." indicating a change. & 5 follows nouns and both types of adjectives.
U-adjectives:  StfU     ■>  Bfto become warm/warmer ^-adjectives: ->   flÄMC^-S       to become quiet/quieter
nouns: 2s£tli      ->   2x£tilt&-5    to become a company employee
I- IIA  " t.Ti
Studying the Japanese language is fun now (though it was like torture before).
a $4tOJEfcJl4*$ s --k% 9* L fei
/ have grown fond of studying the Japanese language.
With ^-adjectives, the final v ^ is dropped and < is added, as in their negative conjugations. A common mistake is to expand the pattern of ^-adjectives and nouns and use \-with l ^-adjectives. It is wrong to say, for example. XtA'^Ui $,
When an adjective is used with & o, a question arises whether the sentence describes an absolute change (ex. "it has become warm, hence it is not cold any longer") or a relative change (ex. "it has become warmer, but it is still cold"). & Z> sentences are ambiguous in
isolation. If you want to make clear that you are talking in relative terms, you can use the pattern for comparison together with & 5 .
Mary has become better in Japanese than before.
In Lesson 8 we learned the Japanese expressions for "something" and "not.. . anything," fT^* and H t. As you must have noticed, these expressions are made up of the question word for things, plus particles and I. Other expressions for "some" and "any" in Japanese follow this pattern. Thus.
some tiling f5!^
not anything  *Pl_&
someone t£t\S&*_ not anyone fz'il
somewhere t?Z.fi* not anywhere   ¥ Z. t
As we noted in Lesson 8. these words are used by themselves, where particles (i, or k would be expected. It is. then, interesting to observe how these expressions interact with other particles, such as *S and X'. These particles appear in the places shown with underscores above. Let us look at some examples.
Did you go anytvhere? Did you see anybody?
Wr L i L fzt>.
Did you do anything?
Xo, I didn't go anywhere. No, I didn't see anybody.
vh^4 fit L Ifclt    L fe%
Aro, / didn't do anything.
You can use the particle V with nouns (hat describe I he means of [ransporlalion rind (he instruments you use.
--_ t
H^ftaLi Ll1o
IIV      ewr weak iviUi chopsticks. Let's talk in Japanese. I went to the station by bus. I suit? a movie on TV.
\mi%j-	-h	Expression   Notes (1Q)
		
^fut^FffetfJfltf&D^Ttf......► We sometimes use & and It if at the
end of a sentence when we want our partners to treat what we have just said as a given, common ground to build upon. These words often indicate the speaker's intention to give her partner a chance to react and speak up. By relegating the right to speak to one's partner, they also contribute to the politeness of one's utterance.
In the dialogue, the travel agent lays out the relevant information on the table: there are two flights, one leaving in the morning and another in the afternoon. attached to her sentence indicates that she wants to build upon, and move forward with, these pieces of information. Instead of asking the obvious question, namely. o jSHHiT*!"!^. the agent chooses not to finish her sentence, and lets her customer come forward with an answer immediately.
Leo
Practice
A. Look at the pictures below and answer the following questions, fjij
Example:   Q : 't-f Z £t> h <n\l 9 *^f«%
Picture (a)
1. lT-f-£'<X£ £h^<o\ln 4*£v"*T'ft% Picture (b)
(a)
= b#fa1 ¥12,000
¥10,000
Aj|M ¥8,000
3fc
Picture (c)
8. vL ffl 3 /v E (fri 3 /v E E" o £ (?) (J 3 a^^f&v, MTf
<-A Mi-
(b)
,200^A
2 All/.
to*
B. Pair Work—Make questions using the following cues and ask your partner. When you answer the questions, add reasons for your answers, if possible.
Example: C#$)
-   A : t%%(WM*l)&&tt^tS
A : IM L X X'i~fi\, B : &{N$#W I^^jWn
i. tL/:Ob U>) o. b rM 7 (Germany)
l> (IX,      (51 i4&
8. ya7'l7x^7^-/X;o-> (JR****")
9. V 4 ^ >U • ">* ^77 K > t (fc       o)
10. m^m w$)
ii 4     h > +
11. a ^c7)^/&£ /•-<?)E?)-^ C^s.****)
12. B^cD^/fr^fzCOmcD'jL^ (*:J:or£U0
A. Look at the pictures on the previous page and answer the questions below.
Example:   Q ! ZGfr%  >1*hti^^lZA,^<~fti\
Picture (a)
2. irn*?^tt^*^*ci-*»o
Picture (b) Picture (c)
5. 2 ^#T\ tf/v1f      v% f1&:
fi. -to^X",
B. Answer the following questions.
Example:   ^^^/^ ^
titJ*##:! 3i-ifS4/#-l
4. a^nm/5. S 6. M/«S
*'<*■ ft*- ft
C. Group Work—Make a group of three or four people. Ask each other questions and make as many superlative sentences as possible about the group.
Example: A S $Jft* % tiMMfr-V&f*
B ^ A ^ ^ (IX1^*        1"0
D. Class Activity—First form pairs and make comparative and superlative question sentences with your partner. (You should know the answers.) Then ask questions to the class. The rest of the class answer the questions.
Example: E aWB*i * r H Z't> h <0 [I 7
B. You are a customer. LooK at the picture
and tell which you want.
!! I
Example:
Store attendant i
Customer
(1)
tap
U" i.
9C I i
*«• hti §t> AL*-
(5) g*fcV®^*^**vn^*č^ifr\
*
A. You are planning to do/not to do the following things next week. Tell what you will/will not do using ~t3fcQ"CT. @
Example:	lf-?JH V      tí A 2	
	Ex. to read books	(1) to practice the piano
	(2) to do exercises	
	(3) to do laundry	
t C Jtl BP	(1) to u rite letters to friends	(5) not to Ko out
	(6) to eat dinner with friends	(7) not to study Japanese
	(8) to stay at a friend's	(9) not to go home
a BS s	(10) to clean a room	(11) not to get up early
201  ►SIS-XSSI
B. Answer the following questions.
Example:   Q $ feff#A££F * i HhK
1. ^UC^ftLitK
A. Describe the following pictures. Q)
Example: —    ^ ftv     & ') I L fe,
Ex. ittV* (1)
(5) (6) #Vi (7) »1
(8) g£
(10)
10
-!-1-1-1-1-1—
SI =¥110 -> SJ. -\ 150
Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms.
1. W% &ltzfrh, _4' IHf:,
1___1 £ltz»
i. m 0 c r / £ Sit 33 I -t o 3 a> ,
7. fU^^f^Vrb.
til t
& >| £ I tz;
Look at each picture and explain how to get to and from one place to another.
Example:   1 %    h    t t @ & * 'C'if I 1 #9
10 min.
"7
* -
1 hour
□ o
□ □ d 0 0 0
□ p □
5 %
t* L <•
(1)
40 min.
©
ID
it,
(1)
30 min. ~a_2-,
LULL ^
(2)
20 min.
EE
o d o n 0 □ □  o 0
15 min.
X
□ a
a o a d »JJ]0
G
7- /*■
(6) (7) (8)
I   r 9 lis i: II/.
B. Use the same pictures and describe how long it takes.
Example:   I |i1 bKI W#
C. Explain how you get from your house to school.
Example:   HA^ftRi tlft^'C'itJ i tu "I*
A. The chart below shows winter vacation plans for Mary and her friends. First answer the following questions about Mary!s plan.
Mary	will so to Korea with Sue	by plane	3 weeks	will stay at Sue's house	will do shopping and eat Korean foods
Robert	will go back to London	by plane	2 weeks		will meet friends
Ken	will go to Tokyo with a friend	by bullet train	3 days	will stay at a hotel	will play at Tokyo Disneyland
Tom	will go to the south pole(*MS)	bv boat	2 months	doesn't know	will take pictures with penguins (^0%'>)
Takeshi	will go nowhere				
zel -i.'&^-r
3. WB $b\ift&Ě
4. gzimt o
How about the others' plans? Make pairs and ask questions.
B. Pair Work—Talk about your plans for the upcoming vacation.
C. Role Play—One of you works for a travel agency and the other is a customer. Using Dialogue I as a model, make reservations for the following tickets.
(1) From Xagoya to Los Angeles	Jan. 1	1 person	smoking sear
(2) From Tokyo to Paris	Feb. 14	1 person	window seal
(3) From Osaka to Rome	Apr. 18	2 persons	aisle scats
(1) From Tokyo to Bangkok	Aug. 20	4 persons	nonsmoking seats
smoking seat - %M ft aisle seat = HJMty
window seat = %ffl'J?)$       nonsmoking scat * |H&$
1 gt'h >/li4.*!>
At   the Station
Types of Trains
& ft
Destination
-4f »
Ii i ft k,
local
express super express
bound for . . . -Serving . . . areas
Types of Tickets and Seats
ftJfL$-(boarding) ticket
\hJ£X#---coupons
- commuter's pass
!£5f ^ -vouchers; zone tickets
<-r$'J-student discount
fn'^Lffi —reserved seat
^ general admission seat
-nonsmoking car
round trip Jt 31-one way
Places in Stations
HP
sc+L-
track number . . . ticket vending area gate
platform kiosk
AD
exit
entrance stairs
first car: front end last car; tail end
Miscellaneous Public Transportation Terms
& U WLM--transfer
-next (stop), . . .
ifcjfc---departing first
-departing second
ffc'fy-last train
Announcements
I | (jj <        L i ~T-We will be leaving soon.
'] i -f- A train is arriving.
;Xa~Cjh | ') Or -Next (we'll stop at) . . .
K T **f5fl J lit:  -< tz^\"-The doors arc closing. Please be careful.
Useful Expressions
3 mMt&fte$91 I:ib I ') it^'0-      Does this train stop at Akihabara?
|IMtttff>l'W^K What time is the last train?
jR* t » L I 1"0—One reserved ticket to Tokyo, please.
$$)d*4llit I ~t^"0-Can I get a student discount?
jj * i
A : m$flT$G%te€MiWi
Which one is the train bound for Kamakura?
B : -#&-C1-0
7>r/rA' number two.