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B rocyaapcTBeHHyio JXyMy h36h-paeTcn 450 aenyTaTOB ot napTHÍí, oömecTBeHHbix jjbhxchhh jihôo hhähbh-jiyajibHO. HcnojiHHTe^bHyro BjiacTb ocymecTBJíaeT I IpaBH k. n,ento Pocchhckoíí OeaepauHH. Oho coctoht h3 npeflceaaTejiH, ero 3aMecTHTejieíí h cpcuepajib-Hbix MHHHCTpoB. npcacejiaTejib ripaBHTe^bCTBa Ha3HaiiaeTcn iipe3H,aeHTOM c cor^acHH focy,a,apcTBeHHOH JlyMU. MacTO roBopaT, mto poccnŕicKaji nojiHTHHecKaa cncTeiwa nocTpoeHa no «(ppaHuy3CKOíí MOflejiH», HMea b BHjjy CHJibHyio npe3H,neHTCKyio BJiacTb. ^eŕicTBHTe^bHO, npe3H^eHT Pocchhckoíí e.uepauHH MOxeT BbiCTynaTb C 3aKOHOJiaTej1bHblMH HHHUHaTHBaMH, Ha3HaHaTb M OTnpaBJíaTb B OTCTaBKy n pe m be p-m h h HCTpa h npaBHTe/ibCTBO, npcaccaaTejibCTBOBaTb Ha 3ace,naHHHx KaôHHeTa mhhhctpob, yTBep>KflaTb BoeHHyio AOKTpHHy CTpaHbi h pacnycKaTb nap^aMeHT no t3khm npHMHHavi, KaK ÄByKpaTHoe BbmeceHHe aenyTaTaMH BOTyMa HeflOBepHfl npaBHTejibCTBy hjih ero HecnocoÔHOCTb yTBep^HTb KaH-flHjiaTypy npeMbep-MHHHCTpa. Cootbctctbchho, npaBHTejibCTBo HeceT ot-BeTCTBeHHOCTb He nepefl napjiaMetiTOM, a nepca npe3H,neHTOM. < loiHua Pocchhckoíí e,aepauHH - MocKBa, KpynHeííujHíi nojíHTM'ie-i cm iipoMbiinneHHbiíi h KyjibTypHbiíí ueHTp CTpaHbi. BnepBbie ynoMHHaeTca ■i u iciimcH 1147 rom. C XIII BeKa - cTonnna KHfl>KecTBa MocKOBCKoro, a 3a- iim ľyccKoro rocyaapcTBa. DTopoft no BejiHMHHe h 3HaiieHHio ropoji Pocchh - CaHKT-ľleTep6ypr. ' iioitaH uapeM ľleTpoM I b 1703 r. B 1712 r. PleTp I nepeHec cmnniiy ľ. m « inicKoti HMnepHH H3 MocKBbi b CaHKT-PIeTepoypr, ho noc/ie peBonio-■ 11111 i 17 r., pe3KO H3MeHHBiiieií rpaHHHbi ôbiBweií Pocchííckoíí HMnepHH ii i .nu i iciaBHCHMbiMH tpHHjiHHjiHH, npHôajiTHÍícKHe pecny6;iHKH. riojibuia. Vi. |>;miia, pecny6^HKH 3aKaBKa3ba h CpcuHeŕí A3hh), 12 MapTa 1918 rojia Mm KUH BIIOBb CT3HOBHTCH CTOJIHUeíí POCCHH. i I I ocy;iapcTBCHHbie chmbojiu Poccmhckoü e.nepauHH II 1993 r. YKa30M ripe3H.aeHTa Pocchh 6buiH yTBepwaeHbi rocyjiapcTBeH-iii.ic c hm boji bi oÔHOB^eHHoíí Pocchííckoíí ejj.epauHH: 6ejio-CHHe-KpacHbiií (Jwiaľ. ľocy^apcTBeHHbiíí rep6 Pocchh b BHjie 30JiOToro AByrjiaBoro op^a Ha ip.uiioM repaiibÄHMecKOM íuHTe h rocynapcTBeHHbiíí thmh, co3flaHHbiíí Ha IM nono «riaTpHOTHMecKoii necHH» M. M. T^hhkh. H ucKaôpe 2000 r. Tocy^apcTBeHHOH .flyMoií ôbijio BHeceHo H3MeHeHH -iii.i i vľiiep>KÄeH TocyAapcTBeHHbiíí thmh Ha My3biKy A. AjieKcaHupoBa, c^oBa < MuxajiKOBa. 37 36 ..'.<■■!:.- \.S * W i? CoBpeMeHHbiü rocyflapcTBeHHbiii rep6 Pocchm bocxoamt ko hpcmchh npaiiJieHMH BejiHKoro khh3h Muana III. B 1472 r. ouj.oueuiiJMM KHsiJb HuaH oOueHHa^cn c Cocpberi riajieojior - njieMHHHHueii nocjicaHero BH3aHTHiicKoro HMnepaTopa KoHcraHTHHa. B 1489 r. MßaH III caejia^ ee aMÖJieMy - nayrmuo-ro opjia c KopoHaMM Ha Ka>K,noH rojioBe, c KpbuibUMM, noBepHyrbiMM bhm3, -rocyjiapcTBeHHoii, noniiepKHyB 3HaiieHne mockobckoto khh3h k3k iiyxoBHoro npeeiviHMKa BJiacTH BM3aHTntícKHx uMnepaTopoB. B TeiieHne nonroro BpeMeHH üßyrjiaBbiH opeji to Tepan, to npno6peTaji pa3JiHMHbie aTpnoyTbi h pera^nn. ripn MBane Tpo3HOM b 1561 r. na «ncpcax» (t.c rpyjiM) opjia 6biJio no-MemeHO M3o6pa»Kajicq pyccKMii luecTHKOHeMHbiM KpecT. B 1625 r. KpecT 6bui 3aivieHeH TpeTbeM KopoHoii. U,apb AjieKCCH MnxaiiiioBMH - BTopoii napb po/ia PoMaHOBbix - yTBepÄMji iiepBoe pa3BepnyToe onncaHne repöa. Kpbuibfl opjia H3o6pa>KajiMCb nOflHH-Ti.iMM, Ha rpy^h - iumt c H3o6pa;nKaiomero 3mma. 3H3MeHMe üaHHOH aAneropHM acHo: Äoöpo ĎopeTca co 3jiom. HMnepaTpMua EKaTepnHa I cbomm yxa30M onpcaejwjia uBeTa rep6a: >iep-Hbiii opeji Ha >KejiT0M (30jiotom) nojie h BcaAHHKa Ha ĎejioM KOHe na KpacHOM none. I Ipil HHKOJiae I, BO BTOpOM HeTBepTH XIX b. ĎbIJlH BHeCeHbl HOBbie M3MeHe- imii Kpujibfl opjia M3o6pa>KajiMCb wnpoKO pacnaxHyTbiMM, a na KpbiJibsix pac- 110 laraiWCb repôbi nHTM napcTB: Ka3aHCKoro, AcTpaxaHCKoro, CnönpcKoro, I In ibCKoro, TaBpHMecKoro - h BcnnKoro KHíiwecTBa HniiflH,acKoro. Ii 1X56 r. AjieKcaHjip II yTBepami perjiaMeHTaunio rocyjiapcTßeHHbix rep6oB 111 cpoccHttcKOft HMnepiin (ôo^bujoro, cpcnHero h Majioro). CymecTBeHHbiM .....KiiiiiciieHMeM qBMJicji noBopoT n3o6pa>KeHMfl cBTeopran no6eÄOHOcua íl npaByio cTopoHy, b cootbctctbhh c 3aKOHaMm eBponeiícKon repajibjíHKn. I i pii ronia Bbirjiímeji cjie,ayioLunM o6pa30M: »lepHbiii jiByrjiaBbiM opeji c Tpe- MM lOflOTblMH HMHepaTOpCKMMM KOpOH3MM (AByMH MSJlblMM H3A TOJIOBSMM • • I• 1,1 11 OJ1HOÍÍ ĎOJlbUJOií - Haj! HMMH), CBH3aHHblMM MOKfly c060h ranyôoii AiiiipeeBCKoii /leHToii; b npaBoŕi ^ane op^a - CKnneTp, b ^eBoíí - jiep>KaBa. I l.i i pyiiH opjia iijMT c (prirypoM cn. Teopraa na KpacnoM cpOHe, OKpy>KeHHbiií m 111.10 Bbictuero opřena Pocchm - AH^pea IlepBOiBaHHoro. li raKOM BM^e rep6 Poccmmckom HMnepHM cymecTBOBaji ao HH3Bep>KeHHji • .iMoiiep>KaBHfl b íxhh cPeBpajibCKOH peBo^iouMH 1917 r. 3tot repô o6n3aTe^b-1111 noMema^ca Ha cppoHTOHax h cpacaaax rocyaapcTBeHHbix yiipe>KaeHMM. ( nHHUOBbiii AByrjiaBbiH ope^, OTjíHTbiii b 1720 r., ao chx nop yKpauiaeT 11«*ipoHCKMC BopoTa PleTponaBJíoBcKoíí KpenocTM. MiueHHo oh nocjiy>Kmi iHiiiHM H3 o6pa3HOB npn BOCCTaHOBJíeHHH CTapHHHoro PoccMMCKOio repöa n n.míč BpeMfl. rocy^apcTBeHHbiH rep6 PocchMckoh 4>eaepauMH 6bui yTBep>k-• ii u yKa30M ripe3MaeHTa 30 Hoa6pa 1993 roj.a. K jieKaôpa 2000 r. Tocy^apcTBenHaH JlyMa npHHa^a b nepBOM htchmh iiiiiceniibiH npe3MjieHTOM KOHCTMTy nnoH h u h 3aKOHonpoeKT «O Tocyiiap- ■ rocHHOM repöe P4>». laKOHonpoeKT aaer no^poöHoe onncarme rocy^apcTBeHHoro repöa, ko-lupi.iii «npcucTaBjiHeT co6oM *ieTbipexyro^bHbin, c 3aKpyr^eHHbiMH hm>khm-Mii yniaMH, 3aocTpeHHbin b okohcmhoctm KpacHbiií repajib^HMecKMH himt i lojioTbiM ^ByrjiaBbiM op^oM, noflHHBUJHM BBcpx pacnymeHHbie Kpbmba. < ipeji yiieimaH ^Byivia MajibiMH h oíihoh ôo^binoH KopoHaMM, coeflHueniibiMH iiľiľroii. B npaBOH Jiane opjia - CKHneTp, b jieBoti - jiep>KaBa. Ha rpy^n opjia n KpacnoM LUMTe enymníi BJieBO Ha cepeöpnHOM KOHe cepeopsinbiii Bcaj,HHK m iincM njiame, nopa^Kaioiunn cepeôpnHbiM KonbeM nepHoro onpoKHHyToro ii.niiHiľib n nonpaHHoro kohcm jipaKOHa, TaK>Ke oöpaiueHHoro BiieBo». 39 riepBoe ynoMMHaHHe o UBeTax rocyaapcTBeHHoro cpjiara (paHee ynoTpe6-jiajiMCb cnoBa suaMH, cmm, xopyefíb, npanop) othochtch ko BpeMenn nocTpon-km nepuoro pyccKoro Kopa6jin «Opeji» b 1667 r. Ha oepcpjix noa BopoHOKeM. Toraa uapio AjieKceio MnxanjioBn>iy npcacTaBHJin mhoto npHMepoB cpjiaroB pa3HblX COBpeMeHHbIX H MCTOpMMeCKMX flep^OB, M3 KOTOpbIX OH Bbičpaji 6e- jibiii, chhhh n KpacHbiii uBCTa. TaK iiapb noiiTBep^mi rocyxiapcTBeHHbie uBeTa Poccnn, KOTopbie H3jiaBHa HpHcyTCTBOBajiM b mockobckom repĎe, va& no Kpac-Hoviy nojiio H3o6pa>Kajicn cb. reoprnii b cnHeii MaHTHH Ha ďcjiom kohc TpeM UBeTaM poccniicKoro (p;iara npnjiaioT cjiejryiOLuee 3HaiieHne: KpacHbiii UBeT, b COOTBeTCTBMH C BH3aHTMHCKOH TpajlHUHeH. - UBCT iiep>KaBHOCTM, MMnepaTopcKoro hoctohhctb3; chhhh ubct - ubct BoroMaTepn, noKpoBM-Te^bHMUbi Pocenu; Ďejibiií ubct - ubct cBoĎcnbi n He3aBncnMocTn. rio npyro-\iy o6t.acHeHHio, UBeTa cooTBeTtTBOB3Jin TpeM ochobhwm HapojiaM Pocenu: KpacHbin - BejinKopoccaM, chhhh - MajiopoccaM, 6ejibiři - ĎejiopycaM. riocjic OKTaSpbCKon peBOJiiounn, b 1918 r. ocpnuna^bHbíM qVmroM Poccnn 6bi;i yTBep>KjieH KpacHbin cp-"ar. riocjie npnHHTna hoboíí KoncTnTyunn Poccnn b 1993 r. yKa30M ripe3njieHTa crpaHe 6bui B03BpameH nepBOHansab-iibiií 6e/io-CHHe-KpacHbiH cpjiar. 3aKOHonpoeKTOM ycTaHaBJíHBaeTca, mto rocyjiapcTBeHHbiH cpjiar PO «npeacTaB^neT co6oň npaMoyrojibHoe naioTHHiue n3 Tpex paBHOBeanKnx ropn30HTajibHbix nojioc: BepxHan - Ďejioro, cpcaHHH - cnHero, hhjkhhh -KpacHoro UBeTa. OTHonjeHne wnpnHbi cpjiara k ero ;uiHHe 2 : 3». BruioTb no XVII BeKa bo BpeMíi rocyflapcTBeHHbix uepeMOHHň h coSbrmn o6iuerocyAapcTBeHHoro SHaneHna ncnojimuiMCb npaBocnaBHbie uepKOBHbie necHoneHna. IlepBbiM ocpnunajibHbíM rocyaapcTBeHHbíM thmhom Poccnn (n.uia «MainTBa pyccKnx», onoBa kotopoíí b nanane XIX BeKa Hanncaji no3T BacwiHfi >KyKOBCKn(í. Mto npn*ieH3TejibHo, asa nocjieflHnx KynjieTa k Heíí HOCOMHHmi MOJio^on AjieKcanflp IlyiiiKHH. Po>KjieHne BToporo ocpnunajiiHoro rnMHa - «Bo>Ke, napa xpaHn» - cBsoaHo c ycTpeiviaeHneM uapcKoři ^nHacrnn PoMaHOBbix yKpennTb cbok> b^acrb. 3a BpeMfl cymecTBOBaHna CoBeTCKoro Coio3a thmh CTpaHbi mchh;i-oi necKOJibKO pa3: CHaiiajia ncrojiHRnacb «PyccKaa Mapcejibe3a», 33tcm -«MiiTepHaunoHan». B 1944 rojry, ro 3aaaHMK) CrannHa KOMno3HTop AneKcaujip AjieKcaHflpoB n noa™ Cepren V.nxanKOB n rapankn 3jib-PerncTaH Hanncajin noBbiň rocyaapcTBeHHbiií rnMH - «Cok>3 HepyiunMbiň». C 1992 no 2000 rr. HaunoHUibHbíM rnviHOM Poccnn flBjíJuiacb KJiaccn-'iccKan Mono^na «riaTpnoTHMecKafl necH5i» BejiHKoro pyccKoro KOMno3n-lopa Mnxan/ia Dwhkh. OiiHaKO, Ďy^ynn BBe;ieH YKa30M Ilpe3HjieHTa, oh ne nojiyMwi no,n/iep>kkh b poccníícKOM napjiaMeHTe n He 6bm yTBepxjieH taKOHOflaTe^bHO. 8 aeKaĎpa 2000 r. rocy^apcrBeHHaji JlyMa 3-ro co3biBa npnHHJia bo bto-poM MTeHnn KOHCTnTyunoHHbiři 3aKOHonpoeKT «0 rocyaapcTBeHHOM rnMHe P«í>». 3a npnHJiTne 3aKOHonpoeKTa nporoaocoBano 378 jienyTaTOB, npn He-oOxoflnMOM MnHnMyMe 300 tojiocob, npoTnB 53, B03Aepxajica 1. 3thm 3aKOHonpoeKTOM b KiMecTBe My3biKH rocy^apcTBeHHoro rnMHa I>ťt> yTBepxaaeTCfl Mejio^na rnviHa 6biBiuero CCCP KOMno3nTopa A. Aj\e-KcaH^poBa. MyTb no3>Ke 6bui o^o6peH tckct rnMHa, HanncaHHbiň C. Mnxaji- KOBblM (CM. CTp. 76). Hy>KHO 33MeTnTb, mto 3to peiueHHe Bbi3Bajio HeoflH03HaiiHyio peaKunto B poccníícKOM o6mecTBe. 4.2 KohcTHryuMH PocciiiicKoii eaepaunii /leňcTByiomasi KoncTnTyuna P4> 6bwa npnHíiTa Ha BceHapo^HOM pecpe-peH^yMe 12 fleKa6pn 1993 r. n BCTynnjia b cnjiy b nenb ee ocpnunajibiioro onyS^nKOBaHna. 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KKa ceMbH, MaTepHHCTBa, OTUOBCTBa h aeTCTBa, HHBajiHflOB h nowHJibix rpa>KjjaH, pa3BHBaeTca CHCTeMa counajibHbix cjiy>k6, ycTaHaBJíHBaioTca rocyflapcTBeHHbie neHCHH, nocoĎna h hhijc rapaHTHH couHanbHoíí 3amHTbi. ( T3TbH 8. i. B PO rapaHTwpyioTca eflHHCTBO 3KOHOMHiiecKoro npocTpaHCTBa, cbo6o;i-Hoe nepeMemeHne TOBapoB, ycnyr h cpHHaHCOBbix cpe^CTB, nojmepwKa KOHKypeHUHH, CBOĎOfla 3KOHOMHMeCKOH fleaTeJTbHOCTH. 1 B P npH3HaioTca h 3amMujaK)Tca paBHbíM o6pa30M MacTnaa, rocyaap-cTBenHaa, MyHHUHnajibnaa h HHbie cpopMbi coďctbchhocth. 43 CraTbfl 9. 1. 3eMJiH h apyrwe npnpo,nHbie pecypcbi Hcno/ib3yioTCfl h oxpaHJUOTca b P khk OCHOBa >KH3HH M AeflTeJlbHOCTH HapOAOB, npOtfCHBaKOLllMX Ha COOT- BeTCTByiomeří TcppMTopnn. 2. 3evuia h .npyrae npnpoAHbie pecypcbi MoryT HaxojjHTbCfl b nacTHOíí, ro-cyflapcTBeHHcm, MyHHunnajibHOH n mhhx (popMax coďctbchhoctm. CraTbH 10. rocyaapcTBenHaa anacTb b P ocymecTanneTca Ha ocHOBe pa3,aejieHHfl Ha 3a-KOHOflaTejibHyio, HcnojiHHTejibHyio h cyjieÖHyio. OpraHbi 3aKOHO,aaTe;ibHOM, MCnOJlHHTejlbHOM M CyfleÖHOM bj13ctm CaMOCTOflTejlbHbl. CTaTbH 11. 1. rocyaapcTBeHHyio BJiacTb b P«t> ocymecTBjijhot ripe3H,ueHT P4>, e;ie-pajibHoe CoöpaHHe (Cobct <í>eflepaunH n rocy^apcTBenHaa üyMa), ľlpa-BHTdlbCTBO P, cy^bi P. 2. TocyAapcTBeHHyK) BJiacTb b cyö-beicrax P ocymecTB^jiioT oöpa3yeMbie mmh opraHbi rocy^apcTBeHHOH anacTH. 3. Pa3rpaHMiieHHe npejiMeTOB BcaeHH« m nojiHOMOMMÍí mok^y opraHaMH rocy-^apcTBeHHOH BjiacTH P m opraHaMH rocyuapcTBeHHořt BJiacra cyöteicroB P ocymecTBJiaeTCH HacToameíí KoHCTHTyuneii, OeflepaTMBHbiM h HHbuviw floroBopaMM o pa3rpaHHMenHH npejiMeTOB Be,neHMH h no^HOMO'iwM. CTaTbH 12. B P npH3HaeTC5i n rapaHTwpyeTCH MecTHoe caMoynpaBJíeHHe. MecTHoe ca-MoynpaBjíeHHe b npcaejiax cbomx nojiHOMOHHří caMOCTOHTCiibHO. OpraHbi MecTHoro caMoyripaBJienMH He bxoajit b CHCTeiuy opraHOB rocyaapcTBenHOH BJiaCTH. CTaTbH 13. 1. B P4> npn3HaeTca wjieojiorHMecKoe MHoroo6pa3He. 2. HHKaKaa HßeojioruH He MoxeT ycraHaB^HBaTbCH b KanecTBe rocyaapcTBeH-hoh mj1h o6a3aTe^bHoíí. 3. B P<1> npn3HaiOTCfl nojiHTMnecKoe MHoroo6pa3ne, MHoronapTHHHOCTb. 4. OömecTBeHHbie o6i>e^HHeHHn paBHbi nepca 33kohom. 5. 3anpemaeTca C03fl,aHHe h aeaTejibHocTb oômecTBeHHbix o6i>e,aMHeHHH, ue^H n fleŕicTBHJi KOTopbix HanpaaneHbi Ha HacmibCTBeHHoe H3MeHeHMe ochob KOHCTMTyUHOHHOrO CTpOfl h HapyUieHHe Ue^OCTHOCTM P4>, noiipbiB 6c3onacHOCTH rocyaapcTBa, co3,oaHHe BOopyweHHbix (popMwpoBanMři, pa3->KMraHHe couwajibHOH, pacoBoíí, HauHOHajibHOH n pe^nrno3Hoíí po3hh. 44 < IIIIbH 14. I P - cBeTCKoe rocy^apcTBO. HnuaKaa pennrHH He MO>KeT ycraHaBjiHBaTb- Cfl b Ka'iecTBe rocyaapcTBeHHoii hjim o6n3aTejibHOH. .'. Pe;iHrH03Hbie ootjCuhhchmh OTfle^eHbi ot rocy^apcTBa h paBHbi nepcn iukohom. < mibfl 15. I KoHCTMTyuHa PO HMeeT BbiciuyK) lopHflHHecKyio cuny, npaMoe jieiicTBHc m iipHMeHHeTcn Ha Bceri TeppmopHH P. 3aKOHbi h HHbie npaBOBbie aKTbi, lipHHMMaeMbie b P, He flOÍDKHbl ľipOTHBOpeMHTb KOHCTHTyUHH P. ' OpraHbi rocynapcTBeHHOH bjibcth, opraHbi MecTHoro caMoynpaBjieHMa, noji)KHOCTHbie jiHiia, rpax<,aaHe m hx o6-be.aHHeHHfl o6a3aHbi coö^io^aTb KoHCTHTyUHK) P M ee 3aKOHbI. I. 3aKOHbi nojurexoT ocpHuwajibHOMy ony6;iMKOBannio. HeonyßjiHKOBaH-iibie 3aKOHbi He npHMenfiioTCH. Jlraöbie HopMaTMBHbie npaBOBbie aKTbi, iaTparMBaK)ru,ne npaBa, cBOÔoflbí n o6a3aHHOCTn iie^OBeKa m rpa>KflaHHHa, ne MoryT npHMeHaTbCH, eonn ohh He onyô^MKOBaHbi ocpHunajibHO jvw iiceoömero CBeaeHMn. I. 06menpn3HaHHbie npwHUMnbi m HopMbi MOKflyHapo^Horo npaBa h mok-jiyHapoflHbie floroBopbi P hb^jhotch cocTaBHoŕí MacTbio ee npaBOBoŕi CHCTCMbl. EC^M MOKflyHapOÄHbIM flOrOBOpOM P yCTaHOB^eHbl HHbie npaBH^a, iieM npejiycMOTpeHHbie 33kohom, to npHMeHaroTca npaBHJia MOKayHapo^Horo jioroBopa. ( rarbH 16. I. riojio>KeHHfl HacTonmeii r^aBbi KoHCTHTyunn cocTaBJiaiOT ochobm koh-cTMTyuHOHHoro CTpon P n He MoryT 6biTb H3MeHeHbi HHawe k3k b no-psijiKe, ycTaHOB/ieHHOM HacTonmeií KoHCTHTyuneri. ' I iHKaKMe Äpyrae no^o>KeHHfl HacTOJimeü KoHCTHTyuHH He MoryT npoTM- BOpeMMTb OCHOBaM KOHCTMTyUHOHHOrO CTpOH P. 4.3 TocyaapcTBeHHbie npa3flHHKH Pocchh 1 HiiBapH - HoBbiří rofl. 1-5 HHBapH - HOBOrOflHHe KaHHKyjlbl. 7 HHBapH - PO)KÄeCTBO XpHCTOBO. IlpaBOC^aBHaH uepKOBb He npHHHJia MOKbiM rpHropMaHCKMii KajieHjiapb, BBejieHHbiří b Pocchh rpa^aHCKHMM miaCTHMH b 1918 r., h npa3jiHyeT cboh npa3üHHKH nocTapoMy, lOJinancKOMy 45 KíuieHflapio, OTviHMaiomeMycH ot coBpeMeHHoro Ha 13 jmen. Benep 6 HHBa-pn Ha3biBaeTca CoMejibHMK, noTOMy hto b crapwHy b stot Beiiep HaKaHyHe PoxAecTBa ejiH o6pa,noByio e^y H3 npopaměHHoři nujeHMUbi n Mefla, Ha3bi-BaeMyio «commbo». B m a lij i i ^hh Tpajinunn npa3,nHOBaHHH PoJKJjecTBa bo3- pO>KflaK)TCJI. 23 KamMX h hoci i h u x BeTepaHOB. 8 MapTa - Me>KayHapojiHbiH jkchckhm jieHb. H b coBpeMeHHoň Poccmm B 3TOT npa3J!hmk OÔbIMHO n03flpaBJlfltOT >KeHUJ,mh, HenpeMCHHO JXapm UBeTbl m HeöojibiiJMe nojaapKH. 1 Man - ripa3flHMK BecHbi n Tpyna. ľIpe>k,ae b jtot nenb cocTOHJincb jieMOH-erpaunn TpyflfliuHxcfl, ceŕiHac ĎbiBaioT mmthhtm pa3Hbix napTMH, no npe>Kfle Bcero - HapoAHbie ryjiHunn. Mame Bcero jhoäh cTpeMHTca BbiexaTb 3a ropoji, HcnoJib30BaTb Hepa6oiiníí jrenb ona paöoTbi b cajiy n OTAbixa. 9 muh - ,HeHb noôe^bi. B 3tot ÄeHb npoxojiMT BoeHHbin napaA b iiecTb ľloôeiibi b Bcíihkoh OreHecTBeHHoŕi BoiÍHe 1941-1945 rr. m TpajiMu.noHHbie BCTpeMH BeTepaHOB boííhm. K MorHJiaM naBUJMX bomhob B03JiaraioT UBeTbi. BeMepoM 6biBaeT npa3,n,HMHHbiíí caJiioT. 12 iiioiiH - J\&Hb Pocchh - JxeHb npnH5iTHH b 1991 r. ^eKjiapauHH o rocy-AapcTBeHHOM cyBepeHHTeTe Pocchííckoh eflepauHM. 4 HOHÔpn - J\eHb HapoflHoro eiiHHCTBa h roflOBiiiHHa ocBo6o)KfleHHa MocKBbi ot noJibCKHX MHTepBeHTOB (1612 r.). BßejieH c 2005 r. bmccto paHee OTMenaeMoro 7 Hoaöpn JXhíi corjiacna n npHMMpeHHH (b cboio onepejib 3a-MeHMBiiiero npa3JTH0BaHwe rojTOBWMHbi OKTHÔpbCKoíí peBOJiKmnn 1917 r.). B iiocjie^HMe rojibi wnpoKO npa3flHyeTca Taioxe 3anpeuj,eHHbiŕi paHee npa3^hmk BocKpeceHMH ľocnoflHH - Ilacxy. Bepyiomne xojt.ht b uepKOBb, ocBflmaioT TaM KyjiHM n KpaujeHbie nŕíua, «xpncTOcyiOTCH» - uejiyioTCH co onoBaMH «Xphctoc BOCKpec!» - «BoHCTHHy BocKpec!», oÔMeHHBaiOTcn Kpa-LLieHblMH jiŕíuaMH. no nocTaHOBjieHHK) npaBHTeJibCTBa, ecjiH npa3jiHHK npMxojiMTCH Ha Bbi-xoiiHOH fleHb, to noHcuejibHMK oötflBJiaeTca HepaöoHHM ahcm. ( avthlH JHOÖHMblH iipaj.uiiik I loBbiH roji - caMbiŕí jnoönMbin npa3flHHK b P>occmh. B flOMax h Ha yjiHuax i i .iHsiTcn h Hapa>KaK)Tca HOBoroiiHMe ejiKH. nojjj eJiKy CTaBfiT pyMHHoro jie.ua Mopo3a c öejioM öopojjoW. Phjiom oajryT no^aipKH. CaM oöbman Hapa>KaTb ejiKy noHBHjiCH b P'occhm cpaBHHTeJibHO ne^aB-110 - co BpevieH neTpa I. B flpeBHeŕí PycH hoblík roji HanHHanca 1 MapTa. I Iniwe, b 1348 rofly, ero nepeHecjiw Ha 1 ceHTncjpji. 3to JiaTa BH3anTHHCKoro iiL-pKOBHoro KaneHflapa, KOTopbiii npMiueJi Ha P;ycb BviecTe c xpncTnancTBOM. h iiocjieflHMH pa3 HOBbiŕí ron 1 ceHTflôpa OTMeMaJiH b 1699 r. a 20 acKaöp« noro ro^a b iMocKBe oÖHapo^oBajiH noßcneHHe FleTpa I o npa3JTHOBannH I loBoro rojia 1 nHBapn, «pajjH Jiyiiuero corjiacHm c HapoaaMH eBponeiicKHMM m KonTpaKTax n TpaKTaTax». Jlanee b napcKOM yKa3e roBopMJiocb, mto c 1 aHBapn 6yjrymero ro;ra HacTa-iiiT iiOBbiň, 1700 r. ot PoK^ecTBa XpwcTOBa, a He ot cotbopchhh Mwpa, k3k (ii.ijio äo Tex nop. ľleTp I noBejieji b 3tot jieHb yxapacHTb ^o\ia cocHOBbiMH, UIOBUMH H MOXOKeBejlOBbIMM BeTBÍlMH nO BbICTiaBJíeHHbIM o6pa3IiaM, a B 3H3K iicceJibfl o6fl3aTeJibHo no3jipaBjiaTb apyr apyra >c Hobwm tojiom. Ha KpacHOíí iniomajiH 6biJin ycTpoeHbi «orHeHHbie noTexn», a no^BopaM 6buio npnKa3aHO ( i pejifiTb H3 nyujeK n nycKaTb paKeTbi. Oobi'iari yKpauiaTb ejiKy TO>Ke noHBunca b Pocchh He cpa3y. Ero npwBe3Jia iicMeuKaa npnHuecca, KOTopaa, npnHHB npaBocjiaBHyK) Bepy, Bbiujjia 3aMy>k 3a napfl HwKOJiaa I h CTajia HMnepaTpHuen AJieKCaHjipoM eflopoBHoii (1-a no-10BHH8 XTX B.). Oöbi'iaii yKpaujaTbXBoňHoe JiepeBue JienTaivin crpyweK n Kpac-iM.iMH HÖJiOKaMM, pacnpocTpaHHBUJHHCfi b TepMaHMH b KOHue XVIII B., cpa3y iionpaBHJica n pyccKHM. rio3JTHee flôJioKH 3aMeHHJin pa3HonBeTHh>iMH LuapaMn. EJiOMHbie yKpa-incHHJi cHMBOJiHMHbi. 3oJioTa$i KanHTejib - sto nowejiaHMe ôjiaronojiyMna, nanaiomero c Heôec nojjoÔHO 30JioTOMy jio>kjik). üpaHMKn HanoMHHaioT 0 iie/ierKOM ajjavioBOM xjieöe, opexH - o npeojiojieHHH TpyaHocTeŕí >km3hh. l>yMa>KHbie nenn - Hama cBn3b c BoroM h co uceM cynjHM, aurejiOK - kohcm-ho >xe, tot caMbiň, KOTopbiíí B03BecTHJi nacTyxaM o My^ecHOM po>kachhm MjiaiaeHua, a 3Be3jia na BepxyujKe - BHcpjieeMcKaa 3Be3Äa. ílnuapcKMíí HoBbiň roja npnujejica KSK pa3 Ha cepe^nHy Beccrioro pyc- 1 Koro npa3JjHHKa - cbatok. 3to 6bwo Bpema noBopoTa coJiHua ot 3HMbi k jicTy. Cbjitkh HaMHHajiHCb nepKOBHbíM npa^flHHKOM po>KjiecTBa (25 JieKaô-im), a KOH'iajincb npa3flHMKOM KperueHna (6 jiHBapn). Ohm npcnojmajincb 11 jiHCH. B 3TM flHH no cocTOflHMK) He6a n npnpo,nbi ra^ajin o 6yjiyuj.eM ypo- 46 47 >Kae, o npnruioae CKOTa. CoBepwajiH paainiiHbie oĎpajibi, TaK khk Bepunn, mto ohm MoryT noann»Tb Ha npnpojry. Ha yjiHuax raw Kocrpbi, mtodw npn6aBH-jiocb cBeTa h Teruia. neicjin H3 TecTa qbnrypKH ^khbothhx h nTHU h jrapmiM hx jipyr apyry. no yjinuaM xouhjih pa>Kenbie - mojw, oaeTbie b pa3JiniiHbie KocTioMbi h MacKH, H3o6pa>Kaa >KHBOTHbix m itthu,. Flo BeMepaM AeByuiKH ra^ajiH o CBoeH cyab6e. B Haiue BpeMa 3a HOBoroflHMří ctoji ca/wca okojto 10-11 nacoB Benepa. npMHflTO «npoBoanTb CTapbiíí rofl», T.e. BcnoMHMTb, mto xopowero npwHec TeKymMH roa ceMbe h jj,py3baM, nojjHHTb SoKajibi c bhhom hjih bojjkoíí b 3HaK npomaHHJi c yxoflflimHM ro/joM. He3ajjojiro no nojiyHOMH no TejieBHfleHHio nepcoaioT no3flpaaneHne npe3M,neHTa. Pobho b jjBeHajmaTb MacoB homh pa3-jjaeTca 6oh KypaHTOB co CnaccKOM 6auiHM KpeMJia, OTKpbiBaeTca ujaMnaH-CKoe (poccHAHe no-npe>KHeMy npeAnoiiMTaioT «CoBeTCKoe uiaMnaHCKoe» BceM apyrHM copTaM) h Bee no/jHHMaioT 6oKajibi, roBopa: «c HoBbiM toaom, C HOBbIM CHaCTbeM!» B COBpeMeHHOH Pocchh hct o6fl3aTejibHoro HOBOrOflHe-ro 6jnojaa, k3k b HexHM. Oďumho totobht yTKy, hh/j,eHKy hjih apyryio nrauy, MHorwe ceMbH npocTo roTOBHT cBoe caMoe jnoĎMMoe ďjikjjjio. Ho Ha CTOJie o6fl3aTejibHo mhoto 3aKycKH: pa3Hbie cajiaTbi, cojieHba (cojieHbie rpncbi, KanycTa, orypubi, noMHjropbi m t. n.), KonneHaa pbiča m msico, 6yTep6pojj,bi c MKpoíí h T.fl. Kax/jaa ceMba crapaeTca, htoču hobotojihhh ctoji 6biJi KaK mo>kho 6oraie, TaK kbk cTapoe noBepbe roBopHT, mto k;i k BCTperawb HoBbifi roji, TaK h npo>KHBeujb ero. nocjie nojiyHOMH jj,apaT apyr /J.pyry no,uapKH. CnamnM jjeTaM Kjiaayr no- JiapKH b BajlĚHKM hjih CanO>KKM, KOTOpbie ohm ct3b5it k nOCTeJIH, WKMflan npMxoiia J\em Mopo3a. HecKonbKO He/jejib npo/j,oji>KaiOTca «cjikm» b TeaTpax m ,fl,Bopuax Ky^bTypw - npa3^HMKM ;yia jieTeíí, KOTopbie opraHH3yioT,neTCKHe ca^bi, ujKOJibi m MHorne yMpe>KJj,eHHa jjjia jj,eTen cbomx coTpyjj,HHKOB. KaK npaBM/io, TaM CHanajia noKa3biBaK)t HOBorojiHHH actckhh cneKTaob o npn-KJHOMeHHflx JJejra Mopo3a, KOTopbin Hec jjeTaM no/japKH, ho 3a6jiyAHJica (hjih ero cďhjtm c nyTH 3jioh bojik hjih Ea6a-.flra). Ero BHyMKa CHeryponKa c noMombK) fleTeří nmeT m cnacaeT ero. B noncKax yiiacTByeT Becb 3aji, no/j,-6a,npHBaa coBeTaMH CHerypoMKy h ao6pbix 3Bepen. HaKOHeu, JJ,eji Mopo3 npnxojiMT b 3aji, npocHT jjeTeií cneTb h craHueBaTb eiwy, paccKa3aTb cthxh h OAapHBaeT hx cjiacrciMH. MacTO ycTpawBaioT KOHKypcw Ha jiyMUJHÍí koctkjm hjih MacKy. B KOHue Ka>Kjj,biH peGeHOK nojiyiiaeT KpacHByio Kopo6oiiKy c koh-(j)CTaMM, cppyKTaMH m T.n. J\eaa Mopo3a h CHerypoMKy nacTO mo>kho yBHjieTb w Ha yjinue - hx mo>k-iio Bbi3BaTb jma BauJMx neTevi Ha n,OM. MHorHe (pnpMbi h aeTCKHe Mara3H-Hbi TaK>Ke npnrjiaiuaioT JXeaos Mopo30B ana npMBJieMeHHfl noKynaTejieii. Mojiojabie aKTepbi h cTyaeHTbi Macro noflpa6aTbiBaraT, Hapa>Kaacb flejiaMH Mopo3aMH h CHerypoMKaMH. B nocjiejjHHe roflbi crajiH nonyjiapHbiMM h hobotoahhc ryjiaHHa b ueHTpe HOHHoro ropo^a. nocjie nojiyHOHH TaM BticTynaioT neBUbi, aKTepw, bhc3-xaroT cTapHHHbie KapeTbi, npoaaiOT ropaMHe HanHTKH, nnpoKKH h cjiacTM, nrpaeT My3biKa, TaHuyioT, ycTpaHBaioT (pewepBepKH. 4X 49