210 ►SŠž-XjžI l^ll^i L Ě Š Š (T~ Pf-faCD&Či After the Vacation N š IS Dialogue Michiko and Mary meet after the vacation. 2 y r 'j - 3 5 /ľ'J- 6 Ä % Z. '. 7 © © t •__. , 2 V 3 ✓ 3 Ä*>w 4 S? 3 > 6 X 3 > 2 torta L T = t**&-1ŕ #H TG¥T > xx~fr_ itH^ot, iítWftlt^ti* k%z $A,&€Z9>m4lX*tiF« ft & Z 4 9 U 3 > © Michiko: Mary, I ha\en't seen \ou for a long lime. How was your vacation? Mary: It was really fun. I went shopping, ate Korean dishes, and things like that in Korea. Michiko: Sounds good. I want to travel, too. Mary: Did you have a fun vacation. Michiko? Michiko: It was okay. I went for a drive just for one da>, but I was working part-lime every day. Mary: Michiko. I want to introduce you to a friend of mine. This is John. lie came to Japan lasi month. John: How do you do? Michiko: How do you do? Nice to meet you. Mirhikn: John, where are you from? John: I am from Cairns. Australia. Michiko: Is that so. John: Have you been to Cairns? Michiko: No, I haven"i. John: It has mountains and the ocean and is a beautiful place. It's famous for the Great Barrier Reef. Where are you from. Michiko? Michiko: I am from Nagano. Please come to visit me sometime. The food is good, too. John: By all means. I would love to. fcA, PP V o cab u 1 a r y Nouns Australia snack: sweets & L % 1|*9 \e\v Year's & £ 2 0 E boy toy & /u a $ s girl ***< : < foreign country L p singer # -V > 7= camp • - % $j this person (polite) I 1 this semester president of a company u » f 11 class future drive beer art museum host family Afi ft 1 lake * <>£ a, mountain i dream n,-A/~ h roommate {/-verbs | | §40 < to tell a lie to become hungry Ml i to own (a pet) to cut classes W h to take la clas^): to get (a grade) to learn to climb iplace it) l±tz ^ < to work - Words that appear in the dialogue id mi ism r Ru-verbs ro set tired $ to quit Irregular Verbs It/I to have a fight: to quarrel * L i 1 iNMF

attached to a verb slightly affects the composition of the sentence. A verb that takes the particle a: can have either the particle £ or A* when it is followed by \ Particles other than * remain the same. The combination of a verb and tz<^ conjugates as an ^-adjective. Here are examples of negative and past tense 7c »-> sentences. I don't want to see that person any more. / went to a department store, because I wanted to buy a sweater. If your wish is one you have entertained for some time, that is, if you "have wanted to," you can use /:^i:,So-C^it instead of tz\>"Cf\ tz d *X"t sentences are not usually used to describe wishes held by others. Somebody else's wishes are usually reported in Japanese either as quotations, observations, or guesses. To quote somebody, saying that she wants to do something, you can use CtnX w£ L tz with fev\ Mary said she /ranted to go to the bathroom. To describe your observation to the effect that somebody wants to do something, you must use a special verb instead of tz^^. If a verb take? the particle £. the derived verb fe^^llvvj will retain the (, unlike fz^\ with which we had a choice between the particles ¥ and £ . /7']-?/Jia-h -j£ Sfc * tz ^t^lt. (It seems) Mary wants to drink coffee. The verb tzt{r> X \* 2. which comes from the dictionary form tzh^, indicates "I think that she wants to. because of the way she is behaving." We will have more to say about I his type of sentence in Lesson 14. / uant to . . . /Do you ivant to ... ? • verb stem + fcU'ClT • fcU conjugates as an U-adjective • fy or & They want to . . . • verb stem + fc^oTl^lT • tzft£> conjugates as an u-verb • % only You already know that you can connect two clauses with the fc-form of predicates, as in: In Osaka, I will do some shopping and eat Korea)! food. This sentence, however, tends to suggest thai shopping and dining are the only activities you plan to perform in Osaka. If you want to avoid such implications and want to mention activities or events just as exemplars, thus leaving room for other things which are left unsaid, you can use a special predicate form — tz ') ~ tz ') i" £. ±i€x-*R^w£itztK mmtmzt^tz*) tit. In Osaka, I will do such things as shopping and eating Korean dishes. (activity A) tzD (activity B) /cDT-S do such things as A and B To get the tz ') form of a predicate, you just add ') to the past tense short form of a predicate. (Thus we have I tz ') for the verb i'Z>, whose past tense is L tz, and i£-~ sentence into the 216 past tense, or incorporate it in a bister sentence, by working on the helping verb part. 7 studied and talked with my friends, among other tilings, over the weekend. 7 //Ay- dancing, listening to music, and so forth. The past tense short form of a verb + C describes that you did something, or something happened, in earlier times. 7/^> have the experience of . . . noun A noun B ^ connects two nouns, as does £. ^ suggests that the things referred to are proposed as examples, and thai you arc not citing an exhaustive list. A B 1 and B, for example / went to Kyoto and Xura (for example, and may have visited other places as well). mm;—h OJ;-3) if A, Expression Notes (i in negative sentences^ In negative sentences, you often find the panicle ii where you expect 0 or Observe the reply sentences in the following dialogues: Q : lUT&^.&t 1/ Do you watch TV, Prof. Yamashita? A : tv \z\iM.t.%k, A"e>. 1 don't. Q : 3*-t — 1)i%?i>tz^-£'tfy-_ Do you want to hate u cup of coffee? % and A\ respectively, would nor he ungrammatical in the above examples. Many Japanese speakers, however, find the li versions more natural. The rule of thumb is that negative Japanese sentences tend to contain at least one li phrase. If von add %lt to the sentences above, therefore, the need for li is already fulfilled, and Japanese speakers feel much less compelled to use (± after t v fc* and rr — t —. li may also follow particles like T'and iz. $iil\~Z' ti\n\ L fz < h :; t I don't want to speak in English. lK,%(-lih'->fz Z hfi*h !) / have never been to Hiroshima. Aftt^ Vou can add tzli to numbers to talk about having just that many items, fzlj implies that yon have something up to the amount needed, but not more than that. fcli*■/ wif Question. Hi££t?&i Lfc0 / sfepr for jusi thirty minutes. fiit suggests that you can live with that few, though the number admittedly could have been higher. We will learn another word in Lesson 14, namely, L^1. which means "only" in the sense that you do not have enough of. [C^ You can use the particle iz to indicate the occasion on which you do something. ft r it A, IZ -r ¥ £ fti t L tc» 1 ate salad at dinner. !^ can also indicate the role you want something to play. — A it a** «> / bought a postcard ma souvenir. K"3"( Zf^ K9 4 ~7 is used when you go somewhere by car for pleasure. To say "to have a drive" or "to go for a drive.'* use K 7 -i "/t-ff < or K7-f 7 i ltf'71'7' iZ if I.H/:/H7^7'UU: A-f-V*. 1. / went for a drive to the lake. When you simply want to say "to drive a ear" (not necessarily for pleasure), use M>te'f% instead. Hare you ever driven a car in Japan? like the Endish word "dream." has two meanings. One is the dream you have while sleeping: the others the dream that you wish would come true. To say "I have a dream," in Japanese, you use the verb M£ for sleeping dreams, and or h%> for your visions. M :!>'P*;$lt L tz: I had a scary dream Inst night. 1 £ft -j X \ $>i)£-t- I have a dream. fots.tzO)\"i ^o')^-\tnX"tipz What is roar fa tare dream? IC f"± ► The particle i.i often follows the particle (w in sentences describing a place in terms of the things that are found there. tMhilZl±k$^t'<~ h#fc < *A&<; if. M Si ^-iiu There are lots of big department stores i_n_ Tokyo. IT> //tf/r i pNftrf Japanese teacher iji my college. These sentences would be okay without (i, but there is a subtle difference between the versions with and without It. The \i sentences are about the places: they answer questions (either explicitly asked, or implicit) like "Wtatf is Tokyo like?" The >t'ULence> without (i after iZ. on the other hand, are answers to a question like "Where do you find good teachers of Japanese?" See the grammar note discussing the difference between and It in Lesson 8. In the case of the particle (Z. the contrast is between the simple iZ and the combination I- !£. (Sec also the grammar note on counting people in Lesson 7.) 1 tl r Practice A. Change the following phrases into sentences. Example: jf— § |t*< -5 5. *& HH tf—iNHCA C. Change the following phrases into sentences in the past tense, djjfll Example: 3. fi8lSi:\5 0^;t) 1. &NH Cti^) 5. C**^#J 6. (uv^) 9. fLfafeiM (Hv>) 10. f|t:$l ((i^) Pair Work^Ask if your partner wanted to do the things above during their childhood. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions and report the answers as in the example. Example: A : (t & $ L lifTi^f: ^tt^ - A : It L % ^ l| h; If ^^fot^t L f;„ I f A 5 /v (| h; f & |p< fc*1 o t W 5 f s i. £ fi; ax ft n ft v i x~r 7. < A ') f Additional Vocabulary *■/,:'.;. (fill*?) ^:'L (Mi) 31 (Occupations) writer police officer actor/actress nurse lawyer baseball player president of a country L * J. l?£iH ClM) journalist housewife actress firefighter I11S4 (221) F. Complete the following sentences. 3. tiLiihfrh,_______tz < £ ') i •3d- ; ^; i ei ' 0 M tt U D x ;5fe ■ U fc 01/ £ T A. Tell what the following people did on the weekend using — fc D~fcD^-S. If) Example: # a >: saw temples in Kyoto, went to a museum, etc. 1. ^:(tL: went camping, went for a drive, etc. 2. made sweets, read books at home. etc. 3. x—: went to Osaka to have fun. went to eat, etc. 4. \1A,: cleaned his room, did laundry, etc. 5. n/<— h: met friends, waiched videos, etc. G. liiTvt'K: went to a hot spring, rested, etc. B. Look at the pictures and make your own sentences using — fcD~fcD"3~-&. 222 C. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. When you answer, use —tzO—TzO^^ as in the example. Example: A B B^con^it^fz'K t + di (Mt. Fuji) I'&vttl tftl^tti S. & & /c m Ii ^ iE a Ufr * L 5 f$% 7. 7 vXtfl* L-Cfi^ttä^/v^^ 9. H^t^^fK"t^/H^ft^ A. The following are what John has or hasn't done. Make the sentences using Example: C eat tempura X go to Tokyo 1. O eat sushi 3. 0 work at a restaurant 5. X write love letters 7. 0 climb Mt. Fuji 9. x see Japanese movies 2. C study French 4. x go to Hiroshima 6. _ sleep in class 8. x drive a car in Japan B. Pair Work—Make questions using ~Z and ask your partner. Example: B ti ;S & ft B : Uw h f) %% A : ifitLf:£s mum* 223 1. X-y r|fl 5. ^7^rl'-fT< 9. f #1N>;:< 13. |£»/flr^4*# 14. g#t-as in the example. Example: A : ZA,&M4&NK1t-X < W^M^'te* l 8. (actors) |^Wl;tt^ 9. 1 nAi u**5 A. Talk about your dream for the future or what it was when you were a child Example: % lz % »] ft ^ff, fit, ^ ^> ^ ^ & m l-ff Example: fi^W^, fc# $ fc** £ *H". B. Class Activity—Find someone who . . . 1 • has seen celebrities 2. has never used chopsticks 3. wants to live in Japan in the future 4. wanted to be a star {X9 —) as a child o- wants to cut classes tomorrow 6. doesn't want to go out toda\ C. Class Activity—Bring pictures of your hometown and describe it Example: MB l»oL/C tit; ^n^^iMS^'T-g tr^lt^/= < (theater) 1 I f, 1 < Ji - v it )V £ JL/b fK ^ffl-Cfe^ LH fco K11IM In the J a pane s e CI ass Useful Expressions Li S Both are fine. -Same thing. -More or less the same. A little different. -Can't use it. - It's wrong. Raise your hand. -Read it before coming to class. Hand in the homework. - Close the textbook. t 0 WA|:M^"C < ? \--Ask the person sitting next to you. ^sb X < /:?^0— -The time is up. Please stop. ^ B ti ZtlX'l&fr f) 3 i'0--That's it for today. Useful Vocabulary -— homework I^JhJt ') -deadline exercise - meaning ft L 1 pronunciation grammar question ■ answer -example ( ) ~0 (correct) X (wrong) < tziltzt^JT 5 Of IM »P 9fl ■—-eollocjuial expression — bookish expression "O^fa^C'"!'^'^---polite expression - dialect -standard Japanese tzK X. ti*-for example [Jji'II—- anything else — number . . . —-page number . . . - line number . . . two people each —<- Zjr a 5l1 If!