132) ►£Sg.X£» E S N ^)^!^ Family Picture Dialogue 151 Sue is showing a picture of her family to her roommate, Michiko. 6 x - : siy^T?* i&^wJ WHii-f, /N>-f Artfau am it * r <, ii ^v^;M:f±A,ToJE1\ 14 Ti, ti^ &to£^#f*^ 15 x — : § it, 1 < *fflhlw A phone rings in Sue and Michiko's room. m7~m< 133 6 p h : ti ^ /v a Michiko: is this your famil.v picture. Sue? Sue: Yes. Michiko: Which is you? Sue: This. I was wearing glnssses \\hen I was in high school. Michiko: You are cute. Sue: This is my father. He works for an American company. Michiko: He is rah and handsome. Is this your elder msti1!-? Sue: Yes. M> sister is married. She lives in Seoul now. She has one child. He is three years old. Michiko: I see. Oh. there is a cat. But he is a little fat. Sue: Yes. because he eats a lot. Robert: Michiko. what are you doing now? Michiko: I'm nut doing anything especially. I am looking at Sue's pictures. Robert: I see. 1 have an interesting video, so if you like, would you like to come to see it? Michiko: That sound* good. Is it all right if Sue comes with me? Robert: Of course. Michiko: We'll come right now. PP V o c a b u I a r y Nouns (my) older sister ta- | apartment younger sister 1 tz song # t $ e # younger brother man older brother older sister woman company M family haii- brothers and sisters < i- i countr\; place of origin < 11 * car 3 > tf— convenience store L J < PI ** cafeteria; dining commons » (my) father # *_ t-shirt eye Hi glasses U - a d j e t 1 i v e s Mr J bright; smart; clever (conjugates like great-looking (conjugates like V ^\) cute tall short (stature) long fast short (length) - Words that appear in ths dialogue ^■adjectives (/-verbs t £ y - v e r b s Irregular Verb kind convenient to sing to put on (a hat) to get to know I know I do not know to live tW^Nr^trfl to pot on (items below your waist) to gain weight to be on the heavy side to put on (glasses) to put on (clothes above your waist) [ID work for to lose weight to be thin iiti ro get married (~ £) dverbs an d Other Expressions bat & I - t + negative Hi nol . . . anything 1 counter for people] —A one person a. tz i — A two people •<0 \Z + negative not ... in particular of course if you like £ Grammar A verbal "fc-form." when followed by the helping verb means either of the following;1 (a) an action in progress, or (h) a past event that is connected icith the present. Which of these two senses a given verb is used in is to a large extent determined by the semantic characteristics of the verb. The verbs we have learned so far can be roughly divided into three groups based on their semantics. (1) verbs that describe continuous states (2) verbs that describe activities that last for some time (3) verbs that describe changes that are more or less instantaneous We have not seen many Group 1 verbs. So far we only have h Z> and The te-forms of Lhese verbs are never used together with the helping verb \ > Z>. so we will have nothing to say about them in this section. Many verbs belong to Group 2. They include verbs such as ^^5, l?cC. and ft-3. When the fc-form of a verb in this group is followed by the helping verb ^ 3, we have a sentence describing an action in progress. X - 3 ^ \t $~f&& Ltw|f« Sue is studying right note. fz 11 L ^ L ii^ IS n ^ £ K K X\ * I i~ = Takeshi is reading g book in English. You can also use a ~ *C ^ it ~t sentence to describe what a person does by occupation. The first example below therefore has two interpretations: one, you arc teaching English right at this moment; and two, you are an English language teacher (but are not necessarily in class right now). 1The distinction between l and h v that we learned in Lesson 4 does not apply to this helping verb ~"C\^£: you can use i >•» both for living thing? and for inanimate objects. *ar*h, * c fi L I teach English. I am teaching English (right now). / r ]j - 5 l :i s *m r l ^ $ i\ Mary studies .Japanese. Mary is studying Japanese (right now). Verbs in Group 3 describe changes from one state to another. If you get married, or "f $, for example, your status changes from being single to being married. With these verbs. CV>-5 indicates a past occurrence of a change which has retained its significance until the present moment. In other words, 0^5 describes the result of a change.3 JjT$fc±!iM$&l"C^j;"fo Professor Yamashita is married* &%Z WJL,&4>4tiTfUta;tVMichiko is seated near the window. Here are some more examples of verbs that are commonly used in the frame-work. (has) Sue lias a lot of money. (knows) Professor Yamashita knows English. (is overweight) Tom is a little overweight. (is thin) .1/y younger brother is very thin. "Among the verbs we have learned so far, verbs such as fe^ £, ff < , 'If 3, tb^M-f^, ft*, ft ') 5. 0 -5. ft^t < 5. *4Vt < fc, SMTiU #5 belong to Group 3. In most eases you can determine whether a verb belongs to Group 2 or 3 by checking if the verb allows for a phrase describing duration, such as — Compare, for example, (i b n — ^fWl^*Irc-^i L/;« / rpffrf « 6o«/r /isr fajKf yesterday. X ft. ii—b| |V1 Jfcl- i if.- (I ngrammatical. much as the English translation '"1 died for an hour" which is also odd.) lxL' thus belongs to Group 2. and ?t<£i to Group 3. 3In Lesson 9, we will observe that this result of a change reading is actually not restricted to verbs in (iroup 3, but can be associated with ihose in Group 2 in certain contexts. *.\ote thai the sentence does not mean Professor Yamashita is gelling married. 0 (wears) Mary is wearing/wears a T-shirt. (is awake) Dad is up and awake. ** SUM?**! $itm^mMUM^^§^ (lives in) My father and mother live in Tokyo. ot: f>/;i **» is ux. i-i>L<- (works for) My older sister works for a Japanese company. Nflftfi that verbs like 'if < and It4 belong to this group. Thus ftotv^ and fc"C>;** indicate the current states that result from prior movements, not movements that are currently in progress. You may want to be careful with what the following sentences mean. + SI I-fro "C^i i"0 Somebody has gone talis in China. Not: She is going to China. 7 £>!l^."Cv^-^"0 Somebody has come over to visit. Not: Somebody is coming over. Finally, a note on conjugation. The helping verb conjugates as a r«-verb. Thus we have long forms as in the following example. t - present past affirmative & - He is eating. He was eating. negative t - He is not eating. & —1- noJ eating. 1?3> 1S.1t To describe somebody who has long hair, one could say Tom's hair is long. Hut in fact it would be far more natural in Japanese to sa\: Tom has long hair. (~As for Tom, he has long hair.) '[his applies not only to discussions of the length of one's hair, but to descriptions of a person's physical attributes in general. 3 Jfi In idiomatic collocations, we also have: Person A has a body pari ivhich is MM is- « bright smart Te-forms for Joining Sentences In the last lesson, we discussed the use of verbal te-forms to join sentences, n-and fS-adjectives and "Ci~ after nouns also have te-forms, which can be used to combine two elements to form longer sentences. The fa-form of an \ ^-adjecth e is formed by substituting < X for the final l >. The te-form of a &-adjective and a noun X'i' sequence is formed by adding X" to the base or the noun. LVadjectives: mm -» 5 mííí a* i« nV/c;/ / /iv/.s- a cAi'W, / 6»/7c;/ played with friends. You mast not play around until late. I irent to Tokyo to have fun last ice eke ud. Please come and see us. Xoie that "to play" as used be^v requires different words. Sports: to play tennis t—3.*rŤ£ to play basketball *r y Y ž~Ť% Games: to play video games ŤV — to play cards hv> S/%J"j5 .Music instruments: to play the guitar ¥9 — < ® SS § Practice rih, is® 5 at A. Look at the pictures below and answer the questions. [fl Example: Q : l±ffi Ht^i tUb B. Pair Work—What were you doing at the following times yesterday? Be as specific as possible (where, with whom, and so on). Example: 2 p.m. 1. | a.m. 5. 6 p.m. 2. 8 a.m. 6. 8 p.m. $» m a.m. 7. 11 p.m. 1. 12:30 p.m. rnim* C. Class Activity—Let's play charades. The teacher gives a sentence card to each student. One of the students mimes the sentence. All other students guess what the person is doing and raise their hands when they recognize the action. The person that gets the most points is the winner. Example: § Lil ft 1H* S i*. £5 i A. This is Sue's family. Answer the following questions. N Example: □ ' ISJCf A4£ C - PK& 11»I $m 1. fc*t$X,ii£"C l2#&#Vv| f 3. IHMirfUifff Lit 7. ^X^/uUHt-C-t^1, 2. %$&&Tjy&iZ&&m?&tfr< 9. j^9iCliB*&£iM::JfeJfrXl*i'f4*« Father li\ es in X.Y. works for an American company 48 years old Mother high school teacher 15 years old Sister lives in Seoul works for a bank; married 27 years old Brother lives in London student; not married 18 years old B. Pair Work—Ask about your partner's family and fill in the blanks below. 144 i' llJffl^/uli'PttrnS'J" (Describing People) A. Look at the picture and answer the questions. (^T Example: Q ! d,lB | /v (i^-tr % H1 f *K 9. *PSJlia^V*Tir"#% 1 L*-« t3 B. Look at the picture below and describe each person. Example: #£V I /v «11 -7 L. £ A \ II -p $ I* * f „ C. Class Activity—One student describes another student without mentioning the name. The rest of the class guesses who the student is. Example: U^S.^X"ta Ty^7Ht^ito " > #t ti v % t v* £ #4* mim* A. Make sentences using two adjectives. (^1 Example: — #H^/**U*tt ^(i#l (roommate) Lftto & c> ;u - A / - h tiffin -Ci"**, 1. my hometown 2. my country 3. my Japanese class 4. one of my family members 5. Japanese people 6. people of my country ■ tise -scam X.U tf di l\ A. Sue is going to the following places to do the things below. Make sentences like the example, (jj Example: ~ t>*^$ (Kabuki) fcill 1. LL 2. [*!'#§? 3. « 4. fpft^ 5. 7. «1 i *í 8. f-*/>r- h 9. 10. «^ ŕ* tu* B. For what purpose would you go to the following places? 2. 3. B#*r 4. it C ň. ŕ) t-r. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. Example: A : 2«o£pg|:*<7)A i&**JA v. > i t«\-B : jiA^i fi I 17 1. ZW4pf U^A^fTA^äi-* 2. (nationality) 4. :^Ii:?t^um^^^ A. Answer the following questions. £ 5 l: IIA r I B. Class Activity—Show a picture of your family to the class and describe it. Parts of t he Body mim-t [F a m i I y I. Someone Else's Family II. Own Family A: Formal Situation B: Informal Situation - 1 Father 8 ft Mother 4 MM Ml Older brother * Older sister *>*> \ ounger brother Younger sister Husband *(See below,) Wife "(See below.) Grandfather ax Grandmother i IX Child 'Depending: on each person, several words are used for spouses, e.g., for husband. tiL tc, n fe«A, and for wife, "7 'f 7, A-AU, and so on. I * * A : ffl**/,,tfDfc5t^ EJIf J| T"*f i>\ Bm old is your father, Mr. Tanakd? B : I formal] X[iA + A"C"to My fa^er $ SB years old. I informal I £ 4^4+ i HV/eyc rfo« raw;- 0&ftr brother live, Mr. Tanaka? B : | formal J £I 2 IL I? I - & 4 "fi * * I 1". il/y oWer 6rcr// I f 0 Note that you can use £ ft^ ^ and 5 ^ when you talk to your older brothers and sisters. The younger brothers and sisters are called by their names. Younger brother: U 51 £ /v0 Hi, Big Brother. Older brother: fa ? tzhl , What is it, Taro?