1.8 llpupoiiibie pecypcbi 2 I I pupo U11,1 ľ 30HW POCCHH He;ipa Pocchh HdonoMHTejibHO ĎoraTbi nojie3HbiMn ncKonaeMbiMM. KpynHeiiiiJMe MecTopoxjieHHa mi<]>i n m ra3a HaxoAflTca Ha ceBepe 3ana^HOH CnÔMpn n b Boji ro-Ypajibc kom öacceÜHe. MeHee 6oraTbi He(pTa-Hbie MecTopo>k.neHMfl paBHHH CeßepHoro KaBKa3a m ocrpoBa CaxajiHH. KaMemibiii yroju. jj,o6biBaioT: b eBponeňcKoň MacTM Pocchh b fknopcKOM (pafloH BopKyTbi) h JJohcukom (PocTOBCKaa oôJiacTb) ôacceňHax, a b Chôhph b Ky3HeuKOM 6acceŕÍHe (Ky36acc), a TaKxe b KaHCKO-AiiMHCKOM, K)>kho-flKyrcKOM h Äpyrnx ôacceňHax, pacnojio»ceHHbix b cjia6o3acejieHHbix paňo-Hax. EypueyrjiH jjoöbiBaiOT b FIo^mockobhom ĎacceŕÍHe. B cTpane HMeioTca TaioKe ôojibujHe 3anacbi iop(pa h lopio-mx cjiaimcB. *ejie3Hyio pyay jioubiBaioT b KypcKoŕi MamHTHOíi aHOMarmn, na KojibCKOM no/iyocTpoBe, Ha MecTopoxaeHHax Ypajia h Bjjojib peKH AHrapw. I Ihkc. ichmmh p\ in\iu 6oraTKojibCKHH nojiyocTpoB,a no.ihmcia.i.ih'iccmimhpy/jaMH - OKpecT-hoctm HopH^bCKa Ha ceBepe 3ana;iHon Ch6hpm. Ocoôchho öoraTbi pa3Hoo-5pa3HbiMH pyaaMH ropHbie oojwcth. 3jxecb cocpeaoTOMeHbi MecTopo*;jieHMa pyjí UBeTHbix h peAKMx MeTajuiOB: mcom (Ypan, 3a6aHKajibe), cumiiia m i i i i i i k :i (AjiTaíí, ripMM.opcKHH Kpaŕi, CeBepHbiíí KaBKa3), ojiOBa (BocTOMHaa Cn6npb h XíajibHMH Boctok), CbipbH Ana nojiyMeHna anoviiniiia - ôokchtu h HecfrejiM-Hbi (CeBepHbiH Ypaji, KpacHoapcKHň Kpaň). B POCCMH eCTb H MeCTOpO^KiieHHJi 30JIOTa - B BOCTOMHOH CHÔHpH, ílKyTHH, Ha ceBepe AajibHero BocTOKa. Ha Ypajie Haxojj.MTca KpynHoe MecTopo>k\ae-HHe njia i Hiibi. h3 HeMeTajijiHMecKMX nojie3Hbix HCKonaeMbix Ba>KHoe 3HaMe- HHe JJJia 3KOHOMHKH CTpaHbl HMetOT MeCTOpO>KfleHHJI a.lMU joi! b 3anaflHotí flKymM, ana i n i ob Ha KojibCKOM no/iyocTpoBe, ka.niiiin,i\ cojieň b ľloBOJDKbe, KnpoBCKoŕí oôjiacTH, Ha 3anajj,hom cKjiOHe Ypajia. B Hcapax Poccnn pac-nojiaraiOTca Ta oce 3ane>KH i paKaK)mHx ee cTpaH. C oKeaHa Ha MaTepMK HacTynaioT m.iiťi.i apKTM'iecKoro B03flyxa, Heca c coooŕi Mopo3bi, 6ypn, TyMaHbi, ao>kjih i 11 iici'onajibi. li itoAax CeBepHoro JleaoBHToro OKeaHa >KHBeT He MeHee 15 bmjiob pwô. < iiMbiii pacnpocTpaHeHHbiM bmä - canpa, pbiôa, KOTopaa cjiyxHT ochobhum i (ipMOM JUia MOpCKHX n TMU, TOJieHeM H KMT006pa3HblX. B MOpaX BOJJHTCa Tpe- . ha. cejibÄb, MopcKOíí oKyHb h up. B BapeHueBOM Mope, KOTopoe ô^aroaapa < i-iiepoATJiaHTHMecKOMy TeneHnio He 3aMep3aeT, pbiôojioBeuKMe cpjtotmjimm pahoraiOT KpyrjibiH roji. IIa BbicoKMx, HenpMCTynHbix CKajiax ujyMaT «nTMMbn 6a3apbi» - raraHT-■ h ne cKonnma nTHU, KOTopbix 3jj.ecb HacMMTbiBaeTca 6ojiee 20 bhjiob. 3aecb Ml.l M(»KeM BCTpeTHTb p030BbIX MaeK, 6o^bLUHX nOJiapHblX HaeK, TyHJJ,pOBbIX vi oh. Ciojra 3ajieTaioT TaK>Ke HeKOTopwe bm^w KyjiHKOB m rarH. TaraMHM iivx jieioK, KaK nayTMHa, ho coxpaHaeT Tenjio jiymue jiroöoro Mexa. h3 nyxa i.ii u mi.ioT Tenjibie KypTKM h cnajibHbie mcujkh Jina nojiapHMKOB m ajibnn- IIIICTOB. li ceBepHbix h ceBepo-BOCTOMHbix Mopax BoaaTca thd^chm m mop>kh, no iii.naM OpoAXT 6ejibie Me/iBeflH. Jlna cymecTBOBaHMa 6e^bix MeflBefleM Heo6xo- 19 jlHMbi TpM yc^OBMíi: Mope, jibAbi h 6epera. OcHOBHbie «MeflBexiH poflHjibHbie ;iOMa» naxoAflTcn Ha ocTpoBax BpaHre^n, CeBepHoŕi 3e\uin m 3cmjim OpaHua-HocHcpa. ÍLnoBbie caviKM, b otjimmmc ot apyrnx MeflBcueii, b ôspjiora He Jio-waTCH, a Kpyrjibifí roA npoBOflJiT b CTpaHCTBMHx. 3mmom Me,aBe,uii CKoruiaioTCM b rex paňoHax, rae ecTb ywacTKM otkpwtoh BOflbi h r^e ohh MoryT JiOBMTb TiojieHeü - mx o6biMHbiH KopM. Me.a,Be,Ab - npeKpacHbiří njioBeu i nporuibiBaeT OHeHb oojibuine paccTOHHMfl. JleTOM MeflBeflH paccejunoTca no CeBepHOMy Jle^oBHTOMy OKeaHy öojiee paBHoiwepHO, Moryr 3axoAHTb h b paßoH CeßepHoro nojiioca. KpoMe 6e^bix McuBcaeň, y ceßepHbix 6eperoB bcwitch h HacToauiMe BOAHbie XHBOTHbie - TKWieHH, MOp>KM H KOTMKH. OHH >KHBW h HaXOJWT ce6e nponHTaHwe b Bo^e, a Ha cyujy buxo^st TOJibKO b nepnozi poxjieHHfl h BCKapMjiMBaHHa fleTeHbHueri. 2.2 Tyaapa Bao/ib ceßepHOH oupanHbi CTpaHbi, oMbißaeMoü xojioähumm BojjaMH JleiiOBHToro OKeaHa, thatch 30Ha Tynapbi. OHa 3aHHMaeT öojiee 2,5 mjih. km2. C BHfly 3T0 yHbuiaa, HenpHBeraHBaa 3eMjia, rj\e Tpn MeTBepTH rojia napcTByeT 3HMa h AOJirae Mecanbi ajimtca nojiflpHaa HOMb. Jlnujb xojioflHaa jyHa, CKynoH CBeT 3Be3fl m pe^KMe BcnbiwKM cKa304Horo no KpacoTe ceBepuoro cmhhmh 03apaioT b 3T0 BpeMíi 6e3JiecHyio, rojiyio TyH,n,py. Ha jtoh 3CMJ1C npoMep3Lueíí b rjiyÖHHy Ha accatkm h Ha cothm mctpob, pacnyr TOJibKO mxm h ./íMujaŕiHHKH, a K»KHee - HM3Kopocjibie KycTapHMKM, KapjiMKOBbie HBbi, 6epe3bi. Ha npocTopax Tynopu, noKpbiTbix jiMiuariHMKaMn, •lepuHKOü, rojiyöHKofi, oiokboh, nacyTcsi CTa^a o/ieHeň. OjieHinpeKpacHo xoAMT b ynpji>KKe, n,ati rycToe, «npHoe mojioko, oweHb xopouee Ha BKyc Maco. h3 ojieHbeŕi ko>kh hstotobjiíiiot 3aMüjy, o^oKay, oöyBb. Koma HawMHaeTca apxraqecKoe JieTO, Ha cojiHeMHbix MecTax Ha Tenjibix necnaHbix cooHax no ôeperaM 03ep h peK mo>kho yBMAeTb HacTOínune ubct- HMKH. 3ojlOTHCTbIM UBCTOM TOpflT KpynHbie UBeTbl nOJlflpHOrO MaKa, jmotm- kob, o^yBaHMMKOB n KaMHejioMOK. Po30BbiM UBCTOM pacnycKaeTCH MBaH-Maíí. KycoiiK3MM apKTHMecKoro He6a, ynaBiuMMH b TyH^py, KaxcyTca rojiy6bie UBe-Tbi nojiapHon He3a6yflKH. B TyHApe HeT pe3KOM rpaHH, pa3,ae.nHK>meH BecHy n jieTo, n o nepexofle BecHbi KjieTy, ,aa h ot jieTa k occhm mo*ho roBopHTb^Hujb ycjiciiHO. 3a Ha- 11 im it-in M05KHO npHHATb Hciie3HOBeHne cfiera na ôonbweíí m3cth TyHjipw, n m cio KOHeu - nepBbie Mopo3bi m cHeronanbi b KOHue aBrycra. KopeHHoe HacejieHne poccmííckoíí TyHflpu - caaMbi (jionapn), HeHUbi, >\\i mm. KOpHKM h flp. 3tM HapOflbl npOKfle 6bIJlM KOMeBblMM. JleTOM OHM JIO- iiii hi pu6y, 6mjim MopcKoro 3Bepfi, a 3hmoíí yxoflHjTM no^ajibuie ot 6epera m i ivIh. MaTepMKa, b MecTa noTennee - b jiecoTyHflpy c HH3KopocJibiM peflKO-ii i i.i'm, ta KOTopbiM y>Ke HaMHHajiacb Tanra. •I>;iyiia TyHflpbi He 6oraTa mmciiom bmaob >KHBOTHbix. 3aecb >KHByT npoK^e »ceix) ccBepHbie ojichm, 3aŕíubi-6ejiaKM, TyH^poBbie m 6e^bie KyponaTKM. EcTb im-n. n xMiuHMKM, HanpHMep, BOJiKM, necubi, 6e^bie coBbi. 3mmom TyHjipoBbie i iinoiiibie pa3rpe6aK)T CHer m ^oôbiBaioT ce6e KopM - mxm m jiMiiiaMHMKM. Immii u rytuipe ^ojiraa m cypoBaa, a .neTO oMeHb KopoTKoe. BecHa 3jiecb Haery- ..... i npy>KHO, M XHBOTHbie CTapaiOTC« MCn0^b30BaTb KOpOTKOe JieTO. JleTOM .....i.i upMJieTaioT m MHoroMMCJieHHbie nTHUbi. I li-npa TyH^pw OKa3ajiHCb HencMepnaeMoii cokpobmiuhmucm pa3Hoo6pa3-iii.iv (loiaTCTB. TaM Hainan orpoMHbie 3ajie>kh anaTHTa, cjiyxamero cbipbeM IVIH upoM3BOflCTBa ajnoMMHMfl, CTeKJia, KpacoK; KpoMe Toro, HaŕífleHbi >Ke-ii ti i i.io pyübi, HHKejib, Meflb m jip. nojie3Hbie HCKonaeMbie. B boctomhom mím m cBponeMCKOM TyHjipbi, Ha 3anaaHbix cicnoHax Ypajia, 6bm otkput IdipKyiMHCKHM yro^bHbiH 6acceHH. B ch6hpckoíí TyHflpe, Heno^aJieKy ot \i ílu IjiMcen, HaňueHbi BejiMKOJienHbiíí KaMeHHbiM yrojib m pyjibi ueHHbix iiiu-ini.ix MeTajTJiOB; jjajiee b Ch6hpm oTKpbiTbi 3ane>KM cojim m HecpTM, aTaK>Ke luidiia. '3tm npnponHbie ôoraTCTBa ao6biBaioTca Ha pyiiHHKax m nepepafiaTbi-niiimcH na 3aBOflax m oöoraTMTejibHbix cpa6pHKax. 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B HeM mhoto KycrapHMKOB - opeiu- HMKa, 6y3MHbI, OÔBeiiiaHHOM ryCTbIMH rpO3,0bflMH MeJIKHX ÔeJIblX UBeTOMKOB MJIM KpaCHblX aro/j,. a k BOCTOKy OT Ypana He BCTpeTMiiib /xy6a, icneHa m t. n. HaMHHaa c 3a-naAHoíí Cmômpm, Ha boctok TJiHyTca XBOíiHbie Jieca: ejib, nnxTa, cocHa, Keflp, jiMCTBeHHMua, M3 JiMCTBeHHbix nopoji ocTaeTca npeMMymecTBeHHo 6epe3a. To^bKO 6jiH>Ke k TnxoMy OKeaHy mo>kho yBMJjeTb /ínny m Tono^b, ôapxaTHoe /repeBO c npoĎKOBofl Kopoň h aMypcKnŕi /J,y6 b yjonHMTejibHOM co'ieTaHMH c xBoííHbiMM nopoflaMM: Kejj,poM, ejibio, nnxToŕí. B FIpMaMypbe m YccypMHCKOM Kpae CMÖnpcKan Taňra m cyÔTponHKH KHTafl cxojjhtch BnjioTHyio m nepeMeuiMBaiOTca caMbiM npHHyjuíMBbiM 06-pa30M. YrpKDMbie ejin ctoat 3flecb, OKyTaHHbie rpo3flbaMH jjHKoro BMHorpa-m- Ha oflHOM cKJiOHe ropbi pacTeT jiMCTBeHHMua c no/yiecKOM H3 6epe3bi m mnoKBoň b MoxoBOM noKpoBe, a b HecKOJibKMX AecíiTKax MeTpoB, Ha apyroM CKJioHe, - jiMnoBbiM jiec c BMHorpaAOM, naxyMMM >k3cmhhom m ApyrMMM pac-TeHMJiMM, HanoMMHaiomMMM o TponMKax. CMeweHMe ceBepHOií m io)khom npwpoflbi - 3TO ocoôeHHOCTb YccypMMCKoro Kpaa. J1k>/j,m, M3jaaBHa Haceji*iBUJne jieca, b 6ojibiunHCTBe cBoeM 3aHMMajiHCb m 3a- HMMaiOTCfl OXOTHHMbMM npOMblCJlOM. C JJ3BHHX nop pyCCKMe Mexa CJiaBflTCH CBoeŕí KpacoTOM. JleTTpMCTa Ha3a,n nyujHMHa 6buia ocHOBHbiM sKcnopTHbiM TOBapoM Poccmm. HeoöbmatiHO npoMHbiii Mex 6o6pa, cepe6pncT0-iiepnbie, iiepHO-6ypbie m oraeHHo-KpacHbie Jincbi, ujejiKOBHCTbiií Mex co6ojiíi, nenejib-Ho-cepaa 6ejiKa, 30JioTMCTO-KopnHHeBaH KyHnua, Mexa BbiJipbi, eHOTa h no-Hbme BbicoKO ueHJiTCfl Ha mmpobom pbíHKe. B eBponeŕícKOM nacTn 30hh jiecoB boahtch 3aňnbi, jincnubi, jiocm, 6eji- KM, KyHHUbI, XOpbKM, JieTyMMe MblUJM, flHTJIbl, COBbl. TnnMHHblM XHBOTHblM eBponeŕícKoro ujMpoKOJiMCTBeHHoro Jieca HB/iíieTca 3y6p. Oh nnTaeTca pa3- JlMHHblMM TpaBaMM, JIMCTbJIMM, nOlIK3MM, OHeHb JHOÖMT COMHyiO KOpy HCe- Hfl. H3 MejiKMx 3BepbKOB 3TOH 30Hbi xapaKTepHa cohh, no BHeUJHeMy BH.Hy HanoMMHaiomaa 6ejiKy. Cohh o6biimo xmbct b jiynjie Ay6a, 6yKa, opexa, pe>Ke - b HopKe y Kopna jjepeBa. 11<> x03rmh0m ;ieca, 6eccnopHO, ciHTaeTCíi MCOBcnb. l.vpi»iH MeflBeJib - o'ieHb Kpyrmoe >kmbothoc JIjiMHa ero Te^a /jocTOra-•T 2.5 m, a Macca - 450 Kr. OöHTaeT Ha ceBepo-3ana,ue eBponeŕicKoíi MacTH I'm i mi. r npHMopbe, ílKyTHH, ho caMbie 6o^buiHe Me^BejiM BCTpeMaioTca Ha KitM'iaiKe m CaxajiHHe, t.k. MejjBe/ib npeflnoMHTaeTTae>KHbiejieca, ocoôeHHo . n.illlKH. nHTaeTCfl OH KeflpOBbIMM m ĎyKOBbIMH OpexaMH, JJHKHMH CppyK-lilMII. >KCJiy4HMM, 3eJieHblMH MaCTMMM paCTeHMM, He IipOMb nOJiaKOMMTbCa im i' pi.ifioíi n iiaceKOMbiMH. B rojiojiHoe apeMfi miorjaa HanajiaeT 11a juikiix .....1.1111MX >KMBOTHbix m flOMaujHMM CKOT, noejiaeT noceBbi OBca, KyKypy3bi, nm i-iuacT m (ppyKTOBbie cajjbi h naceKH. Ha 3MMy Me^Be^b npaMeTca b 6ep^o-11 n nnajiaeT b 3hmhk)io criHHKy. B $iHBape-khbothor) MMpa POCCMM. MeflBeflb-6oraTbipb, niihponyiuHbiM yBajieHb - jiK»6nMbiŕí repoíí pyccKwx CKa30K. C jj.aBHHX nop i|iiiivpa MeflBejia H3o6pa>Kajiacb m Ha repôax, no cmx nop oh coxpaHH^ca, ii.nipiiMep, Ha rep6e ropo^a ^pocjiaBJía. K ľaiíre bo^htcíi mhoto pa3Hoo6pa3Hbix acHBOTHbix h nrau. Hanôojiee 11 n n m um nTHua Taíírn - oěcT, wMeiomHM cwibHbie^anbi m moiuhwh kjihdb, .....ipi.iM oh floöbiBaeT ceMeHa h3 cochobhx uihujck - cBoe ocHOBHoe npo- 1111 ■.1111 ic. 3aecb JKHByT TaKxe nmjib\, mhoto BoaonjiaBaromnx n ďo^othhx n tmi. ĽcTb 3flecb h xHiuHbie nTMUbi: jiCTpeôbi, (pmiHHbi, coBbi, nMTaK)uj,Mecn Mi-iMiMH rpbi3yHaMH. H3 KpynHbix >KMBOTHbix 3flecb njHpoKO pacnpocTpa-nriii.i nypbiií MejiBe^b, pbicb, pocoMaxa, ceBepHbin o^eHb, Jiocb, 6ypyH^yK, .i i,ik>Kc nyujHbie 3BepbKM: JiHCMua, coôojib, 6ejiKa h ap. B Jiecax AMypo-YccypnŕícKoro Kpaa boähtcji TaK>Ke naTHHCTbiň o^eHb. i l.i|>-.ijiy c 6ypbiM MeüBefleM 3Aecb 'lacTo BCTpeiiaeTcn MepHbiíi raMa^aiicKMň MciuícAb. Btot^obkuíí 3Bepb npeBOCxojiHO ^a3aeT h oo^biuyro MacTb BpeMenn npoROAHT Ha aepeBbflx, rae rpaÔHT jimkhx nne/i n pa3opneT nTHMbH me3,aa. h iiiuiHiiax peK oĎMTaeT eHoroBUJiHaH coöaKa, b ujnpoKo^HCTBeHHbix ^ecax miihmtch h flajibHeBOCTOMHbiH kot, 3aMeHnK)mHíí 3,oecb eBponeíícKyK) ^ecHyio MiiiiKy. ľnaRHenujee ôoraTCTBO Taň™ - JTec. Ha Taííry npwxojíHTCJi no^OBHHa iiiiiacoii JipeBecHHbi Poccmh. OrpoMHbi h pecypcbi rHjipo3HeprHH - 6ojiee •u ",. pecypcoB CTpaHbi. 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Pocena 6buia im t. m mu u- 148,7 müh. nejí., b 2002 r. - 145,2 mjih. neji. ItOl \ I Mill HIINOCTb liaCCJieHHfl KpyilHCHIHHX CTpaH MHpa (IK) COCTOHHHK) Ha HMJJlb 2003 ľ.) >• CTpaiia HacejieHHe (mjih. mcji.) 1 KHTaii 1290 \ 1050 CUJA 290 i HHflOHe3Ha 235 Bpa3M^HSI 182 li riaKHCTaH 150 i PoccHÍícKaa eÄepamin 144 1 BaH manem 139 1 HwrepHa 134 flľlOHHH 128 li inu iicjume jiecfiTM^eTHfl b Pocchh, k3k h b jipyrnx pa3BHTbix CTpaHax i mlh iiKoii .nojieH ropojicKoro HacejieHHe, powjiaeMOCTb coKpaujaeTcsi. PacTeT ......iKiioiiepoB, m to npiiiiojuiT k noBbimcHHK) CMepTHOcra. OcoOeimo ,i i urn ii.ila yöbijib iiaccjieiiHJi b Kpyiinciiiimx ropojiax Pocchh - u Mockhc h < iiiiM-IlcTepôypre mhcjio yMepujHx b 2,6 pa3a npeBbicwjio mhcjio poflHB- IIIIIXI I \ I 11 i|u> im h ocHOBHbie pejiiiniii Pocchh I Id naiiHbiM riepenHCH 2002 r. b Pocchh HacMHTbmaeTca 160 HauHOHajib-III.i ii-ií. 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