pecny6.iimKax CCCP, a TaiOKe k HapouaM cTpaH fla^bHero 3apy6e>cbJi (hcmhi.i, iiojihkh, eBpeH, Kopenubi, rpeKH). no H3HKOBOH npMHajVlOKHOCTH HapOflbl POCCHH OTHOCflTCH K 4-M JUbJKII BbiM ceMbflM: HHuoeBponeucKoři (90% HacejieHHa), a^TaíícKOH, KaBKa3CKoll h ypa^bCKoŕí. PyccKHH H3UK HBjifleTCH rocyaapcTBeHHbiM, bo MHornx 3THnnecKnx pecnylV jiHKax 0(pMunajibHO Hcnojib3ytOTca Taioxe >i jlikíi hx THTyjibHbix Hapo^oii. lipu 3T0M KHpHJUlMUa JIBJIfleTCH eAHHCTBeHHbIM OCpHHHaJlbHO MCnOJlb3yeMblM aji(paBMTOM bo Bcex cy6i>eKTax P. Han6ojiee KpynHbie rpynnbi HapoflOB Pocchh: pyccKne - cocTaBjunoT 80 % HacejieHMfl CTpaHbi, TaTapbi - 3,8 %, yKpanHUbi - 2 %, ôaujKHpbi 1,2 %, nyßa-wh - 1,1 %, 0,9 % - MeMeHUbi, 0,8 % - apMHHe, 0,6 % - iwop^Ba, 0,6 % - 6e.no-pycbi, 0,5 % - aßapubi, 0,5 % - Ka3axn. Hckohho pyccKMc o6;iacTH Pocchh - sto TeppHTopnn OT eBponeŕícKoro CeBepa, CeBepo-3anafla ao ueHTpanbHbix paňoHOB Pocenu. PyccKHe TaioKC npeoö^ajjaiOT b paüoHax Ypa^a, Ha lore Cnônpn h ßajibHero BocTOKa. Rna HecKOJibKHX peraoHOB Pocchh xapaKTepHa necTpoTa HaunonanbHoro cocTa-Ba. Bo-nepBbix, sto paŕioHbi BAOJib Bojirn n KaMbi, BO-BTopwx, sto CeBepHbiŕi KaBKa3, me ctpopMHpoBanocb ceMb HauHOHa/ibHbix pecnyôJiHK (A^bireŕícKan, KapaMaeBO-HepKeccKaa, Kaöap^MHO-BajiKapcKaa, Ceßepo-OceTHHCKaa, HHryujCKan, HeneHCKaa, ,H,arecTaHCKa$0- B-TpeTbHx, OToejibHbie paŕíoHbi Ha CeBepo-BocTOKe n nojioca Ha CeBepe, r^e, noMHMO MajiOMHcneHHbix HapoßOB CeBepa, npo>KMBäK)T Kapejibi h komh. OcHOBHaa pcim im b P4> - npaßocjiaBHoe xpncTnaHCTBo (90 % BepyrotuMx), ocTanbHbie - MycyjibMaHe, 6y,naHCTbi h a,p. LJepKOBb oT^ejieHa ot rocyaapcTBa, ho cymecTByeT ripcQCTaBJieHHe o «Tpa,HHunoHHbix pejinrnax P, k koto-pbiM othooit npaBociiaBHe, MCJiaM, 6yAiW3M h ny,aaH3M. HcjiaM McnoBe,ayiOT b TaTapcTaHe, ropHbix pecnyôJíHKax KaBKa3a, iJarecTaHe. ByaaH3M - b Kaji-MbiKMM, Ha AjiTae h b Pecny6;iHKe TyBa. 3.2 TopoflCKoe u cejibCKoe iiaa-.'iciuic. Ocoôchhocth paeiv.ieiimi EcjiM b HaMajie XX b. b Pocchh cymecTBeHHO npeo6jia,aaj]o cejibCKoe Ha-cejieHHe, to b HacToamee BpeMji Ha6/no,aaeTCii oöpaTHan KaptMHa. TopoACKoe Hm . n mi. n Pocchh yBe.iHMH.nocb c 16 mjih. mctiobck (1926 r.) ro 106,4 mjih. lt. mm h (2002 i.), t. c. noMTH b 7 pa3. II ľ.......i ('imaioTCfl ropojiaMH HacejieHHbie nyHKTbi, .aocTHrujHe onpcae- *hiii"H 'IMCJICHHOCTH HaCCneHHfl - JIIOOTOCTH ( 12 TbIC. MejlOBeK), BbinOJlHJHO-IMIU III» IIMVIIICCTBCHHO HeCejlbCKOX03HHCTBeHHbie (pyHKHHH. ľlO JIKJflHOCTH MNľiiľiHioi mpojia: Majibie (flo 20 thc. ÄHTejieM), cpeamie (no 100 tmc). (hin,nun (iioiiee 100 rac), KpynHbie (6ojiee 250 thc), xpyímeňuiHe (6ojiee Ulli n n i íl lopojia-MHJiJiHOHepw. B 30-e ronbi, k3k h b KOHue XIX b., Ha Tep-|iiiim|hiii ľi.ícnH (h CCCP) 6buio Bcero flBa ropofla-MHjuiHOHepa (MocKBa M l|i.....m i >-1 -1 > W|o jwhhi.1M nepenncH 2002 ro^a, npouecc yp6aHH3auHH b Pocchh npaK-■^in npcKpaTH^ca. CooTHOiijeHHe HacejieHHJi MOK^y ropoflOM h ce^bCKOH i ...... n.io im cpaniieiiHK) c npcjihuiyuieii nepemici.io (1989 r.) ne hímc- Htľiľi i. n i-ocTaB^aeT cootbctctbchho 73 % h 27 %. FIpH stom ôojiee TpeTH minii .m iipo>KHBaeT b 13 ropo/iax-MHJUiHOHepax. i Mnu n 'im leiiiiocTi, ropoflOB Pocenu iipcBbiLuacTtwcsray (2001 i.). ImOi ».2 "iHCJieHHOCTb HacejieHH» KpynHeňuiHX ropoaoB Pocchh (ho coctohhhh) Ha íno.ii. 2003 r.) Topoa Hacejieime (m^h. Meji.) 1 MocKBa 8,4 CaHKT-ľleTepĎypr 4,6 ,1 HOBOCMÖHPCK 1.4 4 Hh>khiim HoBropoa 1,4 EKaTepiiHÖypr 1,3 i. CaMapa 1,2 7 Omck 1.1 H Ka3aHb 1,1 9 Y4)a 1,1 m He^5l6HHCK 1,1 It Pocto B-Ha-j],OHy 1,0 12 riepMb 1,0 I lacejieHHe b Pocchh pa3MemeHO HepaBHOMepHO. CpejiHHH ero ruioTHOCTb corniBJineT 8,4 nejioBeKa Ha 1 km2, hto b 4 pa3a MeHbiue cpe^Hen njioTHOCTH 28 29 HacejieHHH 3cmhoio mapa. dojih Ma/iaa cpejiHflfl aiOTHocTb HacejieHHa (;uim cpaBHeHMa - cpe^hah ruioTHOCTb HaceneHHa b EBpone npeBbiiuaeT 100 mcji./km ', B MacTHocTH, b HexHH - 130,5 qeJL/KM2, b Flojibiije - 122,5 mcji./km2, bo 4>paHiuui - 105,5 neji./km2, b repMaHMH - Sojiee 200 mcji./km2) oďtjHchhctcji TeM, mto Gojibiuyjo MacTb TeppMTopMH Pocchh cocraBjíHioT MajionpHroflHbie juia xhjiiii paííoHbi, rjie npo>KHBaeT Jinujb Majian MacTb HacejieHMn crpaHbi. TaK, ecjiM pa3Jj,ejiHTb TeppHTopnio Pocchh Ha jjBe MacTH Boo6pa>Kii-eMOíí ropH30HTajibHOH jiMHMeH, npoxoflflmeří Mepe3 CaHKT-nerepčypí - KwpoB - EKaTepHHČypr - Omck - Tomck - KpacHoapcK - MpKyTCK -MwTa - Xa6apoBCK, to OKa>KeTca, mto b k»khoh Macra, 3aHHMaiomeH okojio MeTBepTH oĎmen ruiomajj,h Pocchh, >khbct 95 % ee HacejieHna, a b ceBepHoii, 3aHHMaioiij,eH % oĎiueří anoma/in CTpaHbi - ocTaBUjneca 5 %. M ecjiH b EBponeíícKOH Mac™ Pocchh ruiOTHocTb HacejieHHH Jinujb He-MHoro MeHbiue cpe/j,HeMHpoBOH (29 mcji./km2), to b Cmďhph ona y>Ke b 15 pai hh>Ke (2,5 mcji./km2). B Mockobckoh >Ke o6jiacTH njioTHOCTb HacejienHJi jjo-CTHraeT 350 mcji./km2, a b 3bchkhhckom aBTOHOMHOM oKpyre OHa cocTaBjíaeT 0,03 neji./km2. 3.3 CeMbH. BpaKU. Paskou.i B KOHue XIX - HaMane XX BeKa npeoöJiajiaiomHM ranoM ceMbH b Pocchh Ďbijia OTHOCHTejibHO MHoroMMCJieHHasi, MHorojieTHaa KpecTbHHCKaa ceMbfl (cme b 1920 r. cpejj.HHH pa3Mep cejibCKoM ceMbH cocTaBjíaji 5,6 MejioBeKa), MacTo cocTOHiuaa h3 npe/jCTaBMTejieH HecKOJibKHx noKOJieHMíí, Hec kojí bKHX cynpy>KecKMx nap. 3a HcreKiuee ctojicthě ™n pocchhckoh ceMbH KopeHHbíM o6pa30M h3mchhj1cm, Ha nepBoe MecTO Bbiwjia ropojjCKaa ceMba - He TOJibKO b tom cMbicjie, mto öbiCTpo HapacTajia .oojih ceMeü, >KHByiu,Hx b ropojiax, ho h b CMbicjie H3MeHeHHH pa3Mepa, cocTaßa, xapaKTepa BHyTpnceMeHHbix ot-HouieHHH, ceMeüHoro UHKjia h t. n. BojibiuHe H3MeHeHHH npoH30uuiH b npoueccax 3aioiíOMeHHH h npeKpame-HHfl 6paKOB, noflBJíeHHH AeTeři, nocjiejryiomero BbmcneHHíi h3 poflHTejibCKOíí ceMbH h T.n. B MeHbHjeii CTeneHH nepeMeHbi KOCHyjincb nepBbix 6paKOB. B oTJiHMHe OT 6ojibuiHHCTBa cTpaH 3anajiHOH Eßponw, jjjia Pocchh Bcer.ua 6buia xapaKTepHa paHHnn h noMTH Bceo6nj,asi ĎpaMHOCTb. CeíÍMac, KaK h npex- flC ÖOJIbUJHHCTBO My>KMHH h >KeHUIHH KaXJlOrO nOKOJieHHH paHO hj1h n03JJHO BCTynawT b öpaK. B nocjiejiHHe roflbi HaöJirojiaeTcn HeKOTopoe «cTapenne» «flHKim ii IICBCCT. B COBeTCKOe BpeMfl CPCOHHH B03paCT MOJ10,IK»KeHOB ÖbIJI K|0 im. H renepb - 25-30. CoBpeMeHHbiM HeBecTaM no 20-25, >kchhxh, mi n|i um in, jicT na njiTb cTapiue. I m|, i Hin iio.iii.uiHe H3MeHeHHH HMejiH MecTO b npoueccax pacna/ja 6paKOB Ki 'ii in iiuio oiijioBeHHH h pa3BO.ua. JXo peBOJiKDUHH 1917 r. npaKTHKa pa3BO.ua HU'.......i V i CTBOBaJia, MHCJIO pa3BOJJOB 6bUIO HHMTO>KHbIM, BnOCJie/TCTBHH OHO i im.....i.h ipo pacTH. C KOHne 70-x rr. HaMCTHjiacb craönji H3auH5i noKa3aTe- ihii im iiuiiiiiMOCTM Ha ypoBHe, npeBbimaiomeM Bce pa3BHTbie cTpaHbi. KpoMe • III \ < »iinoBpcMeHHO öpaMHaa aKTHBHOCTb HacejieHHH HaMajia MejuieHno i im i .ii i.oi. '0to OTMacTH CBA3aH0 c pacnpocTpaHeHneM b Pocchh hobwx ||||||IM i I-MCHIIOH >KH3HH - rpa>KflaHCKHX 6paKOB, BpeMeHHblX COXHTeJIbCTB. I ClIHXCeHHe CMepTHOCTH 3H3MHTejlbHO CHH3HJIO BepOJITHOCTb npeKpaUie- iiiiii iip.iKa iicjiejj.cTBHe OBjioBeHHH. Oho ocTaeTca rjiaBHOH npHMHHOH npe-|.|hiiiii mihi OpaKa b cTapiiJHX B03pacTHbix rpynnax, ho juih 6ojiee MOJiojJbix i.....•. ml pojib iiaMiioro Mciibiue, mcm npe>Kjie. B TO >kc BpeMfl pe3K0 i i,i iiepojiTHOCTb paciiajiciiHM 6paKa ii3-ia paiiKwui. C'yutccTBCHHyKD KOMneHCHpyiomyK) pojib b ochobhom no oTHOiueHHio y h|.,u .im, pacnaBUJMMca BCJiejjCTBne pa3BO^a, nrpaiOT noBTopHbie 6paKH i ii.....ihk) TOMy KaK B npOUJJlOM ohh KOMneHCHpOBaJIH OBJIOBeHHe). J\oj\f\ i Hiuibix cpeflH Bcex, BCTynaKDiuHx b 6paK, B03pacTaeT. Pa3BejieHHbie iHi.....HoncBLUHe MyxMHHbi BCTynaKDT b noBTopHbiH 6paK HaMHoro Mame, 'ii'M -MMiinHHbi. B nocjiejiHee BpeMH, oflHaKO, mhcjio ^kchiuhh, BCTynHBUJHX ii iiuiiiopiibiH 6paK, pacTeT. HajiHMHe jaeTen Bce b MeHbUjefi CTeneHH nanaeTcn H|irilllTcrBHCM JJJia BCTynjieHHJl b nOBTOpHblH 6paK, nOJIOÖHO TOMy K3K fleTH Ki in iiiuiHiOTCH npennTCTBHeM jxna pa3Bojia. < Vii'iac b P Hanöojiee pacnpocTpaHeHbi Tpn pa3H0BHji,H0CTH ceMbn: i vupy>KecKaji napa c jjerbMH hjih 6e3 jaeTefi (HyicneapHaa ceMba) niiiiii H3 poflHTejieH c /aerbMH (HenojiHaa HyicneapHaa ceMbn) rvnpy>KecKaj! napa c jieTbMH hjih 6e3 jteTen c oahhm h3 pojiHTejieH cy-npyroB h ^pyrnMH poflCTBeHHHKaMH (cjioxHaa ceMba c cynpy>KecKHM M.HPOM). I pyjuioe couHajibHO-3KOHOMHMecKoe nojioxeHHe poccHHCKoro HacejieHHSi iifMH rpaeT h ceMeHHbiH Bonpoc: oahh ceMbH yKpenjiaroTca, jipyrne, Haoöo-11< 11. paciiarjaiOTcn, Bce 6ojibiiJe nposiBjiaeTca HOKenaHne MOJiojJbix «chiuhh, Mnopi»ic jiyMUje, MeM My>KMHHbi, nepeHOCHT TJiroTbi nepecTpoHKH, BCTynaTb ii lip.lK, paCTCT KOJIHMeCTBO MaTepeH-OÄHHOMeK. 31 no AaHHbiM nepeiiMCH HaceneHna 2002 roua, mhcjio cynpyxKecKHX nap HaxoflflTCH b He3aperncTpnpoBaHHOM 6paKe. Tpa^MUMOHHo ana Poccmh 3aperncTpnpoBaHHoe hhcjio 3aMy*:HHX weH-iHHH npeBbiiuaeT mhcjio weHaTbix My^KMWH. B 2002 rojiy mhcjio 3aMy)KHnx jKemuHH npeBbicHJio mhcjio »ceHaTbix MyxMHH Ha 65 TbiCHH, Tor.ua KaK, no aaHHbiM nepenHCH 1989 rojia, Taxoe npeBbimeHHe cocTaBjiajio 28 thcam. 3.4 Po*maeMOCTb, CMepTHOCTb h n po aojdkm re. ii.noc 11, ah íiiii noane HapyuieHMH, Bbi3BaHHbix nepBoíí mhpoboh bomhoh, peBOJHOunaMH h rpa>Kjj,aHCKoŕí bohhoh, BbicoKníí ypoBeHb po>K,aaeMocTH, CBoncTBeHHbiíí ao-peBOjnounoHHoŕi Pocchh, BoccTaHOBmica, xotíi h He b nojiHoíí Mepe. c KOHua 20-x rr. najieHne po>Kjj,aeMocTH CTajio ocoôeHHo 3aMeTHO. TeM He MeHee ua>Ke cnycTH 15 jieT nocjie BTopoíí mhpoboh bohhw ee ypoBeHb b P

Kjj,aeMocTH npeBbiuiaji 23 Ha 1000 MejiOBeK. 3aTeM Hanajica jj,ec*iTHJieTHHH nepnoji ôbicTporo chh-xceHMH, nocjie Mero Hacrynnjia CTa6njiH3auHK. K cepeflMHe 60-x rr. 3aBepwnjiCfl nepBbiH 3Tan nepexojra k HOBOMy Tnny po>KflaeMOCTM, npn stom ocHOBHbie napaMeTpbi jieTopox/jeHnfl BnjioTnyio npn6jiH3HJincb k noKa3aTejiHM b 6ojibuJHHCTBe pa3BHTbix cTpaH. TjiaBHbie xapaKTepncTMKM HOBoro THna po>K,n;aeMocTH, c6jiH>«aiomero Poccmio co CTpa-HaMH 3ana/ia, coctoht b cne/iyiomeM: - CTa6njiH3auH5i po>Kjj,aeMOCTn Ha hm3kom, k a k npaßmio, He oôecneMHBaio-meM jjaxe npocToro 3aMew,eHHH noKOjieHnn, ypoBHe; - KOHUeUTpaUHH OCHOBHOH MaCCbl pOXJieHHH b y3KOM HHTepBaJie MOJlOJlblX B03paCTOB; - He3HaMHTe^bHbie h yMCHbiuaiomnecH pa3JiHHH5i Mexjry n o K33aTeji h m h po>K^aeMocTH pa3Hbix coHHa^bHbix rpynn, ropoacKoro h cejibCKoro Ha-cejieHHíi; - HeôojibuJOH npoMOKyroK BpeMeHH b paMKax >KH3HeHHoro uHKJia ceMbn, HeOĎXOAHMblX JJJlfl CpOpMMpOBaHMfl ee nOTOMCTBa. npoHcxoAHinne c po>KJiaeMOCTbio nepeMeHbi He HcnepnbiBaiOTCíi CHnxe-HiieM ee ypoBHíi. OôpamaeT BHHMaHne «OMOJioxeHne» po>Kjj,aeMocTn, oco-6eHHo ycHJiHBUjeeca nocjie 1965 r. B caMOM oömeM Bnjie sto Bbipa>KaeTca b 3HaMMTejibHOM najj,eHHH cpejiHero B03pacTa MaTepn, HaöjnojiaiomHMCfl iio'ith bo Bcex peraoHax Pocenu (c 1965 no 1992 r. cpcuhhh B03pacT MaTe-, .ii, ciKpaTnacfl c 27,5 no MeHee mcm 25 JieT). ľlpn yMeHbweHHH nojm fleTeŕi pMCTCT jiojih neHcnoHepoB, hto npnBojniT k noBbiiueHHK) CMepTHOCTn. Poct CMepTHOCTn b Pocchh n CTpaHax HOBoro 3apy6e>KbH b noone/iHHe .....u nOycjioBJieH He CTOJibKO yBejinneHneM jjojih neHCHOHepoB, CKOJibKo . niMiocTfíMn counajibHO-3KOHOMHMecKoro n SKOJioranecKoro nojio>KeHHíi m. nicx fibiBUinx pecnyojMKax CCCP. * * * I l|>;miiTejibCTBo PO, oöecnoKoeHHoe TpeBO>KHOíí aeMorpacpHMecKOíi emya- .....-n n cTpaHe, 24. 9. 2001 r. npnHHJio «KoHuenunto jjeMorpacpHMecKoro pa s- iii* i mi I'occhhckoh cocTaBHjia okojio 145 mjih. i iiiiu-i ( 1993 i. ecTCcriicmiasi yöbuib iiace.ieiuisi HaxOflHTCfl na CTaĎHJibHO .....i -m vpomie (700-900thcot mcjiobck n roji), flenonyjiam« - ycroÄmwoe ii|iľin.iiiiCHHe Mncua yMepujnx Hafl mhcjiom poflHBiunxcn - 3aTpoHyua npaK-i iľiľiKM licfo TeppnTopnio P n noHTH Bce 3THHMecKHe rpynnbi. OflHoň h3 i i i m i • i i i i i jienonyjiHUHH íiBJíaeTCH HH3Kaa po>KjiaeMOCTb. B 2000 r. pojwjiocb I '(>/ n.ic. 'lejioBeK, hto b 1,6 pa3a MeHbuje, mcm b 1990 r. CoBpeMeHHbie iinp.iMerpbi b 2 pa3a MeHbiue, lieM TpeöyeTcn Ana 3aMemeHna noKO^eHníí: n i i m 1111 c m Ha oflHy >KenmnHy npnxojinTca 1-2 po>KfleHna npn 2,15, Heoöxo-uiiMi.ix ium boc n po H3 BOflCTBa HacejieHnn. t Miman TeH/aeHUHH anHaMHKn CMepTHOCTn Hace^eHMfl cTpaHbi xapax- ii pii ivcicji CBepxcMepTHOCTbto jno/j,eß TpyflocnocoÖHoro B03pacTa, cpe^w nnii|)i.ix okojio 80% cocTaBjiaioT MyjKMHHbi. CTa6njibHO bncokhmh coxpa-HMMiK n noKa3aTeun CMepTHOCTn ot nHtpeKunoHHbix n napa3HTapHbix 6o-■ .i n ľ. iom Miicjie ot Ty6epKyjic3a. oojicíhcíí OpraHOB ubixaiiusi, cmctcmi.i ». |n.....uiipauieHnn, HecMacTHbix cjiynaeB, OTpaBJíeHHň n TpaBM (Bicrno'iaji ot- piiiinciiiHi ajiKorojieM n aBTOTpaHcnopTHbie TpaBMbi), a t3k>Ke b pe3yjibTaTC ynniii m n caMoy6nňcTB. < pi'nii>ia npoflOJi>KHTe^bHOCTb >KH3Hn HacejieHHH cTpaHbi b HacTonmec npi'Mii cocTaBjiaeT 65,9 ro^a (b 1992 r. - 68,8 ro^a). OjKniiaeMaa npoflOJiwM- ||>i......hu. >KH3HH My>KMHH Ha 12^eT HHXC HeM npOJlOJDKHTeJIbHOCTb >KH3Hn *......mi. I Ipn coxpaHeHHH nMeK>meroca Ha cerojiHn ypoBHfi CMepTHOCTn H3 •im mi poccHHH, ÄOCTMrujnx b 2000 r. inecTHajmaTH ntT, ^o>KHByT ro 60 JieT 'iMiiii. ^H "<< MywMMH. Ha 1. 1. 2001 r. Jinn neHcnoHHoro B03pacTa 6biJio 6ojib-Ult, mcm neieŕi, Ha 1,1 mjih. ne^OBeK. 33 Mm-pauMOHHbiří npnpocT HacejieHHa KOMneHcnpoBaji ecTecTBeHHyio yöbuib Hace^eHMíi TOJibKO Ha 45 %, a b 2000 r. - MeHee MeM Ha HeTBepxb. Ecjih 40 CepeflMHbl 80-X rr. HMCJieHHOCTb Bbie3>KaiO"j,hx Ha nOCTOJIHHOe )KHTeJlbCTBO 3a rpaHMuy e>KerojiHO cocraBJíJLia 3 thc. moiobck, to b 1990 r. OHa npeBbicmia 100 TbicflH h b nocjiejTyiomne rojibi yaepjKHBanacb Ha tom ;*e ypoBHe. no nporH03aM iTocyjiapcTBeHHoro KOMMTera P no CTaTHCTHKe, Hace-jieHne cTpaHbi k 2016 r. coKparaTca no cpaBHeHnio c HanajioM 2001 r. Ha 10,4 mjih. HejiOBeK, hjih Ha 7,2 %, h coct3bmt 134,4 mjih., a nncneHHocTb jihu, BbixoAHiunx 3a npe^ejibi TpyjjocnocoÖHoro B03pacTa, noMTH b asa pa3a npe- BblCHT MMCJieHHOCTb JIHU, AOCTHrUJHX 16 JieT. (FIojiHbiH TeKCT KoHuenuHH HanenaTaH b «Pocchhckoh ra3eTe» ot 16. 10. 2001). B Pocchh OTMenaeTca 3HaiinTejibHoe npeBbnueHHe b cTpyKType Hace- JieHMa HHCJieHHOCTH >KeHLUHH (77 MJ1H. Hejl.) Hafl HHCJieHHOCTbK) My>K4MH (67 müh. iieji.). 3to o6-bflCHaeTCíi BbicoKoŕi npe*meBpeMeHHoň cMepTHocTbK» cpeflM My^KCKOíí nacTM HacejieHHfl. Ha o^Hy Tbicany My>khhh b Pocchh npn-xoÄMTca 1147 >KeHiuMH. B uejioM no CTpaHe HHCJieHHOCTb jkchiumh nonra Ha I 10 MHJU1MOHOB lieJ10BeK ÖOJlbUJe, MeM HHCJieHHOCTb My>KlIMH. TaÖJi. 3.3 Pampu u.ieime ihc.ichhoc i u iiaci\ieiin>i Pocchh no nojiy h B03pacTy (no coc i oni im« Ha Hiojib 2003 r.) BOipaci /hľiimiiii (twc. nejí.) (TbIC. nejí.) Bcero ot 0 no 14 JieT 11 815 11 336 16,0 % ot 15 no 64 JieT 49 399 52 367 70,4 % 6ojiee 65 jict 6 394 13 214 13,6 % TaÖJi. 3.4 PacnpejiejieHHe •iikviciiiioc i n iiacejieiiMH Pocchh no nojiy, cpejweMy B03paCTy H npOJJOJIJKHTejlbHOCTH All £1111 (IIO COC TOHIIHK) Ha HlOJlb 2003 r.) IloKajarcjib m.\/k'lllll /fcťlllllllll Bcex cpejiHMÍí B03pacT HacejieHHH (jieT) 34,7 40,3 37,6 CpeÄHMH npOJlOJlJKHTejlbHOCTb )km3hm (jieT) 62,5 73,1 67,7 4 TocyaapcTBeHHoe ycrpoHCTBO Pocchhckoh í>eaepauHH I locjie OeBpajibCKoií peBOJiiounn 1917 r., yHHMTO>KHBUjeři PoccnncKyio mm-III pino, Pocena b ceHTflöpe 1917 r. CTajia pecny6jiMKoň. Bcneji3a 3-thm, nocjie ......cum OKTíiôpbCKoň peBOjnounn OHa 6biJia npoB03rjiaujeHa .HeKJiapaunen ii|>,im ipyjTfluierocH n 3KcruiyaTnpyeMoro Hapojia (1918) KaK CoBeTCKaa Couna-iin i ii'iccKaa PecnyöjiHKa, a 3aTeM h KaK PoccnncKaa CoBeTCKan OejiepaTHii-ii.ui < ouHajiMCTHHecKafl PecnyöJinKa (PC<í>CP). B 1922 r. PCOCP cobmcctho ■ |iiiiom jipyrnx pecnyĎJWK o6pa30Bajia Cokm Cobctckhx ConnajiHCTHMecKHX I'd hvojihk, b cocTaB KOToporo OHa BxojiHJia jTO jieKaôpfl 1991 r., t.e. jj.o pac-ii.m.i (0103a. Ilcpiibin CT>e3Ä HapojiHbix jrenyTaTOB PC4>CP, Bbipawan bojiio napojioB |'( ( p, npoB03rjiacHJi rocy/japcTBeHHbin cyBepeHnTeT Ha Bceŕí TeppnTopnn . i p.iniii, pi 11 m n 12 HiOHfl 1990 r. flemiapaunioo rocyjiapcTBeHHOM cyBepeHH-i. i c ľ( CP, rjre cyBepeHHTeT paccMaTpMBaeTca KaK ecTecTBeHHoe n Heoôxo-niiMoe ycjioBHe cymecTBOBaHHH pocchhckoíí rocyjiapcTBeHHOCTH, HMeiomeří MiiiiioitcKOByio HCTopnio, KyjibTypy n ono^HBUineca Tpajn-iunH. 25 jjeKaopa l'i'M i. npHHHTO HOBoe Ha3ßaHHe rocyjiapcTBa - PoccnncKafi ejj,epaHHH i ľ.m i um). B 1991 r. ynpoKjieH nocT npe3H/j,eHTa PCOCP, h 12 hiohh 1991 r. um (ii.iji BceHapojTHO H36paH B. EjibnnH. It koucTHTyuHH PoccnňcKOíi Oejiepannn, npnHHToří 12 jieKaôpa 1993 rojra .....kTiiapojiHOM peqoepeHAyMe CKa3aHo: «PoccnncKaa c^ejiepauna - Pocena n 11. iicMOKpaTnMecKoe (pcjiepaTnBHoe npaBOBoe rocyjiapcTBo c pecnyÔJinKaH-11 mi (|)opMOH npaßjieHMH». ľocena - (pejiepauHn, cocToamaa h3 89 cy6T>eKTOB (21 pecnyÔJinKn, 1 3bto-iniMiian o6jiacTb, 10 aBTOHOMHbix OKpyroB, 6 KpaeB, 49 o6jiacTen n 2 ropojia i|h'iicpajibHoro 3HaneHnji: MocKBa n CaHKT-PIeTepoypr). I laBOft rocyjrapcTBa nBJiaeTCH npe3naenT, npn3BaHHbifi 6biTb rapaHTOM iiiKiiiiiiocTH, a TaK>Ke coÖJHOjieHHH npaB n cboöojt poccnňcKHX rpa>Knan. t hi oiipcjicjraeT ocHOBHbie HanpaBJieHnn BHyTpeHHeň h BHeuiHefi nojiHTH-* n npcncTaBJiHeT CTpaHy b Me>KUyHapoj3Hbix oTHOiueHnax. ripe3Hj3,eHT n3-iinpacioi na MeTbipe rojia rpaxjiaHaMn PO Ha ocHOBe Bceoönjero paBHoro n npHMOro n36npaTejTbHoro npaßa npn TaiiHOM rojiocoßaHnn. npe3njo,eHTOM 35